Tour de France 1986 : the real numbers of doping

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Last update : 15/08/2021

Statistics

The table below establishes, team by team, the count of the riders who have been or will be subsequently "pinned" in doping cases.

Teams Riders Pinned Top 10 Pinned Podium Pinned
LA VIE CLAIRE-WONDER-RADAR 10 2 4 1 2 1
CARRERA JEANS 10 4 1 0 1 0
KAS-MAVIC 10 3 0 0 0 0
PANASONIC 10 5 0 0 0 0
SYSTEME U 10 5 1 0 0 0
P.D.M 10 6 1 1 0 0
CAFE DE COLOMBIA 10 1 0 0 0 0
T.S BATTERIES-REYNOLDS 10 5 0 0 0 0
PEUGEOT-SHELL 10 4 1 0 0 0
KWANTUM-HALLEN-DECOSOL 10 5 0 0 0 0
JOKER-EMERXIL-EDDY MERCKX 10 3 0 0 0 0
HITACHI-MARC-SPLENDOR 10 4 1 1 0 0
ZOR-B.H 10 2 1 0 0 0
FAGOR 10 3 0 0 0 0
RMO-MERAL-MAVIC 10 5 0 0 0 0
POSTOBON 10 1 0 0 0 0
SEAT-ORBEA 10 2 0 0 0 0
GIS GELATI-OECE 10 1 0 0 0 0
TEKA 10 2 0 0 0 0
MALVOR 10 1 0 0 0 0
ELEVEN-HOONVED 10 1 0 0 0 0
Total 210 65 10 3 3 1
Pourcentage 31% 30% 33%

Pinned: Number of riders who violated the anti-doping rules.
Included in this category: riders who have been tested positive (including refuse to submit to doping control or hematocrit> 50%), having acknowledged having doped, having been sanctioned (by the justice, their federation or their team).
Not included (for example) : those whose sample B was negative.
Top 10: number of riders present in the top 10 of the final general classification.
Podium: number of riders present in the first 3 of the final general classification.

Other data :



The official ranking

Ranking source : www.memoire-du-cyclisme.net (31/01/2008)

