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Tour de France 1998 : the real numbers of doping |
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The table below establishes, team by team, the count of the riders who have been or will be subsequently "pinned" in doping cases.
| Teams | Riders | Pinned | Top 10 | Pinned | Podium | Pinned |
| Deutsche Telekom | 9 | 8 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Festina Watches | 9 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Mercatone Uno-Bianchi | 9 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Mapei - Bricobi | 9 | 6 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| Once | 9 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Rabobank | 9 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Casino | 9 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Banesto | 9 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Gan | 9 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Lotto- Mobistar | 9 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| TVM- Farm Frites | 9 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Saeco Macchine da Caffe- Cannondale | 9 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| La Française des jeux | 9 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Cofidis- Le crédit par téléphone | 9 | 6 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| Team Polti | 9 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Asics-CGA | 9 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Vitalicio Seguros- Gruppo Generali | 9 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Kelme- Costa Blanca | 9 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| US Postal Service | 9 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Riso Scotti- MG Maglificio | 9 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Big Mat | 9 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Total | 189 | 103 | 10 | 9 | 3 | 3 |
| Pourcentage | 54% | 90% | 100% |
Pinned: Number of riders who violated the anti-doping rules.
Included in this category: riders who have been tested positive (including refuse to submit to doping control or hematocrit> 50%), having acknowledged having doped, having been sanctioned (by the justice, their federation or their team).
Not included (for example) : those whose sample B was negative.
Top 10: number of riders present in the top 10 of the final general classification.
Podium: number of riders present in the first 3 of the final general classification.
Other data :
Ranking source : http://www.memoire-du-cyclisme.net (30/01/2008)
1993 : medical control (sanction not known) ; 1995 : medical control + poursuites judiciaires ; 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty) ; 1999 : blood test ; 2001 : in the act
1995 : aveux en 2023 (no penalty) ; 1997 : confessions in 2013 (no penalty) ; 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty) ; 2001 : police investigation (no penalty) ; 2002 : positive control ; 2005 : judicial investigation
1996 : confessions in 2012 ; 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
2005 : confessions in 2013
199x : confessions in 2004 (sanction not known)
1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty) ; 2001 : positive control
1999 : positive control (no penalty)
2001 : in the act
1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
198x : confessions in 2010 (no penalty) ; 1993 : confessions in 2007 ; 1995 : police investigation (no penalty)
1999 : police investigation (no penalty)
2007 : positive control (2 times) ; 2008 : positive control (2 times)
1993 : positive control (no penalty) ; 1995 : confessions in 2007 (no penalty) ; 1998 : confessions in 1998 (sanction not known) ; 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty) ; 1999 : positive control (no penalty) ; 1999 : laboratory inquiry (no penalty) ; 2001 : positive control ; 2003 : positive control
1999 : judicial investigation (no penalty) ; 1997 : positive control (no penalty) ; 1999 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
1999 : police investigation ; 2004 : confessions in 2015 (no penalty)
199x : judicial investigation (no penalty)
1995 : confessions in 2007 (sanction not known)
1994 : positive control
1997 : absence to control (no penalty) ; 2000 : blood test
2005 : judicial investigation (sanction not known)
2001 : in the act
1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
1986 : positive control
1994 : confessions in 1998 (sanction not known) ; 1996 : confessions in 1998 (sanction not known)
1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
1995 : confessions in 2007 (no penalty)
1993 : positive control
1998 : positive control ; 2001 : positive control
1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty) ; 2002 : in the act
199x : confessions in 2012 (no penalty)
1997 : confessions in 2012 (sanction not known) ; 2001 : confessions in 2015 (no penalty) ; 2004 : positive control, confessions in 2011 (no penalty) ; 2004 : positive control ; 2009 : positive control and confessions in 2009
2001 : police investigation (sanction not known)
1996 : confessions in 2012
1998 : senate inquiry and confessions in 2013 (no penalty)
1993 : confessions in 1999 (no penalty) ; 1996 : positive control
1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
1995 : confessions in 2006 (no penalty)
2002 : in the act
1996 : positive control ; 1996 : positive control ; 1996 : positive control ; 1996 : positive control ; 1998 : confessions (sanction not known) ; 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
1994 : positive control (no penalty) ; 1996 : confessions in 2007 and 2013 ; 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
1996 : positive control ; 1996 : positive control ; 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty) ; 2004 : in the act ; 2004 : positive control ; 2005 : police investigation
1996 : positive control ; 2001 : blood test
1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty) ; 2001 : in the act
1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
2018 : police investigation (sanction not known)
1993 : positive control ; 1996 : judicial investigation and confessions (no penalty) ; 1999 : confessions in 1999
1995 : confessions in 2007 (sanction not known) ; 1999 : positive control
2000 : blood test
1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty) ; 1999 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
1986 : positive control
2003 : fraud
reports a rider who was sanctioned in a doping case
reports a rider pinned in our doping directory but who has not been sanctioned or whose we are not aware of the possible sanction
The ranking as it would be if we excluded all racers "pinned" in doping cases during their career.
