Tour de France 1999 : the real numbers of doping

Statistics

The table below establishes, team by team, the count of the riders who have been or will be subsequently "pinned" in doping cases.

Teams	Riders	Pinned	Top 10	Pinned	Podium	Pinned
Cofidis	9	6	0	0	0	0
Mercatone Uno	9	5	0	0	0	0
Telekom	9	5	0	0	0	0
Mapei	9	5	1	1	0	0
Rabobank	9	3	0	0	0	0
ONCE	9	5	2	2	0	0
Polti	9	5	1	1	0	0
Saeco	9	7	1	1	0	0
Lotto	9	2	0	0	0	0
Casino	9	4	0	0	0	0
Lampre	9	4	0	0	0	0
Kelme	9	4	1	0	1	0
Vitalicio	9	5	1	1	0	0
Crédit Agricole	9	1	0	0	0	0
Festina	9	4	1	0	0	0
La Française des Jeux	9	6	0	0	0	0
Banesto	9	7	1	1	1	1
Cantina Tollo	9	5	0	0	0	0
US Postal	9	8	1	1	1	1
BigMat	9	2	0	0	0	0
Total	180	93	10	8	3	2
Pourcentage		52%		80%		67%

Other data :

• Route : Le Puy de Fou - Paris
• Stages : 20
• Riders : 180
• Finishers : 141
• Distance : 3870 km
• Winning time : 91h 32'16"
• Average speed of the winner : 40,276 km/h
• Difference between winner and second rider : 7'37" ie 0,14 %
• Difference between winner and last rider : 3:19'9" ie 3,63 %
• Number of doping cases : 14

The official ranking

Ranking source : http://www.memoire-du-cyclisme.net (31/01/2008)