  1. Lemond Greg in 110h35'19''
  2. Hinault Bernard at 0h03'10'' - 1982 : absence to control (no penalty)
  3. Zimmermann Urs at 0h10'54''
  4. Hampsten Andrew at 0h18'44''
  5. Criquielion Claude at 0h24'36'' - 1985 : positive control (no penalty)
  6. Pensec Ronan at 0h25'59''
  7. Ruttimann Niki at 0h30'52''
  8. Pino Counago Alvaro at 0h33'00''
  9. Rooks Steven at 0h33'22'' - 1988 : journalistic investigation (no penalty) ; 1989 : confessions in 1998 & 2009 (no penalty)
  10. Madiot Yvon at 0h33'27''
  11. Bernard Jean-françois at 0h35'45''
  12. Simon Pascal at 0h37'44'' - 1983 : positive control
  13. Chozas Eduardo at 0h38'48''
  14. Montoya Reynel at 0h45'36'' - 1991 : positive control (sanction not known)
  15. Mottet Charly at 0h45'58'' - 198x : confessions in 1989 (no penalty)
  16. Claveyrolat Thierry at 0h46'00'' - 1986 : police control (no penalty)
  17. Lejarreta Marino at 0h49'09'' - 1985 : positive control
  18. Bagot Jean-claude at 0h51'38''
  19. Caritoux Eric at 0h52'39'' - 1986 : police control (no penalty)
  20. Jimenez Bautista José-patrocinio at 0h55'42''
  21. Herrera Luis at 0h56'00''
  22. Bauer Steve at 0h56'02''
  23. Zoetemelk Joop at 0h57'04'' - 1976 : confessions in 1977 (no penalty) ; 1977 : positive control ; 1978 : confessions in 1979 (no penalty) ; 1979 : positive control ; 1983 : positive control
  24. Blanco Villar Jesus at 1h03'16''
  25. Bernaudeau Jean-rené at 1h03'56'' - 1982 : absence to control (no penalty) ; 1985 : confessions in 1990 (no penalty) ; 1986 : absence to control (sanction not known)
  26. Florez Ortiz Alfonso at 1h05'54'' - 1981 : positive control
  27. Gavillet Bernard at 1h08'17'' - 198x : confessions (sanction not known)
  28. Stevenhaagen Peter at 1h10'40'' - 1988 : confessions (no penalty)
  29. Mujika Aramburu Jokin at 1h11'01''
  30. Fuerte Abelenda Anselmo at 1h12'13''
  31. Cerin Primoz at 1h14'40''
  32. Agudelo Gomez Jose-antonio at 1h15'13''
  33. Lauritzen Dag-otto at 1h15'47''
  34. Forest Robert at 1h16'19''
  35. Ruiz Cabestany Pello at 1h16'22''
  36. Schepers Eddy at 1h18'20'' - 1983 : positive control (sanction not known)
  37. Echave Musatadi Federico at 1h18'53'' - 1995 : positive control (sanction not known)
  38. Anderson Phil at 1h19'41'' - 1983 : positive control
  39. Rodriguez Carbalid Jesus at 1h20'09''
  40. Contini Silvano at 1h22'18'' - 1987 : positive control
  41. Ramirez Ramirez Martin-alonso at 1h22'26''
  42. De Vos Hendrik at 1h24'43'' - 1987 : positive control (sanction not known)
  43. Bérard Charly at 1h29'02'' - 1978 : positive control ; 1987 : positive control
  44. Garde Dominique at 1h29'11''
  45. Earley Martin at 1h30'30''
  46. Mas Gilles at 1h31'56''
  47. Roche Stephen at 1h32'30''
  48. Maechler Erich at 1h32'45''
  49. Uran Heriberto at 1h36'35''
  50. Nevens Jan at 1h37'15''
  51. Van Der Velde Johann at 1h37'55'' - 1981 : positive control ; 198x : confessions in 1990 (sanction not known)
  52. Hernandez Carlos at 1h38'13''
  53. Nulens Guy at 1h39'08''
  54. Jaramillo Meza Carlos-maria at 1h39'48''
  55. Leclercq Jean-claude at 1h40'43''
  56. Garde Jean-claude at 1h40'57''
  57. Van Den Brande Jean-philippe at 1h41'23''
  58. Rozas Salgado Juan-carlos at 1h41'51''
  59. Aja Enrique at 1h42'32''
  60. Veldscholten Gérard at 1h42'57''
  61. Vallet Bernard at 1h43'12'' - 1982 : absence to control
  62. Roll Bob at 1h43'26''
  63. De Wolf Dirk at 1h44'17''
  64. Poels Twan at 1h44'17''
  65. Vanotti Ennio at 1h45'20''
