Tour de France 1989 : the real numbers of doping

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Last update : 06/07/2019

Statistics

The table below establishes, team by team, the count of the riders who have been or will be subsequently "pinned" in doping cases.

Teams Riders Pinned Top 10 Pinned Podium Pinned
REYNOLDS-BANESTO 9 3 1 1 1 1
P.D.M 9 7 4 3 0 0
KELME 9 0 0 0 0 0
HELVETIA-LA SUISSE 9 1 0 0 0 0
SUPER U 9 3 1 1 1 1
CAFE DE COLOMBIA 9 3 0 0 0 0
Z-PEUGEOT 9 2 1 1 0 0
B.H 9 3 0 0 0 0
PANASONIC-ISOSTAR 9 2 0 0 0 0
HITACHI-VTM 9 4 0 0 0 0
7 ELEVEN-AMERICAN AIRLINES 9 2 0 0 0 0
PATERNINA-MARCOS EGUIZABAL 9 4 1 1 0 0
CARRERA JEANS-VAGABOND 9 4 0 0 0 0
R.M.O-MAVIC-LIBERIA 9 5 1 1 0 0
A.D.R-AGRIGEL-BOTTECHIA 9 2 1 0 1 0
FAGOR 9 3 0 0 0 0
HISTOR SIGMA-FINA 9 3 0 0 0 0
CHATEAU D'AX 9 2 0 0 0 0
TOSHIBA 9 2 0 0 0 0
DOMEX-WEINMANN 9 4 0 0 0 0
SUPERCONFEX-YOKO-OPEL 9 1 0 0 0 0
T.V.M. 9 2 0 0 0 0
Total 198 62 10 8 3 2
Pourcentage 31,31% 80% 66,67%

Pinned: Number of riders who violated the anti-doping rules.
Included in this category: riders who have been tested positive (including refuse to submit to doping control or hematocrit> 50%), having acknowledged having doped, having been sanctioned (by the justice, their federation or their team).
Not included (for example) : those whose sample B was negative.
Top 10: number of riders present in the top 10 of the final general classification.
Podium: number of riders present in the first 3 of the final general classification.

Other statistics :



The official ranking

Ranking source : www.memoire-du-cyclisme.net (31/01/2008)

