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Tour de France 1999 : the real numbers of doping |
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The table below establishes, team by team, the count of the riders who have been or will be subsequently "pinned" in doping cases.
Teams | Riders | Pinned | Top 10 | Pinned | Podium | Pinned |
Cofidis | 9 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Mercatone Uno | 9 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Telekom | 9 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Mapei | 9 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Rabobank | 9 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
ONCE | 9 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
Polti | 9 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Saeco | 9 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Lotto | 9 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Casino | 9 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Lampre | 9 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Kelme | 9 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Vitalicio | 9 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Crédit Agricole | 9 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Festina | 9 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
La Française des Jeux | 9 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Banesto | 9 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Cantina Tollo | 9 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
US Postal | 9 | 8 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
BigMat | 9 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Total | 180 | 91 | 10 | 8 | 3 | 2 |
Pourcentage | 51% | 80% | 67% |
Pinned: Number of riders who violated the anti-doping rules.
Included in this category: riders who have been tested positive (including refuse to submit to doping control or hematocrit> 50%), having acknowledged having doped, having been sanctioned (by the justice, their federation or their team).
Not included (for example) : those whose sample B was negative.
Top 10: number of riders present in the top 10 of the final general classification.
Podium: number of riders present in the first 3 of the final general classification.
Other data :
Ranking source : http://www.memoire-du-cyclisme.net (31/01/2008)
The ranking as it would be if we excluded all racers "pinned" in doping cases during their career.
The list of participants by team
1. Julich Bobby - 1996 : confessions in 2012 ; 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
2. De Wolf Steve - 199x : judicial investigation (no penalty)
3. Desbiens Laurent - 1996 : positive control ; 1996 : positive control ; 1996 : positive control ; 1996 : positive control ; 1998 : confessions (sanction not known) ; 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
4. Farazijn Peter - 199x : judicial investigation (no penalty)
5. Lamour Claude - 1993 : positive control
6. Lelli Massimiliano
7. Loder Thierry
8. Meier Roland - 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty) ; 2001 : positive control
9. Rinero Christophe
7 years of existence, 19 cases, ie 2,71 per year
11. Garzelli Stefano - 2002 : positive control
12. Artunghi Marco
13. Barbero Sergio - 2001 : positive control
14. Conti Roberto - 2002 : in the act
15. Coppolillo Michele - 1999 : positive control (no penalty)
16. Fincato Marco
17. Forconi Riccardo - 1998 : positive control ; 2001 : positive control
18. Konyshev Dimitri
19. Napolitano Massimiliano
23 years of existence, 38 cases, ie 1,65 per year
21. Zabel Erik - 1994 : positive control (no penalty) ; 1996 : confessions in 2007 and 2013 ; 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
22. Bolts Udo - 1995 : confessions in 2007 (sanction not known)
23. Elli Alberto - 2001 : in the act
24. Guerini Giuseppe
25. Hundertmarck Kai
26. Jaksche Jörg - 1999 : police investigation ; 2004 : confessions in 2015 (no penalty)
27. Schaffrath Jan
28. Totschnig Georg - 2005 : judicial investigation (sanction not known)
29. Wesemann Steffen
30 years of existence, 26 cases, ie 0,87 per year
31. Tonkov Pavel - 1999 : blood test (sanction not known)
32. Bramati Davide
33. Faresin Gianni - 2000 : blood test (sanction not known)
34. Fernandez Gines Manuel
35. Lanfranchi Paolo
36. Leysen Bart
37. Merckx Axel - 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
38. Nardello Daniele - 1999 : positive control (no penalty)