  66. Haghedooren Paul at 1h47'59'' - 1988 : positive control (no penalty) ; 1990 : positive control (no penalty)
  67. Lemarchand François at 1h49'05''
  68. Peeters Ludo at 1h49'11''
  69. Emonds Nico at 1h49'19'' - 1990 : positive control ; 1995 : positive control
  70. Cardenas Espitia Manuel at 1h50'11''
  71. Van Calster Guido at 1h50'42'' - 1986 : positive control
  72. Leali Bruno at 1h51'49'' - 2010 : police investigation
  73. Breu Beat at 1h51'54'' - 1979 : positive control
  74. Gaston Crespi Inaki at 1h52'35''
  75. Arnaud Dominique at 1h53'54''
  76. Pedersen Jorgen-vagn at 1h54'32''
  77. Haex Jozef at 1h54'38'' - 1987 : positive control
  78. Gorospe Julian at 1h56'11'' - 1984 : positive control
  79. Pierce Jeff at 1h56'57''
  80. Ducrot Maarten at 1h58'02'' - 1982 : confessions in 1998 (sanction not known) ; 1990 : confessions in 1998 (sanction not known)
  81. Da Silva Acacio at 1h58'05'' - 1984 : positive control
  82. Mora Zarate Nestor at 1h58'26''
  83. Knetemann Gerrie at 1h58'28'' - 1974 : positive control (no penalty) ; 1977 : positive control (no penalty)
  84. Gaigne Dominique at 1h59'27''
  85. Leon Castro Marco-antonio at 2h00'49''
  86. Ridaura Sebastian Vicente-juan at 2h00'59''
  87. Lavainne Christophe at 2h01'00''
  88. Van Lancker Eric at 2h01'53''
  89. Van Wijk Jan at 2h02'35''
  90. Pozzi Alessandro 1 at 2h03'39''
  91. Bontempi Guido at 2h03'39'' - 1987 : positive control
  92. Simon Régis at 2h05'06''
  93. Antequera Francisco at 2h05'08''
  94. Vigneron Alain
  95. Kiefel Ron at 2h06'38''
  96. Leleu Philippe at 2h07'03''
  97. Boyer Eric at 2h07'27'' - 198x : confessions in 2005 (no penalty)
  98. Muller Jörg (sui) at 2h07'46'' - 1987 : confessions in 2007 (sanction not known) ; 1988 : journalistic investigation (no penalty)
  99. Vichot Frédéric at 2h08'15''
  100. Solleveld Gerrit at 2h09'00''
  101. Van Eynde Willem at 2h10'46''
  102. Roosen Luc at 2h10'46''
  103. Rogiers Rudy at 2h11'09''
  104. Wijnants Jan at 2h11'14''
  105. Corredor Fonseca Israel at 2h12'04''
  106. Brun Frédéric at 2h13'11''
  107. Marie Thierry at 2h13'24''
  108. Rossignoli Francesco at 2h13'56''
  109. Van Der Poel Adrie at 2h14'20'' - 1983 : positive control ; 1984 : positive control ; 1988 : journalistic investigation (no penalty)
  110. Louvel Eric at 2h14'41''
  111. Yates Sean at 2h15'20'' - 1989 : positive control (no penalty)
  112. Dernies Michel at 2h15'29''
  113. Alcala Gallegos Raul at 2h15'53''
  114. Vilamajo Jaime at 2h16'41''
  115. Hoste Frank at 2h17'06''
  116. Hernandez Ubeda Jesus at 2h17'26''
  117. Chappuis André at 2h17'36'' - 1986 : testimony (no penalty)
  118. Vandenbroucke Jean-luc at 2h17'58'' - 1976 : positive control ; 1976 : positive control ; 1976 : positive control (sanction not known) ; 1978 : positive control and confessions in 1978 (no penalty)
  119. Stieda Alex at 2h19'47''
  120. Laguia Martinez José-luis at 2h19'48'' - 1983 : positive control
  121. Dhaenens Rudy at 2h19'58'' - 1988 : journalistic investigation (no penalty)
  122. Gomez Marc at 2h21'13'' - 198x : confessions in 1983 (no penalty)
  123. Bondue Alain at 2h22'03''
  124. Vanderaerden Eric at 2h22'30''
  125. Esparza Sanz Antonio at 2h22'45''
  126. Winterberg Guido at 2h27'26''
  127. Bincoletto Pierangelo at 2h27'28''
  128. Lieckens Jozef at 2h29'21''
  129. Castaing Francis at 2h41'56'' - 1986 : police investigation ; 1987 : positive control ; 198x : confessions in 1999 (no penalty)
  130. Kimmage Paul at 2h44'06'' - 1987 : confessions in 1990 (no penalty)
  131. Salvador Ennio at 2h55'51''



