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Tour de France 1989 : the real numbers of doping |
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The table below establishes, team by team, the count of the riders who have been or will be subsequently "pinned" in doping cases.
Teams | Riders | Pinned | Top 10 | Pinned | Podium | Pinned |
REYNOLDS-BANESTO | 9 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
P.D.M | 9 | 7 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
KELME | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
HELVETIA-LA SUISSE | 9 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
SUPER U | 9 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
CAFE DE COLOMBIA | 9 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Z-PEUGEOT | 9 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
B.H | 9 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
PANASONIC-ISOSTAR | 9 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
HITACHI-VTM | 9 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
7 ELEVEN-AMERICAN AIRLINES | 9 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
PATERNINA-MARCOS EGUIZABAL | 9 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
CARRERA JEANS-VAGABOND | 9 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
R.M.O-MAVIC-LIBERIA | 9 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
A.D.R-AGRIGEL-BOTTECHIA | 9 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
FAGOR | 9 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
HISTOR SIGMA-FINA | 9 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
CHATEAU D'AX | 9 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
TOSHIBA | 9 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
DOMEX-WEINMANN | 9 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
SUPERCONFEX-YOKO-OPEL | 9 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
T.V.M. | 9 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Total | 198 | 64 | 10 | 8 | 3 | 2 |
Pourcentage | 32% | 80% | 67% |
Pinned: Number of riders who violated the anti-doping rules.
Included in this category: riders who have been tested positive (including refuse to submit to doping control or hematocrit> 50%), having acknowledged having doped, having been sanctioned (by the justice, their federation or their team).
Not included (for example) : those whose sample B was negative.
Top 10: number of riders present in the top 10 of the final general classification.
Podium: number of riders present in the first 3 of the final general classification.
Other data :
Ranking source : www.memoire-du-cyclisme.net (31/01/2008)
The ranking as it would be if we excluded all racers "pinned" in doping cases during their career.
The list of participants by team
43 years of existence, 29 cases, ie 0,67 per year
1. Delgado Pedro - 1988 : positive control (no penalty)
2. Arnaud Dominique
3. Gorospe Julian - 1984 : positive control
4. Indurain Miguel - 1994 : positive control (no penalty)
5. Lukin Morantin Luis Javier
6. Mauri Melchior
7. Palacios Navarro William De Jesus
8. Rodriguez Magro Jesus
9. Rondon Vasquez Abelardo
7 years of existence, 15 cases, ie 2,14 per year
11. Rooks Steven - 1988 : journalistic investigation (no penalty) ; 1989 : confessions in 1998 & 2009 (no penalty)
12. Alcala Gallegos Raul
13. Dhaenens Rudy - 1988 : journalistic investigation (no penalty)
14. Draaijer Johannes - 1990 : confessions of his wife
15. Earley Martin
16. Kelly Sean - 1984 : positive control ; 1988 : positive control