  1. Lemond Greg in 87h38'35''
  2. Fignon Laurent at 00'08'' - 1984 : confessions in 2009 (no penalty) ; 1987 : positive control ; 1987 : confessions in 2009 (no penalty) ; 1989 : positive control ; 198x : confessions in 2009 (no penalty)
  3. Delgado Pedro at 03'34'' - 1988 : positive control (no penalty)
  4. Theunisse Gert-jan at 07'30'' - 1988 : positive control ; 1988 : journalistic investigation (no penalty) ; 1989 : positive control ; 1990 : positive control
  5. Lejarreta Marino at 09'39'' - 1985 : positive control
  6. Mottet Charly at 10'06'' - 198x : confessions in 1989 (no penalty)
  7. Rooks Steven at 11'10'' - 1988 : journalistic investigation (no penalty) ; 1989 : confessions in 1998 & 2009 (no penalty)
  8. Alcala Gallegos Raul at 14'21''
  9. Kelly Sean at 18'25'' - 1984 : positive control ; 1988 : positive control
  10. Millar Robert at 18'46'' - 1992 : positive control
  11. Bugno Gianni at 24'12'' - 1994 : positive control ; 1997 : judicial investigation (no penalty) ; 1999 : in the act
  12. Caritoux Eric at 28'14'' - 1986 : police control (no penalty)
  13. Simon Pascal at 28'28'' - 1983 : positive control
  14. Cornillet Bruno at 28'31''
  15. Bauer Steve at 31'16''
  16. Pino Counago Alvaro at 31'17''
  17. Indurain Miguel at 31'21'' - 1994 : positive control (no penalty)
  18. Simon Jérôme at 34'10''
  19. Herrera Luis at 36'15''
  20. Camargo Alberto at 37'13''
  21. Breu Beat at 38'35'' - 1979 : positive control
  22. Hampsten Andrew at 41'41''
  23. Richard Pascal at 42'07''
  24. Philipot Fabrice at 44'43''
  25. Palacios Navarro William De Jesus at 45'42''
  26. Fuerte Abelenda Anselmo at 48'39''
  27. Roosen Luc at 51'28''
  28. Rondon Vasquez Abelardo at 53'17''
  29. Muller Jörg (sui) at 55'00'' - 1987 : confessions in 2007 (sanction not known) ; 1988 : journalistic investigation (no penalty)
  30. Arnaud Dominique at 55'23''
  31. Biondi Laurent at 1h00'41'' - 2005 : police investigation (no penalty)
  32. Gayant Martial at 1h02'33''
  33. Rodriguez Magro Jesus at 1h02'41''
  34. Madiot Marc at 1h02'46'' - 198x : confessions in 1987 (no penalty)
  35. Rue Gérard at 1h03'33''
  36. Criquielion Claude at 1h04'07'' - 1985 : positive control (no penalty)
  37. Vichot Frédéric at 1h09'25''
  38. Anderson Phil at 1h11'38'' - 1983 : positive control
  39. Ducrot Maarten at 1h14'47'' - 1982 : confessions in 1998 (sanction not known) ; 1990 : confessions in 1998 (sanction not known)
  40. Cerin Primoz at 1h16'36''
  41. Skibby Jesper at 1h18'00'' - 1990 : confessions in 2006 (no penalty) ; 1991 : confessions in 2006 (no penalty) ; 1992 : confessions in 2006 (no penalty)
  42. Wechselberger Helmut at 1h21'11''
  43. Bezault Laurent at 1h22'09''
  44. Earley Martin at 1h26'45''
  45. Yates Sean at 1h27'04'' - 1989 : positive control (no penalty)
  46. Kvalsvoll Atle at 1h27'08''
  47. Madiot Yvon at 1h27'30''
  48. Murguialday Javier at 1h27'37''
  49. Stevenhaagen Peter at 1h28'18'' - 1988 : confessions (no penalty)
  50. Robeet Patrick at 1h28'47''
  51. Garde Dominique at 1h28'53''
  52. Carlsen John at 1h30'05''
  53. Sanders Gilles at 1h31'31''
  54. Nulens Guy at 1h33'29''
  55. Lukin Morantin Luis Javier at 1h33'53''
  56. Pineau Franck at 1h33'59''
  57. Pensec Ronan at 1h35'02''
  58. Louviot Philippe at 1h36'19''
  59. Zadrobilek Gerhard at 1h37'24''
  60. Sergeant Marc at 1h38'41'' - 1983 : positive control ; 1985 : positive control
  61. Gorospe Julian at 1h39'31'' - 1984 : positive control
  62. Peeters Ludo at 1h39'58''
  63. Lavainne Christophe at 1h40'15''
  64. Lavenu Vincent at 1h41'46''
  65. De Wolf Dirk at 1h41'50''