The alternative ranking

The ranking as it would be if we excluded all racers "pinned" in doping cases during their career.

  1. Lemond Greg
  2. Zimmermann Urs
  3. Hampsten Andrew
  4. Pensec Ronan
  5. Ruttimann Niki
  6. Pino Counago Alvaro
  7. Madiot Yvon
  8. Bernard Jean-françois
  9. Chozas Eduardo
  10. Bagot Jean-claude
  11. Jimenez Bautista José-patrocinio
  12. Herrera Luis
  13. Bauer Steve
  14. Blanco Villar Jesus
  15. Mujika Aramburu Jokin
  16. Fuerte Abelenda Anselmo
  17. Cerin Primoz
  18. Agudelo Gomez Jose-antonio
  19. Lauritzen Dag-otto
  20. Forest Robert
  21. Ruiz Cabestany Pello
  22. Rodriguez Carbalid Jesus
  23. Ramirez Ramirez Martin-alonso
  24. Garde Dominique
  25. Earley Martin
  26. Mas Gilles
  27. Roche Stephen
  28. Maechler Erich
  29. Uran Heriberto
  30. Nevens Jan
  31. Hernandez Carlos
  32. Nulens Guy
  33. Jaramillo Meza Carlos-maria
  34. Leclercq Jean-claude
  35. Garde Jean-claude
  36. Van Den Brande Jean-philippe
  37. Rozas Salgado Juan-carlos
  38. Aja Enrique
  39. Veldscholten Gérard
  40. Roll Bob
  41. De Wolf Dirk
  42. Poels Twan
  43. Vanotti Ennio
  44. Lemarchand François
  45. Peeters Ludo
  46. Cardenas Espitia Manuel
  47. Gaston Crespi Inaki
  48. Arnaud Dominique
  49. Pedersen Jorgen-vagn
  50. Pierce Jeff
  51. Mora Zarate Nestor
  52. Gaigne Dominique
  53. Leon Castro Marco-antonio
  54. Ridaura Sebastian Vicente-juan
  55. Lavainne Christophe
  56. Van Lancker Eric
  57. Van Wijk Jan
  58. Pozzi Alessandro 1
  59. Simon Régis
  60. Antequera Francisco
  61. Vigneron Alain
  62. Kiefel Ron
  63. Leleu Philippe
  64. Vichot Frédéric
  65. Solleveld Gerrit
  66. Van Eynde Willem
  67. Roosen Luc
  68. Rogiers Rudy
  69. Wijnants Jan
  70. Corredor Fonseca Israel
  71. Brun Frédéric
  72. Marie Thierry
  73. Rossignoli Francesco
  74. Louvel Eric
  75. Dernies Michel
  76. Alcala Gallegos Raul
  77. Vilamajo Jaime
  78. Hoste Frank
  79. Hernandez Ubeda Jesus
  80. Stieda Alex
  81. Bondue Alain
  82. Vanderaerden Eric
  83. Esparza Sanz Antonio
  84. Winterberg Guido
  85. Bincoletto Pierangelo
  86. Lieckens Jozef
  87. Salvador Ennio



The list of participants

The list of participants by team

LA VIE CLAIRE-WONDER-RADAR

8 years of existence, 8 cases, ie 1 per year

1. Hinault Bernard - 1982 : absence to control (no penalty)
2. Bauer Steve
3. Bérard Charly - 1978 : positive control ; 1987 : positive control
4. Bernard Jean-françois
5. Hampsten Andrew
6. Leleu Philippe
7. Lemond Greg
8. Ruttimann Niki
9. Vigneron Alain
10. Winterberg Guido

CARRERA JEANS

11. Roche Stephen
12. Bontempi Guido - 1987 : positive control
13. Breu Beat - 1979 : positive control
14. Cassani Davide
15. Leali Bruno - 2010 : police investigation
16. Maechler Erich
17. Pedersen Jorgen-vagn
18. Rossignoli Francesco
19. Schepers Eddy - 1983 : positive control (sanction not known)
20. Zimmermann Urs

KAS-MAVIC

21. Muller Jörg (sui) - 1987 : confessions in 2007 (sanction not known) ; 1988 : journalistic investigation (no penalty)
22. Esnault Patrice
23. Garde Dominique
24. Garde Jean-claude
25. Gaston Crespi Inaki
26. Guyot Eric
27. Leclercq Jean-claude
28. Pelier Joël - 1988 : positive control
29. Vandenbroucke Jean-luc - 1976 : positive control ; 1976 : positive control ; 1976 : positive control (sanction not known) ; 1978 : positive control and confessions in 1978 (no penalty)
30. Vichot Frédéric

PANASONIC

20 years of existence, 9 cases, ie 0,45 per year

31. Millar Robert - 1992 : positive control ; 199x : confessions (no penalty)
32. Anderson Phil - 1983 : positive control
33. Lammertink Jos
34. Lubberding Henk
35. Nulens Guy
36. Planckaert Eddy - 1988 : positive control ; 1991 : confessions in 1998 (no penalty)
37. Vanderaerden Eric
38. Van Der Velde Johann - 1981 : positive control ; 198x : confessions in 1990 (sanction not known)
39. Van Lancker Eric
40. Winnen Peter - 1986 : confessions in 1998 (no penalty)

SYSTEME U

41. Fignon Laurent - 1984 : confessions in 2009 (no penalty) ; 1987 : positive control ; 1987 : confessions in 2009 (no penalty) ; 1989 : positive control ; 198x : confessions in 2009 (no penalty)
42. Biondi Laurent - 2005 : police investigation (no penalty)
43. Bondue Alain
44. Boyer Eric - 198x : confessions in 2005 (no penalty)
45. Gaigne Dominique
46. Gavillet Bernard - 198x : confessions (sanction not known)
47. Lavainne Christophe
48. Madiot Yvon
49. Marie Thierry
50. Mottet Charly - 198x : confessions in 1989 (no penalty)