1. Armstrong Lance in 91h32'16'' 1999 : positive control (no penalty) ; 1999 : laboratory inquiry
2. Zülle Alex at 0h07'37'' 1993 : positive control (no penalty) ; 1994 : positive control (no penalty) ; 1998 : blood test, urine, hair ; 1998 : confessions in 1998 (sanction not known)
3. Escartin Fernando at 0h10'26''
4. Dufaux Laurent at 0h14'43'' 1998 : blood test, urine, hair, confessions in 1998
5. Casero Moreno Angel-luis at 0h15'11'' 1996 : positive control (no penalty)
6. Olano Abraham at 0h16'47'' 1994 : positive control ; 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
7. Nardello Daniele at 0h17'02'' 1999 : positive control (no penalty)
8. Virenque Richard at 0h17'28'' 1994 : confessions in 2000 ; 1998 : blood test, urine, hair (sanction not known) ; 1999 : blood test (sanction not known) ; 1999 : confessions in 1999 (sanction not known)
9. Belli Wladimir at 0h17'37''
10. Peron Andrea at 0h23'10'' 2001 : in the act (no penalty) ; 2004 : in the act (no penalty) ; 2011 : positive control (sanction not known)
11. Van De Wouwer Kurt at 0h23'32''
12. Etxebarria Alkorta David at 0h26'41'' 2004 : positive control
13. Hamilton Tyler at 0h26'53'' 1997 : confessions in 2012 (sanction not known) ; 2001 : confessions in 2015 (no penalty) ; 2004 : positive control, confessions in 2011 (no penalty) ; 2004 : positive control ; 2009 : positive control and confessions in 2009
14. Heulot Stéphane at 0h27'58'' 1999 : police investigation (no penalty)
15. Meier Roland at 0h28'44'' 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty) ; 2001 : positive control
16. Salmon Benoit at 0h28'59''
17. Elli Alberto at 0h33'39'' 2001 : in the act
18. Lanfranchi Paolo at 0h34'14''
19. Contreras Carlos-alberto at 0h34'53''
20. Totschnig Georg at 0h37'10'' 2005 : judicial investigation (sanction not known)
21. Aerts Mario at 0h39'21''
22. Guerini Giuseppe at 0h39'29''
23. Faresin Gianni at 0h40'28'' 2000 : blood test
24. Gonzalez Galdeano Alvaro at 0h43'39'' 2000 : positive control ; 2001 : police investigation (sanction not known)
25. Serrano Rodriguez Marcos-antonio at 0h45'03'' 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
26. Garcia Rodriguez Francisco-tomas at 0h45'31'' 2001 : positive control
27. Moreau Christophe at 0h45'34'' 1996 : confessions in 1998 ; 1998 : positive control ; 1998 : blood test, urine, hair, confessions (no penalty) ; 2008 : medical control
28. Mancebo Francisco at 0h50'31'' 2006 : police investigation
29. Perez Rodriguez Luis at 0h52'53''
30. Simon François at 0h53'21''
31. Meier Armin at 1h00'10'' 1998 : confessions in 1998 ; 1998 : blood test, urine, hair
32. Garzelli Stefano at 1h00'45'' 2002 : positive control
33. Pascual Rodriguez Javier at 1h01'20'' 2003 : positive control
34. Lelli Massimiliano at 1h01'27''
35. Vinokourov Alexandre at 1h02'23'' 2004 : absence to control (no penalty) ; 2007 : positive control ; 2010 : police investigation (no penalty)
36. Livingston Kevin at 1h06'10'' 1999 : judicial investigation (no penalty) ; 1997 : positive control (no penalty) ; 1999 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
37. Castelblanco Joaquim-josé at 1h08'05'' 1996 : positive control ; 1999 : laboratory inquiry (no penalty) ; 2004 : positive control
38. Commesso Salvatore at 1h09'15'' 2001 : in the act
39. Solaun Solana Cesar at 1h10'01'' 2001 : police investigation (sanction not known)
40. Bolts Udo at 1h11'51'' 1995 : confessions in 2007 (sanction not known)
41. De Wolf Steve at 1h11'54'' 199x : judicial investigation (no penalty)
42. Bessy Frederic at 1h15'26''
43. Pena Miguel Angel at 1h19'26''
44. Madouas Laurent at 1h20'42'' 1994 : positive control
45. Verheyen Geert at 1h23'24''
46. Arrieta José-luis at 1h24'29'' 2001 : police investigation (sanction not known)
47. Cerezo Perales Francisco at 1h26'50''
48. Bourguignon Thierry at 1h27'43''
49. Fernandez Gines Manuel at 1h30'20''
50. Piccoli Mariano at 1h31'21'' 1999 : police investigation (sanction not known) ; 1999 : positive control (no penalty) ; 2001 : police investigation (no penalty) ; 2005 : police investigation (sanction not known) ; 2010 : police investigation ; 201x : judicial investigation (no penalty)
51. Lebreton Lylian at 1h32'51'' 1994 : confessions in 1998 (sanction not known) ; 1996 : confessions in 1998 (sanction not known)
52. Robin Jean-cyril at 1h33'14'' 199x : confessions in 2004 (sanction not known)
53. Fincato Marco at 1h36'57''
54. Odriozola Mugar. Jon at 1h41'55'' 1997 : absence to control (no penalty) ; 2001 : police investigation (sanction not known)
55. Serpellini Marco at 1h42'04'' 2005 : police investigation (sanction not known)
56. Boogerd Michael at 1h42'22'' 2005 : confessions in 2013
57. Jeker Fabian at 1h42'25''