| Rider | Product | Race | Year | Sanction | Control |
| Barthe Stéphane | EPO | Tour de France | 1998 | Non | Commission d'enquête sénatoriale |
| Beltran Manuel | EPO | Tour de France | 1998 | Non | Commission d'enquête sénatoriale |
| Blijlevens Jeroen | Tour de France | 1998 | Non | Enquête judiciaire | |
| Brignoli Ermanno | EPO | Tour de France | 1998 | Non | Commission d'enquête sénatoriale |
| Brochard Laurent | EPO, amphétamines, nandrolone, hormones de croissance | Tour de France | 1998 | Oui | Aveux en 1998 |
| Calcaterra Giuseppe | EPO | Tour de France | 1998 | Non | Commission d'enquête sénatoriale |
| Chanteur Pascal | EPO | Tour de France | 1998 | Non | Commission d'enquête sénatoriale |
| Cipollini Mario | EPO | Tour de France | 1998 | Non | Commission d'enquête sénatoriale |
| De Jongh Steven | Tour de France | 1998 | Oui | Enquête judiciaire, aveux en 2012 | |
| Desbiens Laurent | EPO | Tour de France | 1998 | Non | Commission d'enquête sénatoriale |
| Dufaux Laurent | EPO, Hydrocortisone, cortisone | Tour de France | 1998 | Oui | Analyses sang, urine, cheveux, aveux en 1998 |
| Durand Jacky | EPO | Tour de France | 1998 | Non | Commission d'enquête sénatoriale |
| Hamburger Bo | EPO | Tour de France | 1998 | Non | Commission d'enquête sénatoriale (2 x positif) |
| Heppner Jens | EPO | Tour de France | 1998 | Non | Commission d'enquête sénatoriale |
| Hervé Pascal | Hématocrite = 52,6%, amphétamines, Cortisone | Tour de France | 1998 | Oui | Analyses sang, urine, cheveux |
| Ivanov Sergueï | Tour de France | 1998 | Non | Enquête judiciaire | |
| Jalabert Laurent | EPO | Tour de France | 1998 | Non | Commission d'enquête sénatoriale |
| Julich Bobby | EPO | Tour de France | 1998 | Non | Commission d'enquête sénatoriale |
| Knaven Servais | Cortisone | Tour de France | 1998 | Non | Enquête judiciaire |
| Massi Rodolfo | Détention de Corticoïdes, Caféine, etc. | Tour de France | 1998 | Oui | Flagrant délit |
| Massi Rodolfo | Corticoïdes, hormones de croissance | Tour de France | 1998 | NSP* | Aveux en 1998 |
| Mazzoleni Eddy | EPO | Tour de France | 1998 | Non | Commission d'enquête sénatoriale |
| Meier Armin | EPO, hormone de croissance | Tour de France | 1998 | Oui | Aveux en 1998 |
| Meier Armin | EPO, amphétamines | Tour de France | 1998 | Oui | Analyses sang, urine, cheveux |
| Meier Roland | EPO | Tour de France | 1998 | Non | Commission d'enquête sénatoriale |
| Merckx Axel | EPO | Tour de France | 1998 | Non | Commission d'enquête sénatoriale |
| Michaelsen Lars | Tour de France | 1998 | Non | Enquête judiciaire | |
| Minali Nicola | EPO | Tour de France | 1998 | Non | Commission d'enquête sénatoriale |
| Moncassin Frédéric | EPO, corticoïdes | Tour de France | 1998 | Non | Commission d'enquête sénatoriale et aveux en 2013 |
| Moreau Christophe | Amphétamines, corticoïdes | Tour de France | 1998 | Non | Analyses sang, urine, cheveux, aveux |
| O'Grady Stuart | EPO | Tour de France | 1998 | Non | Commission d'enquête sénatoriale et aveux en 2013 |
| Olano Abraham | EPO | Tour de France | 1998 | Non | Commission d'enquête sénatoriale |
| Ouchakov Sergueï | Tour de France | 1998 | Non | Enquête judiciaire | |
| Pantani Marco | EPO | Tour de France | 1998 | Non | Commission d'enquête sénatoriale |
| Rous Didier | EPO, amphétamines, hydrocortisone, cortisone | Tour de France | 1998 | Oui | Analyses sang, urine, cheveux et aveux en 1998 |
| Roux Laurent | Tour de France | 1998 | Non | Enquête judiciaire | |
