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Tour de France 1989 : the real numbers of doping |
The table below establishes, team by team, the count of the riders who have been or will be subsequently "pinned" in doping cases.
Teams | Riders | Pinned | Top 10 | Pinned | Podium | Pinned |
REYNOLDS-BANESTO | 9 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
P.D.M | 9 | 7 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
KELME | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
HELVETIA-LA SUISSE | 9 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
SUPER U | 9 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
CAFE DE COLOMBIA | 9 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Z-PEUGEOT | 9 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
B.H | 9 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
PANASONIC-ISOSTAR | 9 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
HITACHI-VTM | 9 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
7 ELEVEN-AMERICAN AIRLINES | 9 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
PATERNINA-MARCOS EGUIZABAL | 9 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
CARRERA JEANS-VAGABOND | 9 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
R.M.O-MAVIC-LIBERIA | 9 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
A.D.R-AGRIGEL-BOTTECHIA | 9 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
FAGOR | 9 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
HISTOR SIGMA-FINA | 9 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
CHATEAU D'AX | 9 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
TOSHIBA | 9 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
DOMEX-WEINMANN | 9 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
SUPERCONFEX-YOKO-OPEL | 9 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
T.V.M. | 9 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Total | 198 | 65 | 10 | 8 | 3 | 2 |
Pourcentage | 33% | 80% | 67% |
Pinned: Number of riders who violated the anti-doping rules.
Included in this category: riders who have been tested positive (including refuse to submit to doping control or hematocrit> 50%), having acknowledged having doped, having been sanctioned (by the justice, their federation or their team).
Not included (for example) : those whose sample B was negative.
Top 10: number of riders present in the top 10 of the final general classification.
Podium: number of riders present in the first 3 of the final general classification.
Other data :
Ranking source : http://www.memoire-du-cyclisme.net (31/01/2008)
reports a rider who was sanctioned in a doping case
reports a rider pinned in our doping directory but who has not been sanctioned or whose we are not aware of the possible sanction
The ranking as it would be if we excluded all racers "pinned" in doping cases during their career.
Rider | Product | Race | Year | Sanction | Control |
Rooks Steven | EPO | Tour de France | 1989 | Non | Aveux en1998 & 2009 |
The list of participants by team
45 years of existence, 29 cases, ie 0,64 per year
1. Delgado Robledo Pedro 1988 : positive control (no penalty)
2. Arnaud Dominique
3. Gorospe Artabe Julian 1984 : positive control
4. Indurain Miguel 1994 : positive control (no penalty)
5. Lukin Morantin Luis Javier
6. Mauri-prat Melchior
7. Palacios Navar. William
8. Rodriguez Magro Jesus
9. Rondon Vasquez Abelardo
7 years of existence, 16 cases, ie 2,29 per year
11. Rooks Steven 1988 : journalistic investigation (no penalty) ; 1989 : confessions in 1998 & 2009 (no penalty)
12. Alcala Gallegos Raul
13. Dhaenens Rudy 1988 : journalistic investigation (no penalty)
14. Draaijer Johannes 1990 : confessions of his wife
15. Earley Martin
16. Kelly Sean 1984 : positive control ; 1988 : positive control