58. Diaz Justo Rafael at 1h43'36''
59. Gomez Gonzalo Javier at 1h45'50''
60. Voigt Jens at 1h47'47''
61. Gonzalez Capilla Santos at 1h48'21'' 2005 : internal control (no penalty) ; 2005 : internal control (no penalty) ; 2006 : positive control
62. Konyshev Dimitri at 1h49'10''
63. Farazijn Peter at 1h55'01'' 199x : judicial investigation (no penalty)
64. Buenahora Hernan at 1h55'33'' 2006 : positive control ; 2008 : positive control
65. Andreu Frankie at 1h59'01'' 1995 : confessions in 2006 (no penalty)
66. Cattai Stefano at 1h59'49''
67. Oriol Christophe at 2h01'06''
68. Garcia Acosta Jose-vicente at 2h01'46''
69. Gougot Fabrice at 2h02'05''
70. Mengin Christophe at 2h04'03''
71. Verbrugghe Rik at 2h04'31''
72. Lotz Marc at 2h08'08'' 2005 : judicial investigation and confessions
73. Wesemann Steffen at 2h09'22''
74. Goubert Stéphane at 2h10'58''
75. Rebollo Jose-luis at 2h12'57''
76. Indurain Prudencio at 2h14'15''
77. Brochard Laurent at 2h14'42'' 1991 : positive control (no penalty) ; 1997 : confessions in 2000 (no penalty) ; 1998 : confessions in 1998 ; 1998 : positive control
78. Hincapie George at 2h16'35'' 1996 : confessions in 2012
79. Rinero Christophe at 2h16'35''
80. Jaksche Jörg at 2h16'44'' 1999 : police investigation ; 2004 : confessions in 2015 (no penalty)
81. Mondini Gianpaolo at 2h17'34'' 2001 : in the act
82. Maignan Gilles at 2h18'02''
83. Vasseur Cédric at 2h18'23''
84. Den Bakker Maarten at 2h19'03''
85. Vandevelde Christian at 2h23'58'' 1999 : confessions in 2012 ; 2004 : confessions in 2012 ; 2004 : confessions in 2012
86. Otxoa Palacios Javier at 2h24'14'' 1999 : positive control
87. Forconi Riccardo at 2h25'02'' 1998 : positive control ; 2001 : positive control
88. Lefevre Laurent at 2h25'08''
89. Zabel Erik at 2h26'01'' 1994 : positive control (no penalty) ; 1996 : confessions in 2007 and 2013 ; 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
90. Rault Dominique at 2h27'17''
91. Chanteur Pascal at 2h28'00'' 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
92. Aggiano Elio at 2h28'33''
93. Sivakov Alexei at 2h29'40''
94. O'grady Stuart at 2h30'07'' 1998 : senate inquiry and confessions in 2013 (no penalty)
95. Giunti Massimo at 2h30'25'' 2010 : positive control
96. Gouvenou Thierry at 2h32'11''
97. Jonker Patrick at 2h32'20''
98. Navas Chica David at 2h33'31'' 2001 : police investigation (sanction not known)
99. Sacchi Fabio at 2h33'39'' 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty) ; 2002 : in the act
100. Desbiens Laurent at 2h34'01'' 1996 : positive control ; 1996 : positive control ; 1996 : positive control ; 1996 : positive control ; 1998 : confessions (sanction not known) ; 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
101. Vidal Jose-angel at 2h34'22''
102. Hernandez Jaime at 2h36'04''
103. Bramati Davide at 2h36'15''
104. Steels Tom at 2h36'28'' 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty) ; 1999 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
105. Morin Anthony at 2h36'37'' 1997 : police investigation (no penalty)
106. Guesdon Frédéric at 2h37'27''
107. Dekker Eric at 2h38'05'' 1999 : positive control
108. De Waele Fabien at 2h39'21''
109. Zberg Beat at 2h39'29''
110. Hundertmarck Kai at 2h39'32''
111. Auger Ludovic at 2h39'38''
112. Wuyts Peter at 2h39'50''
113. Pinotti Marco at 2h40'00''
114. Martinello Silvio at 2h43'14''
115. Capelle Christophe at 2h45'17''
116. Michaelsen Lars at 0h00'59'' 1998 : judicial investigation (no penalty)
117. Lamour Claude at 2h46'26'' 1993 : positive control
118. Huser Rolf at 2h47'27''
119. Boardman Christopher at 2h47'48''
120. Crepaldi Mirko at 2h49'14'' 2018 : police investigation (sanction not known)
121. Vogels Henk at 2h49'17''
122. Mcewen Robbie at 2h49'23''
123. Hinault Sébastien at 2h51'03''
124. Barbero Sergio at 2h51'09'' 2001 : positive control
125. Colombo Gabriele at 2h51'43''
126. Dacruz Carlos at 2h51'48''
127. Brasi Rossano at 2h52'01'' 2000 : blood test
128. Marichal Thierry at 2h54'06'' 1998 : judicial investigation (no penalty)
129. De Los Angeles Juan-josé at 2h54'40''
130. Demarbaix Sebastien at 2h58'32''
131. Ljungqvist Marcus at 3h00'09''
132. Langella Anthony at 3h02'20''
133. Leysen Bart at 3h03'11''
134. Napolitano Massimiliano at 3h05'09''
135. Horillo Munoz Pedro at 3h05'31'' 2007 : positive control (no penalty)
136. Schaffrath Jan at 3h05'41''
137. Mazzanti Luca at 3h06'28''
138. Baronti Alessandro at 3h07'07'' 2002 : police investigation (sanction not known) ; 2002 : positive control
139. Loder Thierry at 3h11'55''
140. Derame Pascal at 3h14'19''
141. Durand Jacky at 3h19'09'' 1996 : positive control ; 1996 : positive control ; 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)