P.D.M

7 years of existence, 15 cases, ie 2,14 per year

51. Delgado Pedro - 1988 : positive control (no penalty)
52. Arras Wim - 1987 : positive control (sanction not known)
53. Boeve Henk
54. Knetemann Gerrie - 1974 : positive control (no penalty) ; 1977 : positive control (no penalty)
55. Rooks Steven - 1988 : journalistic investigation (no penalty) ; 1989 : confessions in 1998 & 2009 (no penalty)
56. Siemons Jan
57. Stevenhaagen Peter - 1988 : confessions (no penalty)
58. Van Orsouw Marc - 1988 : journalistic investigation (no penalty)
59. Van Wijk Jan
60. Veldscholten Gérard

CAFE DE COLOMBIA

6 years of existence, 1 case, ie 0,17 per year

61. Herrera Luis
62. Acevedo Porras Rafael-antonik
63. Corredor Alvarez Edgar
64. Florez Ortiz Alfonso - 1981 : positive control
65. Jimenez Bautista José-patrocinio
66. Leon Castro Marco-antonio
67. Lopez Alfonso
68. Parra Fabio
69. Rondon Vasquez Abelardo
70. Soler Pedro-josé

T.S BATTERIES-REYNOLDS

71. Laguia Martinez José-luis - 1983 : positive control
72. Arnaud Dominique
73. Cabrera Samuel - 2004 : positive control ; 2008 : positive control
74. Gomez Marc - 198x : confessions in 1983 (no penalty)
75. Gorospe Julian - 1984 : positive control
76. Greciano Anastasio
77. Hernandez Carlos
78. Hernandez Ubeda Jesus
79. Indurain Miguel - 1994 : positive control (no penalty)
80. Prieto Celestino

PEUGEOT-SHELL

64 years of existence, 75 cases, ie 1,17 per year

81. Simon Pascal - 1983 : positive control
82. Brun Frédéric
83. Cornillet Bruno
84. Duclos-lassalle Gilbert - 1989 : absence to control (no penalty)
85. Forest Robert
86. Glaus Gilbert - 1978 : positive control (no penalty)
87. Lauritzen Dag-otto
88. Louvel Eric
89. Pensec Ronan
90. Yates Sean - 1989 : positive control (no penalty)

KWANTUM-HALLEN-DECOSOL

38 years of existence, 16 cases, ie 0,42 per year

91. Zoetemelk Joop - 1976 : confessions in 1977 (no penalty) ; 1977 : positive control ; 1978 : confessions in 1979 (no penalty) ; 1979 : positive control ; 1983 : positive control
92. Ducrot Maarten - 1982 : confessions in 1998 (sanction not known) ; 1990 : confessions in 1998 (sanction not known)
93. Emonds Nico - 1990 : positive control ; 1995 : positive control
94. Nijdam Jelle
95. Peeters Ludo
96. Poels Twan
97. Priem Cees - 1998 : in the act
98. Roosen Luc
99. Solleveld Gerrit
100. Van Der Poel Adrie - 1983 : positive control ; 1984 : positive control ; 1988 : journalistic investigation (no penalty)

JOKER-EMERXIL-EDDY MERCKX

101. Sergeant Marc - 1983 : positive control ; 1985 : positive control
102. Bomans Carlo
103. Dernies Michel
104. Haghedooren Paul - 1988 : positive control (no penalty) ; 1990 : positive control (no penalty)
105. Lieckens Jozef
106. Lurquin André
107. Mckenzie Eric - 1982 : positive control
108. Nevens Jan
109. Van Eynde Willem
110. Van Holen Ronny

HITACHI-MARC-SPLENDOR

15 years of existence, 7 cases, ie 0,47 per year

111. Criquielion Claude - 1985 : positive control (no penalty)
112. Delaurier Philippe
113. De Vos Hendrik - 1987 : positive control (sanction not known)
114. De Wolf Dirk
115. Dhaenens Rudy - 1988 : journalistic investigation (no penalty)
116. Haex Jozef - 1987 : positive control
117. Morjean Stefan
118. Rogiers Rudy
119. Van Den Brande Jean-philippe
120. Wijnants Jan