17. Muller Jorg 1987 : confessions in 2007 (sanction not known) ; 1988 : journalistic investigation (no penalty)
18. Theunisse Gert-jan 1988 : positive control ; 1988 : journalistic investigation (no penalty) ; 1989 : positive control ; 1990 : positive control
19. Van Orsouw Marc 1988 : journalistic investigation (no penalty)
21. Parra Pinto Fabio
22. Gaston Crespi Inaki
23. Guijarro Domenech Manuel
24. Hernandez Riano Omar-pablo
25. Martinez Oliver Juan
26. Morales Gonzales Pedro-saul
27. Parra Humberto
28. Roncancio Hip. Raul-jose
29. Vilamajo Jaime
5 years of existence, 0 cases, ie 0 per year
31. Bauer Steve
32. Gianetti Mauro 1998 : judicial investigation (no penalty)
33. Leclercq Jean-claude
34. Manders Henri
35. Richard Pascal
36. Ruttimann Niki
37. Stevenhaagen Peter 1988 : confessions (no penalty)
38. Vichot Frederic
39. Wilson Michael
24 years of existence, 22 cases, ie 0,92 per year
41. Fignon Laurent 1984 : confessions in 2009 (no penalty) ; 1987 : positive control ; 1987 : confessions in 2009 (no penalty) ; 1989 : positive control ; 198x : confessions in 2009 (no penalty)
42. Barteau Vincent
43. Garde Dominique
44. Imboden Heinz
45. Lavainne Christophe
46. Marie Thierry
47. Riis Bjarne 198x : confessions in 2010 (no penalty) ; 1993 : confessions in 2007 ; 1995 : police investigation (no penalty)
48. Rue Gérard
49. Simon Pascal 1983 : positive control
6 years of existence, 1 case, ie 0,17 per year
51. Herrera Herrera Luis-alberto
52. Cabrera Castaneda Samuel 2004 : positive control ; 2008 : positive control
53. Cadena Villejas Julio-cesar
54. Camargo Alberto
55. Cardenas Ordus Henry
56. Ramirez Ramirez Martin-alonso
57. Richard Bernard
58. Scirea Mario 2004 : in the act
59. Worre Jesper 1992 : positive control (sanction not known)
67 years of existence, 75 cases, ie 1,12 per year
61. Boyer Eric 198x : confessions in 2005 (no penalty)
62. Casado Philippe
63. Cornillet Bruno
64. Kvalsvoll Atle
65. Lemarchand François
66. Louviot Philippe
67. Millar Robert 1992 : positive control ; 199x : confessions (no penalty)
68. Pensec Ronan
69. Simon Jérome
15 years of existence, 10 cases, ie 0,67 per year
71. Pino Counago Alvaro
72. Antequera Francisco
73. Bouvatier Philippe
74. Cubino Gonzalez Laudelino 1993 : positive control (sanction not known)
75. Echave Musatadi Federico 1995 : positive control (sanction not known)
76. Fuerte Abelenda Anselmo
77. Jusdado Ibanez Juan-carlos
78. Murguialday Javier
79. Pelier Joel 1988 : positive control
20 years of existence, 9 cases, ie 0,45 per year
81. Breukink Eric
82. De Rooy Theo 198x : confessions in 2014 (no penalty)
83. Lubberding Henk
84. Nulens Guy
85. Talen John
86. Van Poppel Jean-paul
87. Van Vliet Teun
88. Vanderaerden Eric
89. Wampers Jean-marie 1986 : positive control (sanction not known)
91. Criquielion Claude 1985 : positive control (no penalty)
92. Devos Hendrik 1987 : positive control (sanction not known)
93. De Wolf Dirk
94. Haex Jozef 1987 : positive control
95. Jacobs Patrick
96. Lieckens Jozef
97. Lippens Danny
98. Sergeant Marc 1983 : positive control ; 1985 : positive control
99. Van Aert Jos
16 years of existence, 4 cases, ie 0,25 per year
101. Hampsten Andrew
102. Dahlberg Nathan
103. Kiefel Ron
104. Knickman Roy
105. Lauritzen Dag-otto
106. Pierce Jeff
107. Veggerby Jens 1993 : positive control
108. Yates Sean 1989 : positive control (no penalty)
109. Zadrobilek Gerhard
12 years of existence, 3 cases, ie 0,25 per year
111. Lejarreta Marino 1985 : positive control
112. Beuker Rene
113. Hermans Mathieu 1989 : confessions in 2009 (no penalty)
114. Hodge Stephen 1991 : confessions in 2012
115. Leclerc Roland 1989 : positive control (sanction not known) ; 199x : confessions in 2002
116. Mujika Aramburu Jokin