reports a rider who was sanctioned in a doping case
reports a rider pinned in our doping directory but who has not been sanctioned or whose we are not aware of the possible sanction

The alternative ranking

The ranking as it would be if we excluded all racers "pinned" in doping cases during their career.

1. Escartin Fernando
2. Belli Wladimir
3. Van De Wouwer Kurt
4. Salmon Benoit
5. Lanfranchi Paolo
6. Contreras Carlos-alberto
7. Aerts Mario
8. Guerini Giuseppe
9. Perez Rodriguez Luis
10. Simon François
11. Lelli Massimiliano
12. Bessy Frédéric
13. Pena Miguel Angel
14. Verheyen Geert
15. Cerezo Perales Francisco
16. Bourguignon Thierry
17. Fernandez Gines Manuel
18. Fincato Marco
19. Jeker Fabian
20. Diaz Justo Rafael
21. Gomez Gonzalo José Javier
22. Voigt Jens
23. Konyshev Dimitri
24. Cattai Stefano
25. Oriol Christophe
26. Garcia Acosta Jose-vicente
27. Gougot Fabrice
28. Mengin Christophe
29. Verbrugghe Rik
30. Wesemann Steffen
31. Goubert Stéphane
32. Rebollo Jose-luis
33. Indurain Prudencio
34. Rinero Christophe
35. Maignan Gilles
36. Vasseur Cédric
37. Den Bakker Maarten
38. Lefèvre Laurent
39. Rault Dominique
40. Aggiano Elio
41. Sivakov Alexei
42. Gouvenou Thierry
43. Jonker Patrick
44. Vidal Jose-angel
45. Hernandez Jaime
46. Bramati Davide
47. Guesdon Frédéric
48. De Waele Fabien
49. Zberg Beat
50. Hundertmarck Kai
51. Auger Ludovic
52. Wuyts Peter
53. Pinotti Marco
54. Martinello Silvio
55. Capelle Christophe
56. Huser Rolf
57. Boardman Chris
58. Vogels Henk (aus)
59. Mcewen Robbie
60. Hinault Sébastien
61. Colombo Gabriele
62. Da Cruz Carlos
63. De Los Angeles Juan-josé
64. Demarbaix Sebastien
65. Ljungqvist Marcus
66. Langella Anthony
67. Leysen Bart
68. Napolitano Massimiliano
69. Schaffrath Jan
70. Mazzanti Luca
71. Loder Thierry
72. Deramé Pascal

List of doping cases during the race

Rider	Product	Race	Year	Sanction	Control
Armstrong Lance	Corticoïdes	Tour de France	1999	Non	Contrôle positif
Armstrong Lance	EPO	Tour de France	1999	Oui	Enquête du laboratoire
Beltran Manuel	EPO	Tour de France	1999	Non	Enquête du laboratoire
Beltran Manuel	Corticoïdes	Tour de France	1999	Non	Contrôle positif
Blijlevens Jeroen	EPO	Tour de France	1999	Non	Commission d'enquête sénatoriale et aveux en 2013
Castelblanco Jose	EPO	Tour de France	1999	Non	Enquête du laboratoire
Coppolillo Michele	Corticoïdes	Tour de France	1999	Non	Contrôle positif
Dierckxsens Ludo	ACTH	Tour de France	1999	Oui	Aveux en 1999
Hamburger Bo	Corticoïdes	Tour de France	1999	Non	Contrôle positif
Hamburger Bo	EPO	Tour de France	1999	Non	Enquête du laboratoire
Livingston Kevin	EPO	Tour de France	1999	Non	Commission d'enquête sénatoriale (2 contrôles positifs)
Nardello Daniele	Corticoïdes	Tour de France	1999	Non	Contrôle positif
Piccoli Mariano	Corticoïdes	Tour de France	1999	Non	Contrôle positif
Steels Tom	Corticoïdes	Tour de France	1999	Non	Commission d'enquête sénatoriale