  66. Colotti Jean-claude at 1h42'28''
  67. Leclercq Jean-claude at 1h43'26''
  68. Wilson Michael at 1h44'05''
  69. Vermote Michel at 1h46'05''
  70. Poisson Pascal at 1h47'52''
  71. Marie Thierry at 1h48'22''
  72. Kiefel Ron at 1h48'38''
  73. Pavlic Yure at 1h49'08''
  74. Forest Robert at 1h49'39''
  75. Cadena Villejas Julio-cesar at 1h49'57''
  76. Van Den Brande Jean-philippe at 1h50'24''
  77. Mujika Aramburu Jokin at 1h50'56''
  78. Chaubet Christian at 1h52'18''
  79. Achermann Alfred at 1h53'02'' - 1986 : police investigation (no penalty)
  80. Chiappucci Claudio at 1h53'04'' - 1997 : blood test ; 1997 : blood test (no penalty)
  81. Richard Bernard at 1h53'14''
  82. Hodge Stephen at 1h53'35'' - 1991 : confessions in 2012
  83. Da Silva Acacio at 1h54'16'' - 1984 : positive control
  84. Pedersen Per at 1h54'42'' - 199x : confessions in 2006 (no penalty)
  85. Pierce Jeff at 1h54'58''
  86. Van Orsouw Marc at 1h55'48'' - 1988 : journalistic investigation (no penalty)
  87. Worre Jesper at 1h57'23'' - 1992 : positive control (sanction not known)
  88. Lemarchand François at 1h58'50''
  89. Leleu Philippe at 2h00'46''
  90. Martens René at 2h01'20''
  91. Mauri Melchior at 2h01'22''
  92. Casado Philippe at 2h01'43''
  93. Passera Camillo at 2h03'10''
  94. Riis Bjarne at 2h03'37'' - 198x : confessions in 2010 (no penalty) ; 1995 : police investigation (no penalty) ; 1996 : confessions in 2007 ; 1998 : confessions in 2010 (no penalty)
  95. Kappes Andreas at 2h03'56'' - 1997 : positive control ; 2000 : positive control (no penalty)
  96. Barteau Vincent at 2h07'18''
  97. Van Slycke Rik at 2h07'29'' - 1988 : positive control
  98. Tolhoek Patrick at 2h08'06''
  99. Wegmuller Thomas at 2h09'58''
  100. De Wilde Etienne at 2h10'29'' - 1987 : positive control (no penalty)
  101. Perini Giancarlo at 2h12'09'' - 199x : judicial investigation (no penalty)
  102. Maassen Frans at 2h12'27''
  103. Manders Henri at 2h13'35''
  104. Peeters Wilfried at 2h13'38''
  105. Museeuw Johan at 2h13'51'' - 2003 : judicial investigation ; 200x : confessions in 2007 (sanction not known)
  106. Solleveld Gerrit at 2h16'56''
  107. Dernies Michel at 2h17'36''
  108. Sorensen Briam-holm at 2h18'57''
  109. Van Hooydonck Edwig at 2h19'05''
  110. Antequera Francisco at 2h20'29''
  111. Goessens Jan at 2h22'42''
  112. De Vos Hendrik at 2h22'48'' - 1987 : positive control (sanction not known)
  113. Poels Twan at 2h23'45''
  114. Gianetti Mauro at 2h24'56''
  115. Leclerc Roland at 2h25'15'' - 1989 : positive control (sanction not known) ; 199x : confessions in 2002
  116. Maechler Erich at 2h26'57''
  117. Jourdan Christian at 2h27'15'' - 1980 : positive control
  118. Lubberding Henk at 2h27'27''
  119. Siemons Jan at 2h28'00''
  120. Nijdam Jelle at 2h28'29''
  121. Tebaldi Valerio at 2h31'09''
  122. Lammerts Johan at 2h31'13''
  123. Van Vliet Teun at 2h31'22''
  124. De Rooy Theo at 2h32'32'' - 198x : confessions in 2014 (no penalty)
  125. Vanotti Ennio at 2h33'17''
  126. Fidanza Giovanni at 2h33'37''
  127. Pelier Joël at 2h33'48'' - 1988 : positive control
  128. Hanegraaf Jaak at 2h34'43''
  129. Draaijer Johannes at 2h35'02'' - 1990 : confessions of his wife
  130. Jusdado Ibanez Juan-carlos at 2h35'49''
  131. Schurer Eddy at 2h36'30''
  132. Wampers Jean-marie at 2h38'59'' - 1986 : positive control (sanction not known)
  133. Magnago Walter at 2h40'16''
  134. Beuker Rene at 2h40'49''
  135. Jakobs Gert at 2h54'16'' - 1989 : confessions in 2009 (no penalty) ; 1991 : positive control
  136. Bomans Carlo at 3h01'01''
  137. Hermans Mathieu at 3h04'01'' - 1989 : confessions in 2009 (no penalty)



