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Tour de France 1986 : the real numbers of doping |
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The table below establishes, team by team, the count of the riders who have been or will be subsequently "pinned" in doping cases.
Teams | Riders | Pinned | Top 10 | Pinned | Podium | Pinned |
LA VIE CLAIRE-WONDER-RADAR | 10 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 1 |
CARRERA JEANS | 10 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
KAS-MAVIC | 10 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
PANASONIC | 10 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
SYSTEME U | 10 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
P.D.M | 10 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
CAFE DE COLOMBIA | 10 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
T.S BATTERIES-REYNOLDS | 10 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
PEUGEOT-SHELL | 10 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
KWANTUM-HALLEN-DECOSOL | 10 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
JOKER-EMERXIL-EDDY MERCKX | 10 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
HITACHI-MARC-SPLENDOR | 10 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
ZOR-B.H | 10 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
FAGOR | 10 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
RMO-MERAL-MAVIC | 10 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
POSTOBON | 10 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
SEAT-ORBEA | 10 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
GIS GELATI-OECE | 10 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
TEKA | 10 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
MALVOR | 10 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
ELEVEN-HOONVED | 10 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Total | 210 | 65 | 10 | 3 | 3 | 1 |
Pourcentage | 31% | 30% | 33% |
Pinned: Number of riders who violated the anti-doping rules.
Included in this category: riders who have been tested positive (including refuse to submit to doping control or hematocrit> 50%), having acknowledged having doped, having been sanctioned (by the justice, their federation or their team).
Not included (for example) : those whose sample B was negative.
Top 10: number of riders present in the top 10 of the final general classification.
Podium: number of riders present in the first 3 of the final general classification.
Other data :
Ranking source : www.memoire-du-cyclisme.net (31/01/2008)
The ranking as it would be if we excluded all racers "pinned" in doping cases during their career.
The list of participants by team
8 years of existence, 8 cases, ie 1 per year
1. Hinault Bernard - 1982 : absence to control (no penalty)
2. Bauer Steve
3. Bérard Charly - 1978 : positive control ; 1987 : positive control
4. Bernard Jean-françois
5. Hampsten Andrew
6. Leleu Philippe
7. Lemond Greg
8. Ruttimann Niki
9. Vigneron Alain
10. Winterberg Guido
11. Roche Stephen
12. Bontempi Guido - 1987 : positive control
13. Breu Beat - 1979 : positive control
14. Cassani Davide
15. Leali Bruno - 2010 : police investigation
16. Maechler Erich
17. Pedersen Jorgen-vagn
18. Rossignoli Francesco
19. Schepers Eddy - 1983 : positive control (sanction not known)
20. Zimmermann Urs
21. Muller Jörg (sui) - 1987 : confessions in 2007 (sanction not known) ; 1988 : journalistic investigation (no penalty)
22. Esnault Patrice
23. Garde Dominique
24. Garde Jean-claude
25. Gaston Crespi Inaki
26. Guyot Eric
27. Leclercq Jean-claude
28. Pelier Joël - 1988 : positive control