17. Muller Jörg (sui) - 1987 : confessions in 2007 (sanction not known) ; 1988 : journalistic investigation (no penalty)
18. Theunisse Gert-jan - 1988 : positive control ; 1988 : journalistic investigation (no penalty) ; 1989 : positive control ; 1990 : positive control
19. Van Orsouw Marc - 1988 : journalistic investigation (no penalty)
21. Parra Fabio
22. Gaston Crespi Inaki
23. Guijarro Domenech Manuel
24. Hernandez Riano Omar-pablo
25. Martinez Oliver Juan
26. Morales Gonzales Pedro-saul
27. Parra Humberto
28. Roncancio José Hipolito
29. Vilamajo Jaime
31. Bauer Steve
32. Gianetti Mauro - 1998 : judicial investigation (no penalty)
33. Leclercq Jean-claude
34. Manders Henri
35. Richard Pascal
36. Ruttimann Niki
37. Stevenhaagen Peter - 1988 : confessions (no penalty)
38. Vichot Frédéric
39. Wilson Michael
24 years of existence, 21 cases, ie 0,88 per year
41. Fignon Laurent - 1984 : confessions in 2009 (no penalty) ; 1987 : positive control ; 1987 : confessions in 2009 (no penalty) ; 1989 : positive control ; 198x : confessions in 2009 (no penalty)
42. Barteau Vincent
43. Garde Dominique
44. Imboden Heinz
45. Lavainne Christophe
46. Marie Thierry
47. Riis Bjarne - 198x : confessions in 2010 (no penalty) ; 1995 : police investigation (no penalty) ; 1996 : confessions in 2007 ; 1998 : confessions in 2010 (no penalty)
48. Rue Gérard
49. Simon Pascal - 1983 : positive control
6 years of existence, 1 case, ie 0,17 per year
51. Herrera Luis
52. Cabrera Samuel - 2004 : positive control ; 2008 : positive control
53. Cadena Villejas Julio-cesar
54. Camargo Alberto
55. Cardenas Ordus Henry
56. Ramirez Ramirez Martin-alonso
57. Richard Bernard
58. Scirea Mario - 2004 : in the act
59. Worre Jesper - 1992 : positive control (sanction not known)
67 years of existence, 75 cases, ie 1,12 per year
61. Boyer Eric - 198x : confessions in 2005 (no penalty)
62. Casado Philippe
63. Cornillet Bruno
64. Kvalsvoll Atle
65. Lemarchand François
66. Louviot Philippe
67. Millar Robert - 1992 : positive control ; 199x : confessions (no penalty)
68. Pensec Ronan
69. Simon Jérôme
71. Pino Counago Alvaro
72. Antequera Francisco
73. Bouvatier Philippe
74. Cubino Laudelino - 1993 : positive control (sanction not known)
75. Echave Musatadi Federico - 1995 : positive control (sanction not known)
76. Fuerte Abelenda Anselmo
77. Jusdado Ibanez Juan-carlos
78. Murguialday Javier
79. Pelier Joël - 1988 : positive control
81. Breukink Erik
82. De Rooy Theo - 198x : confessions in 2014 (no penalty)
83. Lubberding Henk
84. Nulens Guy
85. Talen John
86. Van Poppel Jean-paul
87. Van Vliet Teun
88. Vanderaerden Eric
89. Wampers Jean-marie - 1986 : positive control (sanction not known)
91. Criquielion Claude - 1985 : positive control (no penalty)
92. De Vos Hendrik - 1987 : positive control (sanction not known)
93. De Wolf Dirk
94. Haex Jozef - 1987 : positive control
95. Jacobs Patrick
96. Lieckens Jozef
97. Lippens Danny
98. Sergeant Marc - 1983 : positive control ; 1985 : positive control
99. Van Aert Jos
101. Hampsten Andrew
102. Dahlberg Nathan
103. Kiefel Ron
104. Knickman Roy
105. Lauritzen Dag-otto
106. Pierce Jeff
107. Veggerby Jens - 1993 : positive control
108. Yates Sean - 1989 : positive control (no penalty)
109. Zadrobilek Gerhard
12 years of existence, 3 cases, ie 0,25 per year
111. Lejarreta Marino - 1985 : positive control
112. Beuker Rene
113. Hermans Mathieu - 1989 : confessions in 2009 (no penalty)
114. Hodge Stephen - 1991 : confessions in 2012
115. Leclerc Roland - 1989 : positive control (sanction not known) ; 199x : confessions in 2002