The alternative ranking

The ranking as it would be if we excluded all racers "pinned" in doping cases during their career.

  1. Lemond Greg
  2. Alcala Gallegos Raul
  3. Cornillet Bruno
  4. Bauer Steve
  5. Pino Counago Alvaro
  6. Simon Jérôme
  7. Herrera Luis
  8. Camargo Alberto
  9. Hampsten Andrew
  10. Richard Pascal
  11. Philipot Fabrice
  12. Palacios Navarro William De Jesus
  13. Fuerte Abelenda Anselmo
  14. Roosen Luc
  15. Rondon Vasquez Abelardo
  16. Arnaud Dominique
  17. Gayant Martial
  18. Rodriguez Magro Jesus
  19. Rue Gérard
  20. Vichot Frédéric
  21. Cerin Primoz
  22. Wechselberger Helmut
  23. Bezault Laurent
  24. Earley Martin
  25. Kvalsvoll Atle
  26. Madiot Yvon
  27. Murguialday Javier
  28. Robeet Patrick
  29. Garde Dominique
  30. Carlsen John
  31. Sanders Gilles
  32. Nulens Guy
  33. Lukin Morantin Luis Javier
  34. Pineau Franck
  35. Pensec Ronan
  36. Louviot Philippe
  37. Zadrobilek Gerhard
  38. Peeters Ludo
  39. Lavainne Christophe
  40. Lavenu Vincent
  41. De Wolf Dirk
  42. Colotti Jean-claude
  43. Leclercq Jean-claude
  44. Wilson Michael
  45. Vermote Michel
  46. Poisson Pascal
  47. Marie Thierry
  48. Kiefel Ron
  49. Pavlic Yure
  50. Forest Robert
  51. Cadena Villejas Julio-cesar
  52. Van Den Brande Jean-philippe
  53. Mujika Aramburu Jokin
  54. Chaubet Christian
  55. Richard Bernard
  56. Pierce Jeff
  57. Lemarchand François
  58. Leleu Philippe
  59. Martens René
  60. Mauri Melchior
  61. Casado Philippe
  62. Passera Camillo
  63. Barteau Vincent
  64. Tolhoek Patrick
  65. Wegmuller Thomas
  66. Maassen Frans
  67. Manders Henri
  68. Peeters Wilfried
  69. Solleveld Gerrit
  70. Dernies Michel
  71. Sorensen Briam-holm
  72. Van Hooydonck Edwig
  73. Antequera Francisco
  74. Goessens Jan
  75. Poels Twan
  76. Gianetti Mauro
  77. Maechler Erich
  78. Lubberding Henk
  79. Siemons Jan
  80. Nijdam Jelle
  81. Tebaldi Valerio
  82. Lammerts Johan
  83. Van Vliet Teun
  84. Vanotti Ennio
  85. Fidanza Giovanni
  86. Hanegraaf Jaak
  87. Jusdado Ibanez Juan-carlos
  88. Schurer Eddy
  89. Magnago Walter
  90. Beuker Rene
  91. Bomans Carlo



The list of participants

The list of participants by team

REYNOLDS-BANESTO

40 years of existence, 29 cases, ie 0,72 per year

1. Delgado Pedro - 1988 : positive control (no penalty)
2. Arnaud Dominique
3. Gorospe Julian - 1984 : positive control
4. Indurain Miguel - 1994 : positive control (no penalty)
5. Lukin Morantin Luis Javier
6. Mauri Melchior
7. Palacios Navarro William De Jesus
8. Rodriguez Magro Jesus
9. Rondon Vasquez Abelardo

P.D.M

7 years of existence, 15 cases, ie 2,14 per year

11. Rooks Steven - 1988 : journalistic investigation (no penalty) ; 1989 : confessions in 1998 & 2009 (no penalty)
12. Alcala Gallegos Raul
13. Dhaenens Rudy - 1988 : journalistic investigation (no penalty)
14. Draaijer Johannes - 1990 : confessions of his wife
15. Earley Martin
16. Kelly Sean - 1984 : positive control ; 1988 : positive control
17. Muller Jörg (sui) - 1987 : confessions in 2007 (sanction not known) ; 1988 : journalistic investigation (no penalty)
18. Theunisse Gert-jan - 1988 : positive control ; 1988 : journalistic investigation (no penalty) ; 1989 : positive control ; 1990 : positive control
19. Van Orsouw Marc - 1988 : journalistic investigation (no penalty)

KELME

21. Parra Fabio
22. Gaston Crespi Inaki
23. Guijarro Domenech Manuel
24. Hernandez Riano Omar-pablo
25. Martinez Oliver Juan
26. Morales Gonzales Pedro-saul
27. Parra Humberto
28. Roncancio José Hipolito
29. Vilamajo Jaime

HELVETIA-LA SUISSE

31. Bauer Steve
32. Gianetti Mauro
33. Leclercq Jean-claude
34. Manders Henri
35. Richard Pascal
36. Ruttimann Niki
37. Stevenhaagen Peter - 1988 : confessions (no penalty)
38. Vichot Frédéric
39. Wilson Michael