The list of participants

The list of participants by team

Cofidis

1. Julich Bobby 1996 : confessions in 2012 ; 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
2. De Wolf Steve 199x : judicial investigation (no penalty)
3. Desbiens Laurent 1996 : positive control ; 1996 : positive control ; 1996 : positive control ; 1996 : positive control ; 1998 : confessions (sanction not known) ; 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
4. Farazijn Peter 199x : judicial investigation (no penalty)
5. Lamour Claude 1993 : positive control
6. Lelli Massimiliano
7. Loder Thierry
8. Meier Roland 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty) ; 2001 : positive control
9. Rinero Christophe

Mercatone Uno

7 years of existence, 19 cases, ie 2,71 per year

11. Garzelli Stefano 2002 : positive control
12. Artunghi Marco
13. Barbero Sergio 2001 : positive control
14. Conti Roberto 2002 : in the act
15. Coppolillo Michele 1999 : positive control (no penalty)
16. Fincato Marco
17. Forconi Riccardo 1998 : positive control ; 2001 : positive control
18. Konyshev Dimitri
19. Napolitano Massimiliano

Telekom

23 years of existence, 33 cases, ie 1,43 per year

21. Zabel Erik 1994 : positive control (no penalty) ; 1996 : confessions in 2007 and 2013 ; 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
22. Bolts Udo 1995 : confessions in 2007 (sanction not known)
23. Elli Alberto 2001 : in the act
24. Guerini Giuseppe
25. Hundertmarck Kai
26. Jaksche Jörg 1999 : police investigation ; 2004 : confessions in 2015 (no penalty)
27. Schaffrath Jan
28. Totschnig Georg 2005 : judicial investigation (sanction not known)
29. Wesemann Steffen

Mapei

33 years of existence, 31 cases, ie 0,94 per year

31. Tonkov Pavel 1999 : blood test (sanction not known)
32. Bramati Davide
33. Faresin Gianni 2000 : blood test
34. Fernandez Gines Manuel
35. Lanfranchi Paolo
36. Leysen Bart
37. Merckx Axel 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
38. Nardello Daniele 1999 : positive control (no penalty)
39. Steels Tom 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty) ; 1999 : senate inquiry (no penalty)

Rabobank

42 years of existence, 23 cases, ie 0,55 per year

41. Boogerd Michael 2005 : confessions in 2013
42. Dekker Eric 1999 : positive control
43. Den Bakker Maarten
44. Jonker Patrick
45. Lotz Marc 2005 : judicial investigation and confessions
46. Mcewen Robbie
47. Van Bon Leon
48. Wauters Marc
49. Zberg Beat

ONCE

18 years of existence, 20 cases, ie 1,11 per year

51. Olano Abraham 1994 : positive control ; 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
52. Diaz Justo Rafael
53. Etxebarria Alkorta David 2004 : positive control
54. Garcia Alonso Marcelino
55. Gonzalez Capilla Santos 2005 : internal control (no penalty) ; 2005 : internal control (no penalty) ; 2006 : positive control
56. Perez Rodriguez Luis
57. Peron Andrea 2001 : in the act (no penalty) ; 2004 : in the act (no penalty) ; 2011 : positive control (sanction not known)
58. Rebollo Jose-luis
59. Serrano Rodriguez Marcos-antonio 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)

Polti

61. Gotti Ivan 1998 : blood test (sanction not known) ; 2001 : in the act
62. Brasi Rossano 2000 : blood test
63. Cattai Stefano
64. Crepaldi Mirko 2018 : police investigation (sanction not known)
65. Goubert Stéphane
66. Martinello Silvio
67. Pellicioli Oscar
68. Sacchi Fabio 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty) ; 2002 : in the act
69. Virenque Richard 1994 : confessions in 2000 ; 1998 : blood test, urine, hair (sanction not known) ; 1999 : blood test (sanction not known) ; 1999 : confessions in 1999 (sanction not known)