ZOR-B.H

121. Pino Counago Alvaro
122. Antequera Francisco
123. Bouvatier Philippe
124. Camarillo Angel
125. Fernandez Juan
126. Fuerte Abelenda Anselmo
127. Rodriguez Francisco - 1981 : positive control (2 times)
128. Rodriguez Carbalid Jesus
129. Rozas Salgado Juan-carlos
130. Van Calster Guido - 1986 : positive control

FAGOR

5 years of existence, 3 cases, ie 0,6 per year

131. Caritoux Eric - 1986 : police control (no penalty)
132. Bagot Jean-claude
133. Bernaudeau Jean-rené - 1982 : absence to control (no penalty) ; 1985 : confessions in 1990 (no penalty) ; 1986 : absence to control (sanction not known)
134. Bohorquez Ortega Argemiro
135. Earley Martin
136. Hoste Frank
137. Lemarchand François
138. Munoz Pedro - 1982 : positive control ; 1984 : positive control
139. Ramirez Ramirez Martin-alonso
140. Verschuere Pol

RMO-MERAL-MAVIC

141. Claveyrolat Thierry - 1986 : police control (no penalty)
142. Barteau Vincent
143. Castaing Francis - 1986 : police investigation ; 1987 : positive control ; 198x : confessions in 1999 (no penalty)
144. Chappuis André - 1986 : testimony (no penalty)
145. Gauthier Jean-louis
146. Huger Bruno
147. Kimmage Paul - 1987 : confessions in 1990 (no penalty)
148. Mas Gilles
149. Simon Régis
150. Vallet Bernard - 1982 : absence to control

POSTOBON

151. Hernandez Riano Omar-pablo
152. Acosta Arias Raul
153. Corredor Fonseca Israel
154. Jaramillo Meza Carlos-maria
155. Jaramillo Sergio
156. Londono Antonio
157. Moncada Guiza Gerardo
158. Montoya Reynel - 1991 : positive control (sanction not known)
159. Mora Zarate Nestor
160. Uran Heriberto

SEAT-ORBEA

161. Lejarreta Marino - 1985 : positive control
162. Esparza Sanz Antonio
163. Hermans Mathieu - 1989 : confessions in 2009 (no penalty)
164. Jules Pascal
165. Mujika Aramburu Jokin
166. Nijboer Erwin
167. Ridaura Sebastian Vicente-juan
168. Ruiz Cabestany Pello
169. Sanchis Tormo Jose-salvador
170. Vilamajo Jaime

GIS GELATI-OECE

27 years of existence, 13 cases, ie 0,48 per year

171. Contini Silvano - 1987 : positive control
172. Giovannetti Marco
173. Magnago Walter
174. Masciarelli Palmiro
175. Petito Giuseppe
176. Polini Marino
177. Pozzi Alessandro 1
178. Salvador Ennio
179. Salvietti Graziano
180. Vanotti Ennio

TEKA

181. Dietzen Raimund - 1987 : in the act (sanction not known)
182. Agudelo Gomez Jose-antonio
183. Aja Enrique
184. Arenas Reyes Guillermo
185. Blanco Villar Jesus
186. Cardenas Espitia Manuel
187. Chozas Eduardo
188. Echave Musatadi Federico - 1995 : positive control (sanction not known)
189. Gutierrez Gutierrez Alfonso
190. Sarrapio Angel-josé

MALVOR

13 years of existence, 1 case, ie 0,08 per year

191. Beccia Mario
192. Allocchio Stefano
193. Bincoletto Pierangelo
194. Cerin Primoz
195. Da Silva Acacio - 1984 : positive control
196. Dill-bundi Robert
197. Ferraro Renan
198. Furlan Luigi
199. Pagnin Roberto
200. Piccolo Renato

ELEVEN-HOONVED

201. Grewal Alexi - 1984 : positive control (no penalty) ; 1992 : positive control
202. Alcala Gallegos Raul
203. Carmichael Chris
204. Heiden Eric
205. Kiefel Ron
206. Phinney Davis
207. Pierce Jeff
208. Roll Bob
209. Shapiro Douglas Craig
210. Stieda Alex



See also