29. Vandenbroucke Jean-luc - 1976 : positive control ; 1976 : positive control ; 1976 : positive control (sanction not known) ; 1978 : positive control and confessions in 1978 (no penalty)
30. Vichot Frédéric
20 years of existence, 9 cases, ie 0,45 per year
31. Millar Robert - 1992 : positive control ; 199x : confessions (no penalty)
32. Anderson Phil - 1983 : positive control
33. Lammertink Jos
34. Lubberding Henk
35. Nulens Guy
36. Planckaert Eddy - 1988 : positive control ; 1991 : confessions in 1998 (no penalty)
37. Vanderaerden Eric
38. Van Der Velde Johann - 1981 : positive control ; 198x : confessions in 1990 (sanction not known)
39. Van Lancker Eric
40. Winnen Peter - 1986 : confessions in 1998 (no penalty)
41. Fignon Laurent - 1984 : confessions in 2009 (no penalty) ; 1987 : positive control ; 1987 : confessions in 2009 (no penalty) ; 1989 : positive control ; 198x : confessions in 2009 (no penalty)
42. Biondi Laurent - 2005 : police investigation (no penalty)
43. Bondue Alain
44. Boyer Eric - 198x : confessions in 2005 (no penalty)
45. Gaigne Dominique
46. Gavillet Bernard - 198x : confessions (sanction not known)
47. Lavainne Christophe
48. Madiot Yvon
49. Marie Thierry
50. Mottet Charly - 198x : confessions in 1989 (no penalty)
7 years of existence, 15 cases, ie 2,14 per year
51. Delgado Pedro - 1988 : positive control (no penalty)
52. Arras Wim - 1987 : positive control (sanction not known)
53. Boeve Henk
54. Knetemann Gerrie - 1974 : positive control (no penalty) ; 1977 : positive control (no penalty)
55. Rooks Steven - 1988 : journalistic investigation (no penalty) ; 1989 : confessions in 1998 & 2009 (no penalty)
56. Siemons Jan
57. Stevenhaagen Peter - 1988 : confessions (no penalty)
58. Van Orsouw Marc - 1988 : journalistic investigation (no penalty)
59. Van Wijk Jan
60. Veldscholten Gérard
6 years of existence, 1 case, ie 0,17 per year
61. Herrera Luis
62. Acevedo Porras Rafael-antonik
63. Corredor Alvarez Edgar
64. Florez Ortiz Alfonso - 1981 : positive control
65. Jimenez Bautista José-patrocinio
66. Leon Castro Marco-antonio
67. Lopez Alfonso
68. Parra Fabio
69. Rondon Vasquez Abelardo
70. Soler Pedro-josé
71. Laguia Martinez José-luis - 1983 : positive control
72. Arnaud Dominique
73. Cabrera Samuel - 2004 : positive control ; 2008 : positive control
74. Gomez Marc - 198x : confessions in 1983 (no penalty)
75. Gorospe Julian - 1984 : positive control
76. Greciano Anastasio
77. Hernandez Carlos
78. Hernandez Ubeda Jesus
79. Indurain Miguel - 1994 : positive control (no penalty)
80. Prieto Celestino
67 years of existence, 75 cases, ie 1,12 per year
81. Simon Pascal - 1983 : positive control
82. Brun Frédéric
83. Cornillet Bruno
84. Duclos-lassalle Gilbert - 1989 : absence to control (no penalty)
85. Forest Robert
86. Glaus Gilbert - 1978 : positive control (no penalty)
87. Lauritzen Dag-otto
88. Louvel Eric
89. Pensec Ronan
90. Yates Sean - 1989 : positive control (no penalty)
39 years of existence, 24 cases, ie 0,62 per year
91. Zoetemelk Joop - 1976 : confessions in 1977 (no penalty) ; 1977 : positive control ; 1978 : confessions in 1979 (no penalty) ; 1979 : positive control ; 1983 : positive control
92. Ducrot Maarten - 1982 : confessions in 1998 (sanction not known) ; 1990 : confessions in 1998 (sanction not known)
93. Emonds Nico - 1990 : positive control ; 1995 : positive control
94. Nijdam Jelle
95. Peeters Ludo
96. Poels Twan
97. Priem Cees - 1998 : in the act
98. Roosen Luc
99. Solleveld Gerrit
100. Van Der Poel Adrie - 1983 : positive control ; 1984 : positive control ; 1988 : journalistic investigation (no penalty)
101. Sergeant Marc - 1983 : positive control ; 1985 : positive control
102. Bomans Carlo
103. Dernies Michel