39. Steels Tom - 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty) ; 1999 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
39 years of existence, 24 cases, ie 0,62 per year
41. Boogerd Michael - 2005 : confessions in 2013
42. Dekker Erik - 1999 : positive control
43. Den Bakker Maarten
44. Jonker Patrick
45. Lotz Marc - 2005 : judicial investigation and confessions
46. Mcewen Robbie
47. Van Bon Leon
48. Wauters Marc
49. Zberg Beat
18 years of existence, 19 cases, ie 1,06 per year
51. Olano Abraham - 1994 : positive control ; 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
52. Diaz Justo Rafael
53. Etxebarria David - 2004 : positive control
54. Garcia Alonso Marcelino
55. Gonzalez Capilla Santos - 2005 : internal control (no penalty) ; 2005 : internal control (no penalty) ; 2006 : positive control
56. Perez Rodriguez Luis
57. Peron Andrea - 2001 : in the act (no penalty) ; 2004 : in the act (no penalty) ; 2011 : positive control (sanction not known)
58. Rebollo Jose-luis
59. Serrano Rodriguez Marcos-antonio - 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
61. Gotti Ivan - 1998 : blood test (sanction not known) ; 2001 : in the act
62. Brasi Rossano - 2000 : blood test
63. Cattai Stefano
64. Crepaldi Mirko - 2018 : police investigation (sanction not known)
65. Goubert Stéphane
66. Martinello Silvio
67. Pellicioli Oscar
68. Sacchi Fabio - 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty) ; 2002 : in the act
69. Virenque Richard - 1994 : confessions in 2000 ; 1998 : blood test, urine, hair (sanction not known) ; 1999 : blood test (sanction not known) ; 1999 : confessions in 1999 (sanction not known)
15 years of existence, 20 cases, ie 1,33 per year
71. Cipollini Mario - 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
72. Calcaterra Giuseppe - 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
73. Commesso Salvatore - 2001 : in the act
74. Dufaux Laurent - 1998 : blood test, urine, hair, confessions in 1998
75. Fagnini Gianmatteo
76. Meier Armin - 1998 : confessions in 1998 ; 1998 : blood test, urine, hair
77. Savoldelli Paolo - 2005 : disciplinary investigation
78. Scirea Mario - 2004 : in the act
79. Secchiari Francesco
81. Aerts Mario
82. De Waele Fabien
83. Demarbaix Sebastien
84. Durand Jacky - 1996 : positive control ; 1996 : positive control ; 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
85. Marichal Thierry - 1996 : judicial investigation (no penalty)
86. Van De Wouwer Kurt
87. Verbrugghe Rik
88. Verheyen Geert
89. Wuyts Peter
91. Vinokourov Alexandre - 2004 : absence to control (no penalty) ; 2007 : positive control
92. Barthe Stéphane - 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty) ; 199x : judicial investigation (no penalty)
93. Bessy Frédéric
94. Chanteur Pascal - 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
95. Gougot Fabrice
96. Kirsipuu Jan - 1993 : positive control (sanction not known)
97. Maignan Gilles
98. Oriol Christophe
99. Salmon Benoit
24 years of existence, 34 cases, ie 1,42 per year
101. Serpellini Marco - 2005 : police investigation (sanction not known)
102. Belohvosciks Raivis
103. Dierckxsens Ludo - 1999 : confessions in 1999
104. Padrnos Pavel - 2001 : in the act (sanction not known)
105. Piccoli Mariano - 1999 : police investigation (sanction not known) ; 1999 : positive control (no penalty) ; 2001 : police investigation (no penalty) ; 2005 : police investigation (sanction not known) ; 2010 : police investigation ; 201x : judicial investigation (no penalty)
106. Pinotti Marco
107. Spruch Zbigniew
108. Svorada Jan
109. Verstrepen Johan
36 years of existence, 27 cases, ie 0,75 per year
111. Escartin Fernando
112. Castelblanco Jose - 1996 : positive control ; 1999 : laboratory inquiry (no penalty) ; 2004 : positive control
113. Contreras Carlos-alberto
114. De Los Angeles Juan-josé
115. Gomez Gonzalo José Javier
116. Otxoa Javier - 1999 : positive control
117. Pascual Llorente Javier - 2003 : positive control
118. Pascual Rodriguez Javier - 2003 : positive control
119. Vidal Jose-angel
3 years of existence, 4 cases, ie 1,33 per year
121. Casero Angel - 1996 : positive control (no penalty)
122. Aggiano Elio
123. Buenahora Hernan - 2006 : positive control ; 2008 : positive control
124. Cerezo Perales Francisco
125. Garcia Rodriguez Francisco-tomas - 2001 : positive control
126. Gonzales De Galdeano Alvaro - 2000 : positive control ; 2001 : police investigation (sanction not known)