| Sacchi Fabio | EPO | Tour de France | 1998 | Non | Commission d'enquête sénatoriale |
| Serrano Rodriguez Marcos-Antonio | EPO | Tour de France | 1998 | Non | Commission d'enquête sénatoriale |
| Steels Tom | EPO | Tour de France | 1998 | Non | Commission d'enquête sénatoriale |
| Stephens Neil | EPO, hydrocortisone, cortisone, HGH | Tour de France | 1998 | NSP* | Analyses sang, urine, cheveux, aveux en 1998 |
| Tafi Andrea | EPO | Tour de France | 1998 | Non | Commission d'enquête sénatoriale |
| Turicchia Alain | EPO | Tour de France | 1998 | Non | Commission d'enquête sénatoriale |
| Ullrich Jan | EPO | Tour de France | 1998 | Non | Commission d'enquête sénatoriale |
| Van Petegem Peter | Tour de France | 1998 | Non | Enquête judiciaire | |
| Virenque Richard | EPO, cortisone | Tour de France | 1998 | NSP* | Analyses sang, urine, cheveux |
| Voskamp Bertus | Tour de France | 1998 | Non | Enquête judiciaire et aveux en 2014 | |
| Zabel Erik | EPO | Tour de France | 1998 | Non | Commission d'enquête sénatoriale |
| Zanini Stefano | EPO | Tour de France | 1998 | Non | Commission d'enquête sénatoriale |
| Zülle Alex | EPO, amphétamines, hormone de croissance | Tour de France | 1998 | NSP* | Aveux en 1998 |
* Sanction not known
The list of participants by team
23 years of existence, 33 cases, ie 1,43 per year
1. Ullrich Jan
1995 : aveux en 2023 (no penalty) ; 1997 : confessions in 2013 (no penalty) ; 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty) ; 2001 : police investigation (no penalty) ; 2002 : positive control ; 2005 : judicial investigation
2. Aldag Rolf
1995 : confessions in 2007 (no penalty)
3. Bolts Udo
1995 : confessions in 2007 (sanction not known)
4. Frattini Francesco
5. Henn Christian
1995 : confessions in 2007 (sanction not known) ; 1999 : positive control
6. Heppner Jens
1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
7. Riis Bjarne
198x : confessions in 2010 (no penalty) ; 1993 : confessions in 2007 ; 1995 : police investigation (no penalty)
8. Totschnig Georg
2005 : judicial investigation (sanction not known)
9. Zabel Erik
1994 : positive control (no penalty) ; 1996 : confessions in 2007 and 2013 ; 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
12 years of existence, 30 cases, ie 2,5 per year
11. Virenque Richard
1994 : confessions in 2000 ; 1998 : blood test, urine, hair (sanction not known) ; 1999 : blood test (sanction not known) ; 1999 : confessions in 1999 (sanction not known)
12. Brochard Laurent
1991 : positive control (no penalty) ; 1997 : confessions in 2000 (no penalty) ; 1998 : confessions in 1998 ; 1998 : positive control
13. Dufaux Laurent
1998 : blood test, urine, hair, confessions in 1998
14. Hervé Pascal
1998 : blood test, urine, hair ; 1998 : confessions in 2000 (sanction not known) ; 2001 : positive control
15. Meier Armin
1998 : confessions in 1998 ; 1998 : blood test, urine, hair
16. Moreau Christophe
1996 : confessions in 1998 ; 1998 : positive control ; 1998 : blood test, urine, hair, confessions (no penalty) ; 2008 : medical control
17. Rous Didier
1998 : analyses sang, urine, cheveux et aveux en 1998
18. Stephens Neil
1998 : analyses sang, urine, cheveux, aveux en 1998 (sanction not known)
19. Zülle Alex
1993 : positive control (no penalty) ; 1994 : positive control (no penalty) ; 1998 : blood test, urine, hair ; 1998 : confessions in 1998 (sanction not known)
7 years of existence, 19 cases, ie 2,71 per year
21. Pantani Marco
1993 : medical control (sanction not known) ; 1995 : medical control + poursuites judiciaires ; 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty) ; 1999 : blood test ; 2001 : in the act