Saeco

15 years of existence, 20 cases, ie 1,33 per year

71. Cipollini Mario 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
72. Calcaterra Giuseppe 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
73. Commesso Salvatore 2001 : in the act
74. Dufaux Laurent 1998 : blood test, urine, hair, confessions in 1998
75. Fagnini Gianmatteo
76. Meier Armin 1998 : confessions in 1998 ; 1998 : blood test, urine, hair
77. Savoldelli Paolo 2005 : disciplinary investigation
78. Scirea Mario 2004 : in the act
79. Secchiari Francesco

Lotto

81. Aerts Mario
82. De Waele Fabien
83. Demarbaix Sebastien
84. Durand Jacky 1996 : positive control ; 1996 : positive control ; 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
85. Marichal Thierry 1998 : judicial investigation (no penalty)
86. Van De Wouwer Kurt
87. Verbrugghe Rik
88. Verheyen Geert
89. Wuyts Peter

Casino

91. Vinokourov Alexandre 2004 : absence to control (no penalty) ; 2007 : positive control ; 2010 : police investigation (no penalty)
92. Barthe Stéphane 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty) ; 199x : judicial investigation (no penalty)
93. Bessy Frederic
94. Chanteur Pascal 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
95. Gougot Fabrice
96. Kirsipuu Jan 1993 : positive control (sanction not known)
97. Maignan Gilles
98. Oriol Christophe
99. Salmon Benoit

Lampre

27 years of existence, 33 cases, ie 1,22 per year

101. Serpellini Marco 2005 : police investigation (sanction not known)
102. Belohvosciks Raivis
103. Dierckxsens Ludo 1999 : confessions in 1999
104. Padrnos Pavel 2001 : in the act (sanction not known)
105. Piccoli Mariano 1999 : police investigation (sanction not known) ; 1999 : positive control (no penalty) ; 2001 : police investigation (no penalty) ; 2005 : police investigation (sanction not known) ; 2010 : police investigation ; 201x : judicial investigation (no penalty)
106. Pinotti Marco
107. Spruch Zbigniew
108. Svorada Jan
109. Verstrepen Johan

Kelme

36 years of existence, 27 cases, ie 0,75 per year

111. Escartin Fernando
112. Castelblanco Joaquim-josé 1996 : positive control ; 1999 : laboratory inquiry (no penalty) ; 2004 : positive control
113. Contreras Carlos-alberto
114. De Los Angeles Juan-josé
115. Gomez Gonzalo Javier
116. Otxoa Palacios Javier 1999 : positive control
117. Pascual Llorente Javier 2003 : positive control
118. Pascual Rodriguez Javier 2003 : positive control
119. Vidal Jose-angel

Vitalicio

3 years of existence, 4 cases, ie 1,33 per year

121. Casero Moreno Angel-luis 1996 : positive control (no penalty)
122. Aggiano Elio
123. Buenahora Hernan 2006 : positive control ; 2008 : positive control
124. Cerezo Perales Francisco
125. Garcia Rodriguez Francisco-tomas 2001 : positive control
126. Gonzalez Galdeano Alvaro 2000 : positive control ; 2001 : police investigation (sanction not known)
127. Horillo Munoz Pedro 2007 : positive control (no penalty)
128. Indurain Prudencio
129. Salmeron Gines

Crédit Agricole

67 years of existence, 76 cases, ie 1,13 per year

131. Simon François
132. Backstedt Magnus
133. Boardman Christopher
134. Hinault Sébastien
135. Langella Anthony
136. O'grady Stuart 1998 : senate inquiry and confessions in 2013 (no penalty)
137. Vasseur Cédric
138. Vogels Henk
139. Voigt Jens