127. Horrillo Munoz Pedro - 2007 : positive control (no penalty)
128. Indurain Prudencio
129. Salmeron Gines
67 years of existence, 75 cases, ie 1,12 per year
131. Simon François
132. Backstedt Magnus
133. Boardman Chris
134. Hinault Sébastien
135. Langella Anthony
136. O'grady Stuart - 1998 : senate inquiry and confessions in 2013 (no penalty)
137. Vasseur Cédric
138. Vogels Henk (aus)
139. Voigt Jens
12 years of existence, 31 cases, ie 2,58 per year
141. Belli Wladimir
142. Brochard Laurent - 1991 : positive control (no penalty) ; 1997 : confessions in 2000 (no penalty) ; 1998 : confessions in 1998 ; 1998 : positive control
143. Hernandez Jaime
144. Huser Rolf
145. Jeker Fabian
146. Lefèvre Laurent
147. Madouas Laurent - 1994 : positive control
148. Moreau Christophe - 1996 : confessions in 1998 ; 1998 : positive control ; 1998 : blood test, urine, hair, confessions (no penalty) ; 2008 : medical control
149. Rous Didier - 1998 : analyses sang, urine, cheveux et aveux en 1998
26 years of existence, 12 cases, ie 0,46 per year
151. Robin Jean-cyril - 199x : confessions in 2004 (sanction not known)
152. Bassons Christophe - 2012 : absence to control (no penalty)
153. Casper Jimmy - 2007 : positive control (no penalty) ; 2008 : positive control (no penalty)
154. Guesdon Frédéric
155. Heulot Stéphane
156. Mengin Christophe
157. Michaelsen Lars - 1998 : judicial investigation (no penalty)
158. Morin Anthony
159. Nazon Damien
43 years of existence, 29 cases, ie 0,67 per year
161. Zülle Alex - 1993 : positive control (no penalty) ; 1994 : positive control (no penalty) ; 1998 : blood test, urine, hair ; 1998 : confessions in 1998 (sanction not known)
162. Arrieta Lujambio José Luis - 2001 : police investigation (sanction not known)
163. Beltran Manuel - 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty) ; 1999 : positive control (no penalty) ; 1999 : laboratory inquiry (no penalty) ; 2008 : positive control
164. Garcia Acosta Jose-vicente
165. Mancebo Francisco - 2006 : police investigation
166. Navas Chica David - 2001 : police investigation (sanction not known)
167. Odriozola Mugarza Jon - 1997 : absence to control (no penalty) ; 2001 : police investigation (sanction not known)
168. Pena Miguel Angel
169. Solaun Solana César - 2001 : police investigation (sanction not known)
12 years of existence, 16 cases, ie 1,33 per year
171. Hamburger Bo - 1993 : positive control (no penalty) ; 1995 : confessions in 2007 (no penalty) ; 1998 : confessions in 1998 (sanction not known) ; 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty) ; 1999 : positive control (no penalty) ; 1999 : laboratory inquiry (no penalty) ; 2001 : positive control ; 2003 : positive control
172. Baronti Alessandro - 2003 : positive control
173. Colombo Gabriele
174. Di Biase Moreno
175. Giunti Massimo - 2010 : positive control
176. Ljungqvist Marcus
177. Mazzanti Luca
178. Minali Nicola - 1997 : absence to control (no penalty) ; 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
179. Mondini Gianpaolo - 2001 : in the act
17 years of existence, 20 cases, ie 1,18 per year
181. Armstrong Lance - 1999 : positive control (no penalty) ; 1999 : laboratory inquiry (no penalty)
182. Andreu Frankie - 1995 : confessions in 2006 (no penalty)
183. Deramé Pascal
184. Hamilton Tyler - 1997 : confessions in 2012 (sanction not known) ; 2001 : confessions in 2015 (no penalty) ; 2004 : positive control, confessions in 2011 (no penalty) ; 2004 : positive control ; 2009 : positive control and confessions in 2009
185. Hincapie George - 1996 : confessions in 2012
186. Livingston Kevin - 1999 : judicial investigation (no penalty) ; 1997 : positive control (no penalty) ; 1999 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
187. Meinert-nielsen Peter - 1993 : positive control
188. Vandevelde Christian - 1999 : confessions in 2012 ; 2004 : confessions in 2012 ; 2004 : confessions in 2012
189. Vaughters Jonathan - 1996 : confessions in 2012 (no penalty) ; 1997 : confessions (no penalty) ; 1998 : confessions in 2012 (no penalty)
30 years of existence, 7 cases, ie 0,23 per year
191. Auger Ludovic
192. Bourguignon Thierry
193. Capelle Christophe
194. Da Cruz Carlos
195. Gouvenou Thierry
196. Lebreton Lylian - 1994 : confessions in 1998 (sanction not known) ; 1996 : confessions in 1998 (sanction not known)
197. Rault Dominique
198. Sivakov Alexei
199. Sweet Jay - 2001 : confessions in 2013 (no penalty)