116. Mujika Aramburu Jokin
117. Nijboer Erwin
118. Peeters Ludo
119. Wechselberger Helmut
121. Zimmermann Urs
122. Bontempi Guido - 1987 : positive control
123. Cerin Primoz
124. Chiappucci Claudio - 1997 : blood test ; 1997 : blood test
125. Da Silva Acacio - 1984 : positive control
126. Maechler Erich
127. Magnago Walter
128. Pavlic Yure
129. Perini Giancarlo - 199x : judicial investigation (no penalty)
131. Mottet Charly - 198x : confessions in 1989 (no penalty)
132. Caritoux Eric - 1986 : police control (no penalty)
133. Claveyrolat Thierry - 1986 : police control (no penalty)
134. Colotti Jean-claude
135. Jourdan Christian - 1980 : positive control
136. Pedersen Per - 199x : confessions in 2006 (no penalty)
137. Pineau Franck
138. Sanders Gilles
139. Vermote Michel
141. Lemond Greg
142. Hoste Frank
143. Kuum Janus
144. Lammerts Johan
145. Martens René
146. Museeuw Johan - 2003 : judicial investigation ; 200x : confessions in 2007 (sanction not known)
147. Planckaert Eddy - 1988 : positive control ; 1991 : confessions in 1998 (no penalty)
148. Van Holen Ronny
149. Van Vooren Filip
5 years of existence, 3 cases, ie 0,6 per year
151. Roche Stephen
152. Biondi Laurent - 2005 : police investigation (no penalty)
153. Carlsen John
154. Chaubet Christian
155. Forest Robert
156. Kimmage Paul - 1987 : confessions in 1990 (no penalty)
157. Lavenu Vincent
158. Rossignoli Francesco
159. Schepers Eddy - 1983 : positive control (sanction not known)
161. Roosen Luc
162. De Wilde Etienne - 1987 : positive control (no penalty)
163. Frison Herman
164. Lilholt Soren - 199x : confessions in 2006 (no penalty)
165. Nevens Jan
166. Patry Rudy
167. Peeters Wilfried
168. Sorensen Briam-holm
169. Van Slycke Rik - 1988 : positive control
171. Bugno Gianni - 1994 : positive control ; 1997 : judicial investigation (no penalty) ; 1999 : in the act
172. Badolato Ettore
173. Fidanza Giovanni
174. Passera Camillo
175. Tebaldi Valerio
176. Vanotti Ennio
177. Volpi Alberto - 1993 : positive control (no penalty) ; 1997 : absence to control (no penalty)
178. Vona Franco
179. Zanatta Stefano
181. Bezault Laurent
182. Gayant Martial
183. Kappes Andreas - 1997 : positive control ; 2000 : positive control (no penalty)
184. Leleu Philippe
185. Madiot Marc - 198x : confessions in 1987 (no penalty)
186. Madiot Yvon
187. Philipot Fabrice
188. Poisson Pascal - 198x : aveux en 2021 (no penalty)
189. Roux Denis
191. Van Der Poel Adrie - 1983 : positive control ; 1984 : positive control ; 1988 : journalistic investigation (no penalty)
192. Achermann Alfred - 1986 : police investigation (no penalty)
193. Bomans Carlo
194. Breu Beat - 1979 : positive control
195. Dernies Michel
196. Ducrot Maarten - 1982 : confessions in 1998 (sanction not known) ; 1990 : confessions in 1998 (sanction not known)
197. Goessens Jan
198. Robeet Patrick
199. Wegmuller Thomas
39 years of existence, 24 cases, ie 0,62 per year
201. Golz Rolf
202. Jakobs Gert - 1989 : confessions in 2009 (no penalty) ; 1991 : positive control
203. Maassen Frans
204. Nijdam Jelle
205. Poels Twan
206. Segers Noël
207. Solleveld Gerrit
208. Tolhoek Patrick
209. Van Hooydonck Edwig
211. Anderson Phil - 1983 : positive control
212. Capiot Johan
213. Hanegraaf Jaak
214. Kleinsman Rob
215. Pieters Peter
216. Schurer Eddy
217. Siemons Jan
218. Skibby Jesper - 1990 : confessions in 2006 (no penalty) ; 1991 : confessions in 2006 (no penalty) ; 1992 : confessions in 2006 (no penalty)
219. Van Den Brande Jean-philippe