22. Barbero Sergio
2001 : positive control
23. Borgheresi Simone
2001 : police investigation (sanction not known)
24. Conti Roberto
2002 : in the act
25. Fontanelli Fabiano
1996 : positive control ; 2001 : blood test
26. Forconi Riccardo
1998 : positive control ; 2001 : positive control
27. Konyshev Dimitri
28. Podenzana Massimo
1986 : positive control
29. Traversoni Mario
33 years of existence, 31 cases, ie 0,94 per year
31. Ballerini Franco
1994 : positive control (no penalty) ; 1996 : positive control
32. Di Grande Giuseppe
2001 : in the act
33. Leysen Bart
34. Nardello Daniele
1999 : positive control (no penalty)
35. Peeters Wilfried
36. Steels Tom
1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty) ; 1999 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
37. Svorada Jan
38. Tafi Andrea
1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
39. Zanini Stefano
1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty) ; 2001 : in the act
18 years of existence, 20 cases, ie 1,11 per year
41. Jalabert Laurent
1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
42. Bruyneel Johan
1996 : aveux en 2023 (no penalty) ; 199x : judicial investigation
43. Diaz Justo Rafael
44. Diaz Zabala Herminio
45. Garcia Alonso Marcelino
46. Mauleon Unsuain Francesco-javier
47. Mauri-prat Melchior
48. Perez Rodriguez Luis
49. Sierra Roberto
42 years of existence, 23 cases, ie 0,55 per year
51. Boogerd Michael
2005 : confessions in 2013
52. Dekker Eric
1999 : positive control
53. Den Bakker Maarten
54. Jonker Patrick
55. Mcewen Robbie
56. Moerenhout Jacobus (koos)
57. Van Bon Leon
58. Vierhouten Aart
59. Zberg Beat
34 years of existence, 19 cases, ie 0,56 per year
61. Hamburger Bo
1993 : positive control (no penalty) ; 1995 : confessions in 2007 (no penalty) ; 1998 : confessions in 1998 (sanction not known) ; 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty) ; 1999 : positive control (no penalty) ; 1999 : laboratory inquiry (no penalty) ; 2001 : positive control ; 2003 : positive control
62. Agnolutto Christophe
63. Barthe Stéphane
1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty) ; 199x : judicial investigation (no penalty)
64. Chanteur Pascal
1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
65. Durand Jacky
1996 : positive control ; 1996 : positive control ; 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
66. Elli Alberto
2001 : in the act
67. Kirsipuu Jan
1993 : positive control (sanction not known)
68. Massi Rodolfo
1998 : in the act ; 1998 : confessions in 1998 (sanction not known)
69. Salmon Benoit
46 years of existence, 30 cases, ie 0,65 per year
71. Olano Abraham
1994 : positive control ; 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
72. Alonso Monje Marino
73. Arrieta José-luis
2001 : police investigation (sanction not known)
74. Beltran Manuel
1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty) ; 1999 : positive control (no penalty) ; 1999 : laboratory inquiry (no penalty) ; 2008 : positive control
75. Garcia Acosta Jose-vicente
76. Jimenez José Maria
199x : dead in 2003 ; 1993 : positive control (sanction not known)
77. Pena Miguel Angel
78. Rodrigues Gomes Orlando Sergio
79. Solaun Solana Cesar
2001 : police investigation (sanction not known)
67 years of existence, 76 cases, ie 1,13 per year
81. Boardman Christopher
82. Backstedt Magnus
83. Moncassin Frédéric
199x : confessions in 2000 (no penalty) ; 1998 : senate inquiry and confessions in 2013 (no penalty)