Festina

12 years of existence, 30 cases, ie 2,5 per year

141. Belli Wladimir
142. Brochard Laurent 1991 : positive control (no penalty) ; 1997 : confessions in 2000 (no penalty) ; 1998 : confessions in 1998 ; 1998 : positive control
143. Hernandez Jaime
144. Huser Rolf
145. Jeker Fabian
146. Lefevre Laurent
147. Madouas Laurent 1994 : positive control
148. Moreau Christophe 1996 : confessions in 1998 ; 1998 : positive control ; 1998 : blood test, urine, hair, confessions (no penalty) ; 2008 : medical control
149. Rous Didier 1998 : analyses sang, urine, cheveux et aveux en 1998

La Française des Jeux

29 years of existence, 13 cases, ie 0,45 per year

151. Robin Jean-cyril 199x : confessions in 2004 (sanction not known)
152. Bassons Christophe 2012 : absence to control (no penalty)
153. Casper Jimmy 2007 : positive control (no penalty) ; 2008 : positive control (no penalty)
154. Guesdon Frédéric
155. Heulot Stéphane 1999 : police investigation (no penalty)
156. Mengin Christophe
157. Michaelsen Lars 1998 : judicial investigation (no penalty)
158. Morin Anthony 1997 : police investigation (no penalty)
159. Nazon Damien

Banesto

46 years of existence, 30 cases, ie 0,65 per year

161. Zülle Alex 1993 : positive control (no penalty) ; 1994 : positive control (no penalty) ; 1998 : blood test, urine, hair ; 1998 : confessions in 1998 (sanction not known)
162. Arrieta José-luis 2001 : police investigation (sanction not known)
163. Beltran Manuel 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty) ; 1999 : positive control (no penalty) ; 1999 : laboratory inquiry (no penalty) ; 2008 : positive control
164. Garcia Acosta Jose-vicente
165. Mancebo Francisco 2006 : police investigation
166. Navas Chica David 2001 : police investigation (sanction not known)
167. Odriozola Mugar. Jon 1997 : absence to control (no penalty) ; 2001 : police investigation (sanction not known)
168. Pena Miguel Angel
169. Solaun Solana Cesar 2001 : police investigation (sanction not known)

Cantina Tollo

12 years of existence, 15 cases, ie 1,25 per year

171. Hamburger Bo 1993 : positive control (no penalty) ; 1995 : confessions in 2007 (no penalty) ; 1998 : confessions in 1998 (sanction not known) ; 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty) ; 1999 : positive control (no penalty) ; 1999 : laboratory inquiry (no penalty) ; 2001 : positive control ; 2003 : positive control
172. Baronti Alessandro 2002 : police investigation (sanction not known) ; 2002 : positive control
173. Colombo Gabriele
174. Di Biase Moreno
175. Giunti Massimo 2010 : positive control
176. Ljungqvist Marcus
177. Mazzanti Luca
178. Minali Nicola 1997 : absence to control (no penalty) ; 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
179. Mondini Gianpaolo 2001 : in the act

US Postal

17 years of existence, 20 cases, ie 1,18 per year

181. Armstrong Lance 1999 : positive control (no penalty) ; 1999 : laboratory inquiry
182. Andreu Frankie 1995 : confessions in 2006 (no penalty)
183. Derame Pascal
184. Hamilton Tyler 1997 : confessions in 2012 (sanction not known) ; 2001 : confessions in 2015 (no penalty) ; 2004 : positive control, confessions in 2011 (no penalty) ; 2004 : positive control ; 2009 : positive control and confessions in 2009
185. Hincapie George 1996 : confessions in 2012
186. Livingston Kevin 1999 : judicial investigation (no penalty) ; 1997 : positive control (no penalty) ; 1999 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
187. Meinert-nielsen Peter 1993 : positive control
188. Vandevelde Christian 1999 : confessions in 2012 ; 2004 : confessions in 2012 ; 2004 : confessions in 2012
189. Vaughters Jonathan 1996 : confessions in 2012 (no penalty) ; 1997 : confessions (no penalty) ; 1998 : confessions in 2012 (no penalty)