SUPER U

24 years of existence, 21 cases, ie 0,88 per year

41. Fignon Laurent - 1984 : confessions in 2009 (no penalty) ; 1987 : positive control ; 1987 : confessions in 2009 (no penalty) ; 1989 : positive control ; 198x : confessions in 2009 (no penalty)
42. Barteau Vincent
43. Garde Dominique
44. Imboden Heinz
45. Lavainne Christophe
46. Marie Thierry
47. Riis Bjarne - 198x : confessions in 2010 (no penalty) ; 1995 : police investigation (no penalty) ; 1996 : confessions in 2007 ; 1998 : confessions in 2010 (no penalty)
48. Rue Gérard
49. Simon Pascal - 1983 : positive control

CAFE DE COLOMBIA

6 years of existence, 1 case, ie 0,17 per year

51. Herrera Luis
52. Cabrera Samuel - 2004 : positive control ; 2008 : positive control
53. Cadena Villejas Julio-cesar
54. Camargo Alberto
55. Cardenas Ordus Henry
56. Ramirez Ramirez Martin-alonso
57. Richard Bernard
58. Scirea Mario - 2004 : in the act
59. Worre Jesper - 1992 : positive control (sanction not known)

Z-PEUGEOT

64 years of existence, 73 cases, ie 1,14 per year

61. Boyer Eric - 198x : confessions in 2005 (no penalty)
62. Casado Philippe
63. Cornillet Bruno
64. Kvalsvoll Atle
65. Lemarchand François
66. Louviot Philippe
67. Millar Robert - 1992 : positive control
68. Pensec Ronan
69. Simon Jérôme

B.H

15 years of existence, 10 cases, ie 0,67 per year

71. Pino Counago Alvaro
72. Antequera Francisco
73. Bouvatier Philippe
74. Cubino Laudelino - 1993 : positive control (sanction not known)
75. Echave Musatadi Federico - 1995 : positive control (sanction not known)
76. Fuerte Abelenda Anselmo
77. Jusdado Ibanez Juan-carlos
78. Murguialday Javier
79. Pelier Joël - 1988 : positive control

PANASONIC-ISOSTAR

81. Breukink Erik
82. De Rooy Theo - 198x : confessions in 2014 (no penalty)
83. Lubberding Henk
84. Nulens Guy
85. Talen John
86. Van Poppel Jean-paul
87. Van Vliet Teun
88. Vanderaerden Eric
89. Wampers Jean-marie - 1986 : positive control (sanction not known)

HITACHI-VTM

91. Criquielion Claude - 1985 : positive control (no penalty)
92. De Vos Hendrik - 1987 : positive control (sanction not known)
93. De Wolf Dirk
94. Haex Jozef - 1987 : positive control
95. Jacobs Patrick
96. Lieckens Jozef
97. Lippens Danny
98. Sergeant Marc - 1983 : positive control ; 1985 : positive control
99. Van Aert Jos

7 ELEVEN-AMERICAN AIRLINES

16 years of existence, 4 cases, ie 0,25 per year

101. Hampsten Andrew
102. Dahlberg Nathan
103. Kiefel Ron
104. Knickman Roy
105. Lauritzen Dag-otto
106. Pierce Jeff
107. Veggerby Jens - 1993 : positive control
108. Yates Sean - 1989 : positive control (no penalty)
109. Zadrobilek Gerhard

PATERNINA-MARCOS EGUIZABAL

12 years of existence, 3 cases, ie 0,25 per year

111. Lejarreta Marino - 1985 : positive control
112. Beuker Rene
113. Hermans Mathieu - 1989 : confessions in 2009 (no penalty)
114. Hodge Stephen - 1991 : confessions in 2012
115. Leclerc Roland - 1989 : positive control (sanction not known) ; 199x : confessions in 2002
116. Mujika Aramburu Jokin
117. Nijboer Erwin
118. Peeters Ludo
119. Wechselberger Helmut

CARRERA JEANS-VAGABOND

21 years of existence, 5 cases, ie 0,24 per year

121. Zimmermann Urs
122. Bontempi Guido - 1987 : positive control
123. Cerin Primoz
124. Chiappucci Claudio - 1997 : blood test ; 1997 : blood test (no penalty)
125. Da Silva Acacio - 1984 : positive control
126. Maechler Erich
127. Magnago Walter
128. Pavlic Yure
129. Perini Giancarlo - 199x : judicial investigation (no penalty)