117. Nijboer Erwin
118. Peeters Ludo
119. Wechselberger Helmut
21 years of existence, 11 cases, ie 0,52 per year
121. Zimmermann Urs
122. Bontempi Guido 1987 : positive control ; 1993 : police investigation
123. Cerin Primoz
124. Chiappucci Claudio 1993 : police investigation ; 1997 : blood test ; 1997 : blood test
125. Da Silva Acacio 1984 : positive control
126. Maechler Erich
127. Magnago Walter
128. Pavlic Jure
129. Perini Giancarlo 199x : judicial investigation (no penalty)
131. Mottet Charly 198x : confessions in 1989 (no penalty)
132. Caritoux Eric 1986 : police control (no penalty)
133. Claveyrolat Thierry 1986 : police control (no penalty)
134. Colotti Jean-claude
135. Jourdan Christian 1980 : positive control
136. Pedersen Per 199x : confessions in 2006 (no penalty)
137. Pineau Franck
138. Sanders Gilles
139. Vermote Michel
15 years of existence, 11 cases, ie 0,73 per year
141. Lemond Greg
142. Hoste Frank
143. Kuum Janus
144. Lammerts Johan
145. Martens René
146. Museeuw Johan 2003 : judicial investigation ; 200x : confessions in 2007 (sanction not known)
147. Planckaert Eddy 1988 : positive control ; 1991 : confessions in 1998 (no penalty)
148. Van Holen Ronny
149. Van Vooren Filip
5 years of existence, 3 cases, ie 0,6 per year
151. Roche Stephen 1993 : police investigation
152. Biondi Laurent 2005 : police investigation (no penalty)
153. Carlsen John
154. Chaubet Christian
155. Forest Robert
156. Kimmage Paul 1987 : confessions in 1990 (no penalty)
157. Lavenu Vincent
158. Rossignoli Francesco
159. Schepers Eddy 1983 : positive control (sanction not known)
161. Roosen Luc
162. De Wilde Etienne 1987 : positive control (no penalty)
163. Frison Herman
164. Lilholt Soren 199x : confessions in 2006 (no penalty)
165. Nevens Jan
166. Patry Rudy
167. Peeters Wilfried
168. Sorensen Briam-holm
169. Van Slycke Rik 1988 : positive control
171. Bugno Gianni 1994 : positive control ; 1997 : judicial investigation (no penalty) ; 1999 : in the act
172. Badolato Ettore
173. Fidanza Giovanni
174. Passera Camillo
175. Tebaldi Valerio
176. Vanotti Ennio
177. Volpi Alberto 1993 : positive control (no penalty) ; 1997 : absence to control (no penalty)
178. Vona Franco
179. Zanatta Stefano
181. Bezault Laurent
182. Gayant Martial
183. Kappes Andreas 1997 : positive control ; 2000 : positive control (no penalty)
184. Leleu Philippe
185. Madiot Marc 198x : confessions in 1987 (no penalty)
186. Madiot Yvon
187. Philipot Fabrice
188. Poisson Pascal 198x : aveux en 2021 (no penalty)
189. Roux Denis
191. Van Der Poel Adri 1983 : positive control ; 1984 : positive control ; 1988 : journalistic investigation (no penalty)
192. Achermann Alfred 1986 : police investigation (no penalty)
193. Bomans Carlo
194. Breu Beat 1979 : positive control
195. Dernies Michel
196. Ducrot Maarten 1982 : confessions in 1998 (sanction not known) ; 1990 : confessions in 1998 (sanction not known)
197. Goessens Jan
198. Robeet Patrick
199. Wegmuller Thomas
41 years of existence, 25 cases, ie 0,61 per year
201. Golz Rolf
202. Jakobs Gert 1989 : confessions in 2009 (no penalty) ; 1991 : positive control
203. Maassen Frans
204. Nijdam Jelle
205. Poels Twan
206. Segers Noël
207. Solleveld Gerrit
208. Tolhoek Patrick
209. Van Hooydonck Edwig
211. Anderson Phil 1983 : positive control
212. Capiot Johan
213. Hanegraaf Jaak
214. Kleinsman Rob
215. Pieters Peter
216. Schurer Eddy
217. Siemons Jan
218. Skibby Jesper 1990 : confessions in 2006 (no penalty) ; 1991 : confessions in 2006 (no penalty) ; 1992 : confessions in 2006 (no penalty)
219. Vandenbrande Jean-philippe
reports a rider who was sanctioned in a doping case
reports a rider pinned in our doping directory but who has not been sanctioned or whose we are not aware of the possible sanction