BigMat

33 years of existence, 7 cases, ie 0,21 per year

191. Auger Ludovic
192. Bourguignon Thierry
193. Capelle Christophe
194. Dacruz Carlos
195. Gouvenou Thierry
196. Lebreton Lylian 1994 : confessions in 1998 (sanction not known) ; 1996 : confessions in 1998 (sanction not known)
197. Rault Dominique
198. Sivakov Alexei
199. Sweet Jay 2001 : confessions in 2013 (no penalty)

reports a rider who was sanctioned in a doping case
reports a rider pinned in our doping directory but who has not been sanctioned or whose we are not aware of the possible sanction

Revue de presse du Tour de France 1999

• 19/11/2013 - La réplique de Verbruggen
• 18/11/2013 - Lance Armstrong: "Hein Verbruggen m'a aidé à échapper à un contrôle positif"
• 17/04/2013 - Armstrong et les corticoïdes
• 21/01/2013 - L'UCI a couvert Lance Armstrong dès le Tour 1999
• 18/01/2013 - Philippe Maire : "je ne suis pas motoman"
• 13/10/2012 - Qui est Motoman ?
• 11/10/2012 - 1999, le Tour à tout prix
• 25/01/2009 - Armstrong positif en 99 : un chercheur confirme
• 02/10/2008 - AFLD - Armstrong repousse l'offre
• 01/10/2008 - L'agence française antidopage met Armstrong au défi
• 13/02/2007 - Le CIO réprimande Dick Pound
• 13/09/2006 - Armstrong contre-attaque
• 12/09/2006 - Deux anciens équipiers d'Armstrong avouent s'être dopés
• 03/06/2006 - Ballester : "Le rapport qui blanchit Armstrong est une balle à blanc"
• 31/05/2006 - Armstrong ne s'est pas dopé dans le Tour 99, selon l'enquêteur de l'UCI
• 31/05/2006 - Le rapport Vrijman
• 24/06/2006 - Armstrong dans l'étau
• 27/02/2006 - Affaire de dopage d'Armstrong: l'UCI reconnaît une fuite
• 17/12/2005 - "Pas de preuve contre moi", dit Armstrong dans un journal belge
• 26/09/2005 - Affaire Armstrong : une contre-expertise possible
• 15/09/2005 - Verbruggen à l'origine de la fuite sur Armstrong, selon Dick Pound
• 11/09/2005 - Tour de France 99: les noms de 3 autres cyclistes révélés
• 23/08/2005 - La vérité sur Armstrong
• 04/09/2005 - Un soigneur proche d'Armstrong évoque "des choses étranges" en 1999
• 15/06/2004 - Armstrong accusé !
• 2004 - Armstrong positif aux corticoïdes
• 13/10/2000 - A Plouay, personne n'arrête Honchar
• 08/06/2000 - EPO : avec le nouveau dépistage, des coureurs des Tours 1998 et 1999 auraient été « positifs »
• 18/07/2000 - Lance Armstrong aurait souffert d'un cancer métastasé très sensible à la chimiothérapie
• 23/07/1999 - Armstrong se passe la pommade
• 21/07/1999 - Mme Buffet soutient Christophe Bassons
• 20/07/1999 - Le cas Armstrong
• 20/07/1999 - Ludo Dierckxsens victime de son honnêteté
• 18/07/1999 - Questions pour des champions
• 17/07/1999 - Le coup de blues de Christophe Bassons
• 17/07/1999 - Coup de théâtre : Christophe Bassons quitte le Tour
• 13/07/1999 - Christophe Bassons : " Je suis fier de courir à l'eau claire "
• 08/07/1999 - Wladimir Belli roule sur des oeufs pour Festina
• 03/07/1999 - Le coureur sain existe, on peut le rencontrer dans le peloton
• 02/07/1999 - Que pensent les coureurs nationaux avant le 86e tour ?
• 01/07/1999 - En Italie, six mises en examen ont été prononcées pour « distribution de produits dangereux »

See also

• The real numbers of doping (fr)
• The real numbers of doping on the Tour of Italy
• The real numbers of doping on the Tour de France
• The real numbers of doping on the Tour of Spain
• The doping cases on the Tour de France (fr)
• 
• Notes de lecture Acheter ce livre sur amazon.fr
• Notes de lecture Acheter ce livre sur amazon.fr
• Notes de lecture Acheter ce livre sur amazon.fr
• Portrait de Lance Armstrong