104. Haghedooren Paul - 1988 : positive control (no penalty) ; 1990 : positive control (no penalty)
105. Lieckens Jozef
106. Lurquin André
107. Mckenzie Eric - 1982 : positive control
108. Nevens Jan
109. Van Eynde Willem
110. Van Holen Ronny
15 years of existence, 7 cases, ie 0,47 per year
111. Criquielion Claude - 1985 : positive control (no penalty)
112. Delaurier Philippe
113. De Vos Hendrik - 1987 : positive control (sanction not known)
114. De Wolf Dirk
115. Dhaenens Rudy - 1988 : journalistic investigation (no penalty)
116. Haex Jozef - 1987 : positive control
117. Morjean Stefan
118. Rogiers Rudy
119. Van Den Brande Jean-philippe
120. Wijnants Jan
121. Pino Counago Alvaro
122. Antequera Francisco
123. Bouvatier Philippe
124. Camarillo Angel
125. Fernandez Juan
126. Fuerte Abelenda Anselmo
127. Rodriguez Francisco - 1981 : positive control (2 times)
128. Rodriguez Carbalid Jesus
129. Rozas Salgado Juan-carlos
130. Van Calster Guido - 1986 : positive control
5 years of existence, 3 cases, ie 0,6 per year
131. Caritoux Eric - 1986 : police control (no penalty)
132. Bagot Jean-claude
133. Bernaudeau Jean-rené - 1982 : absence to control (no penalty) ; 1985 : confessions in 1990 (no penalty) ; 1986 : absence to control (sanction not known)
134. Bohorquez Ortega Argemiro
135. Earley Martin
136. Hoste Frank
137. Lemarchand François
138. Munoz Pedro - 1982 : positive control ; 1984 : positive control
139. Ramirez Ramirez Martin-alonso
140. Verschuere Pol
141. Claveyrolat Thierry - 1986 : police control (no penalty)
142. Barteau Vincent
143. Castaing Francis - 1986 : police investigation ; 1987 : positive control ; 198x : confessions in 1999 (no penalty)
144. Chappuis André - 1986 : testimony (no penalty)
145. Gauthier Jean-louis
146. Huger Bruno
147. Kimmage Paul - 1987 : confessions in 1990 (no penalty)
148. Mas Gilles
149. Simon Régis
150. Vallet Bernard - 1982 : absence to control
151. Hernandez Riano Omar-pablo
152. Acosta Arias Raul
153. Corredor Fonseca Israel
154. Jaramillo Meza Carlos-maria
155. Jaramillo Sergio
156. Londono Antonio
157. Moncada Guiza Gerardo
158. Montoya Reynel - 1991 : positive control (sanction not known)
159. Mora Zarate Nestor
160. Uran Heriberto
161. Lejarreta Marino - 1985 : positive control
162. Esparza Sanz Antonio
163. Hermans Mathieu - 1989 : confessions in 2009 (no penalty)
164. Jules Pascal
165. Mujika Aramburu Jokin
166. Nijboer Erwin
167. Ridaura Sebastian Vicente-juan
168. Ruiz Cabestany Pello
169. Sanchis Tormo Jose-salvador
170. Vilamajo Jaime
27 years of existence, 13 cases, ie 0,48 per year
171. Contini Silvano - 1987 : positive control
172. Giovannetti Marco
173. Magnago Walter
174. Masciarelli Palmiro
175. Petito Giuseppe
176. Polini Marino
177. Pozzi Alessandro 1
178. Salvador Ennio
179. Salvietti Graziano
180. Vanotti Ennio
181. Dietzen Raimund - 1987 : in the act (sanction not known)
182. Agudelo Gomez Jose-antonio
183. Aja Enrique
184. Arenas Reyes Guillermo
185. Blanco Villar Jesus
186. Cardenas Espitia Manuel
187. Chozas Eduardo
188. Echave Musatadi Federico - 1995 : positive control (sanction not known)
189. Gutierrez Gutierrez Alfonso
190. Sarrapio Angel-josé
16 years of existence, 2 cases, ie 0,13 per year
191. Beccia Mario
192. Allocchio Stefano
193. Bincoletto Pierangelo
194. Cerin Primoz
195. Da Silva Acacio - 1984 : positive control
196. Dill-bundi Robert
197. Ferraro Renan
198. Furlan Luigi
199. Pagnin Roberto
200. Piccolo Renato
201. Grewal Alexi - 1984 : positive control (no penalty) ; 1992 : positive control
202. Alcala Gallegos Raul
203. Carmichael Chris
204. Heiden Eric
205. Kiefel Ron
206. Phinney Davis
207. Pierce Jeff
208. Roll Bob
209. Shapiro Douglas Craig
210. Stieda Alex