84. O'grady Stuart
1998 : senate inquiry and confessions in 2013 (no penalty)
85. Poli Eros
1986 : positive control
86. Seigneur Eddy
87. Simon François
88. Vasseur Cédric
89. Voigt Jens
91. Madouas Laurent
1994 : positive control
92. Farazijn Peter
199x : judicial investigation (no penalty)
93. Laukka Joona
94. Tchmil Andrei
95. Teteriouk Andrei
96. Van De Wouwer Kurt
97. Van Hyfte Paul
98. Verbrugghe Rik
99. Verheyen Geert
25 years of existence, 30 cases, ie 1,2 per year
101. Roux Laurent
1998 : judicial investigation (no penalty) ; 1999 : blood test ; 2001 : confessions in 2013 (no penalty) ; 2002 : unannounced positive control ; 2005 : in the act
102. Blijlevens Jeroen
1998 : judicial investigation (no penalty) ; 1999 : senate inquiry and confessions in 2013 (no penalty) ; 2001 : police investigation (sanction not known)
103. De Jongh Steven
1998 : judicial investigation and confessions
104. Ivanov Serguei
1998 : judicial investigation (no penalty) ; 2000 : blood test ; 2010 : police investigation (no penalty)
105. Knaven Servais
1998 : judicial investigation (no penalty)
106. Michaelsen Lars
1998 : judicial investigation (no penalty)
107. Ouchakov Serguei
1998 : judicial investigation (no penalty) ; 1999 : positive control
108. Van Petegem Peter
1998 : judicial investigation (no penalty)
109. Voskamp Bart
1998 : judicial investigation and confessions (no penalty)
15 years of existence, 20 cases, ie 1,33 per year
111. Cipollini Mario
1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
112. Calcaterra Giuseppe
1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
113. Donati Massimo
114. Fagnini Gianmatteo
115. Fornaciari Paolo
116. Mazzoleni Eddy
1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty) ; 2004 : in the act ; 2004 : positive control ; 2005 : police investigation
117. Mori Massimilliano
2003 : fraud
118. Piepoli Leonardo
2007 : positive control (2 times) ; 2008 : positive control (2 times)
119. Scirea Mario
2004 : in the act
29 years of existence, 13 cases, ie 0,45 per year
121. Berzin Evgueni
1997 : absence to control (no penalty) ; 2000 : blood test
122. Bouyer Franck
123. Guesdon Frédéric
124. Heulot Stéphane
1999 : police investigation (no penalty)
125. Jan Xavier
126. Magnien Emmanuel
1998 : blood control (sanction not known) ; 2000 : positive control
127. Mengin Christophe
128. Nazon Damien
129. Sciandri Maximilian
2001 : police investigation (sanction not known)
30 years of existence, 21 cases, ie 0,7 per year
131. Casagrande Francesco
1998 : positive control ; 1998 : positive control ; 2004 : positive control
132. Desbiens Laurent
1996 : positive control ; 1996 : positive control ; 1996 : positive control ; 1996 : positive control ; 1998 : confessions (sanction not known) ; 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
133. Gaumont Philippe
1996 : positive control ; 1996 : positive control ; 1996 : positive control ; 1998 : positive control (2 times) (no penalty) ; 1999 : blood test ; 2004 : confessions
134. Jalabert Nicolas
135. Julich Bobby
1996 : confessions in 2012 ; 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
136. Lelli Massimiliano
137. Livingston Kevin
1999 : judicial investigation (no penalty) ; 1997 : positive control (no penalty) ; 1999 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
138. Meier Roland
1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty) ; 2001 : positive control
139. Rinero Christophe
18 years of existence, 9 cases, ie 0,5 per year