R.M.O-MAVIC-LIBERIA

131. Mottet Charly - 198x : confessions in 1989 (no penalty)
132. Caritoux Eric - 1986 : police control (no penalty)
133. Claveyrolat Thierry - 1986 : police control (no penalty)
134. Colotti Jean-claude
135. Jourdan Christian - 1980 : positive control
136. Pedersen Per - 199x : confessions in 2006 (no penalty)
137. Pineau Franck
138. Sanders Gilles
139. Vermote Michel

A.D.R-AGRIGEL-BOTTECHIA

15 years of existence, 11 cases, ie 0,73 per year

141. Lemond Greg
142. Hoste Frank
143. Kuum Janus
144. Lammerts Johan
145. Martens René
146. Museeuw Johan - 2003 : judicial investigation ; 200x : confessions in 2007 (sanction not known)
147. Planckaert Eddy - 1988 : positive control ; 1991 : confessions in 1998 (sanction not known)
148. Van Holen Ronny
149. Van Vooren Filip

FAGOR

5 years of existence, 3 cases, ie 0,6 per year

151. Roche Stephen
152. Biondi Laurent - 2005 : police investigation (no penalty)
153. Carlsen John
154. Chaubet Christian
155. Forest Robert
156. Kimmage Paul - 1987 : confessions in 1990 (no penalty)
157. Lavenu Vincent
158. Rossignoli Francesco
159. Schepers Eddy - 1983 : positive control (sanction not known)

HISTOR SIGMA-FINA

161. Roosen Luc
162. De Wilde Etienne - 1987 : positive control (no penalty)
163. Frison Herman
164. Lilholt Soren - 199x : confessions in 2006 (no penalty)
165. Nevens Jan
166. Patry Rudy
167. Peeters Wilfried
168. Sorensen Briam-holm
169. Van Slycke Rik - 1988 : positive control

CHATEAU D'AX

171. Bugno Gianni - 1994 : positive control ; 1997 : judicial investigation (no penalty) ; 1999 : in the act
172. Badolato Ettore
173. Fidanza Giovanni
174. Passera Camillo
175. Tebaldi Valerio
176. Vanotti Ennio
177. Volpi Alberto - 1993 : positive control (no penalty)
178. Vona Franco
179. Zanatta Stefano

TOSHIBA

181. Bezault Laurent
182. Gayant Martial
183. Kappes Andreas - 1997 : positive control ; 2000 : positive control (no penalty)
184. Leleu Philippe
185. Madiot Marc - 198x : confessions in 1987 (no penalty)
186. Madiot Yvon
187. Philipot Fabrice
188. Poisson Pascal
189. Roux Denis

DOMEX-WEINMANN

191. Van Der Poel Adrie - 1983 : positive control ; 1984 : positive control ; 1988 : journalistic investigation (no penalty)
192. Achermann Alfred - 1986 : police investigation (no penalty)
193. Bomans Carlo
194. Breu Beat - 1979 : positive control
195. Dernies Michel
196. Ducrot Maarten - 1982 : confessions in 1998 (sanction not known) ; 1990 : confessions in 1998 (sanction not known)
197. Goessens Jan
198. Robeet Patrick
199. Wegmuller Thomas

SUPERCONFEX-YOKO-OPEL

36 years of existence, 14 cases, ie 0,39 per year

201. Golz Rolf
202. Jakobs Gert - 1989 : confessions in 2009 (no penalty) ; 1991 : positive control
203. Maassen Frans
204. Nijdam Jelle
205. Poels Twan
206. Segers Noël
207. Solleveld Gerrit
208. Tolhoek Patrick
209. Van Hooydonck Edwig

T.V.M.

211. Anderson Phil - 1983 : positive control
212. Capiot Johan
213. Hanegraaf Jaak
214. Kleinsman Rob
215. Pieters Peter
216. Schurer Eddy
217. Siemons Jan
218. Skibby Jesper - 1990 : confessions in 2006 (no penalty) ; 1991 : confessions in 2006 (no penalty) ; 1992 : confessions in 2006 (no penalty)
219. Van Den Brande Jean-philippe



See also