141. Leblanc Luc
1993 : confessions in 1998 (no penalty)
142. Brasi Rossano
2000 : blood test
143. Crepaldi Mirko
2018 : police investigation (sanction not known)
144. Guidi Fabrizio
2005 : positive control (no penalty)
145. Guidi Leonardo
146. Jaksche Jörg
1999 : police investigation ; 2004 : confessions in 2015 (no penalty)
147. Martinello Silvio
148. Merckx Axel
1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
149. Sacchi Fabio
1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty) ; 2002 : in the act
3 years of existence, 5 cases, ie 1,67 per year
151. Bianchi Carlo Marino
152. Bongioni Alessio
153. Ferrari Diego
154. Pozzi Oscar
155. Roscioli Fabio
156. Schiavina Samuele
157. Sheffr Alexandre
158. Simeoni Filippo
1993 : confessions in 1999 (no penalty) ; 1996 : positive control
159. Turicchia Alain
1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
161. Blanco Gil Santiago
162. Benitez Esbri Francisco
163. Buenahora Hernan
2006 : positive control ; 2008 : positive control
164. Casero Moreno Angel-luis
1996 : positive control (no penalty)
165. Ferrigato Andrea
166. Garcia Marquina David
167. Garcia Rodriguez Francisco-tomas
2001 : positive control
168. Indurain Prudencio
169. Rincon Quintana Oliveiro
36 years of existence, 27 cases, ie 0,75 per year
171. Escartin Fernando
172. Cabello Luque Francisco
1994 : positive control (5 times)
173. Contreras Carlos-alberto
174. De Los Angeles Juan-josé
175. Gomez Gonzalo Javier
176. Gonzalez Capilla Santos
2005 : internal control (no penalty) ; 2005 : internal control (no penalty) ; 2006 : positive control
177. Rodriguez José
178. Serrano Rodriguez Marcos-antonio
1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
179. Vidal Jose-angel
17 years of existence, 20 cases, ie 1,18 per year
181. Robin Jean-cyril
199x : confessions in 2004 (sanction not known)
182. Andreu Frankie
1995 : confessions in 2006 (no penalty)
183. Baranowski Dariusz
184. Derame Pascal
185. Ekimov Vjatceslav
186. Hamilton Tyler
1997 : confessions in 2012 (sanction not known) ; 2001 : confessions in 2015 (no penalty) ; 2004 : positive control, confessions in 2011 (no penalty) ; 2004 : positive control ; 2009 : positive control and confessions in 2009
187. Hincapie George
1996 : confessions in 2012
188. Jemison Marty
199x : confessions in 2012 (no penalty)
189. Meinert-nielsen Peter
1993 : positive control
8 years of existence, 10 cases, ie 1,25 per year
191. Baldato Fabio
192. Bobrik Vladislav
193. Brignoli Ermanno
1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty) ; 2001 : in the act
194. Caruso Roberto
195. Casagranda Stefano
2000 : in the act
196. De Beni Federico
197. Minali Nicola
1997 : absence to control (no penalty) ; 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
198. Pistore Roberto
199. Spezialetti Alessandro
2004 : in the act
33 years of existence, 7 cases, ie 0,21 per year
201. Lino Pascal
1993 : positive control ; 1996 : judicial investigation and confessions (no penalty) ; 1999 : confessions in 1999
202. Auger Ludovic
203. Bordenave Philippe
204. Bourguignon Thierry
205. Djavanian Viatcheslav
206. Gouvenou Thierry
207. Lebreton Lylian
1994 : confessions in 1998 (sanction not known) ; 1996 : confessions in 1998 (sanction not known)
208. Leproux Denis
209. Sivakov Alexei
reports a rider who was sanctioned in a doping case
reports a rider pinned in our doping directory but who has not been sanctioned or whose we are not aware of the possible sanction

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