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Tour de France 1981 : the real numbers of doping |
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The table below establishes, team by team, the count of the riders who have been or will be subsequently "pinned" in doping cases.
Teams | Riders | Pinned | Top 10 | Pinned | Podium | Pinned |
TI RALEIGH-CREDA | 10 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
PEUGEOT-ESSO-MICHELIN | 10 | 7 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
MIKO-MERCIER-VIVAGEL | 10 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
WICKES-SPLENDOR-EUROP DECOR | 10 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
SEM-FRANCE LOIRE-CAMPAGNOLO | 10 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
LA REDOUTE-MOTOBECANE | 10 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
CAPRI SONNE-KOGA MIYATA | 10 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
PUCH-WOLBER-CAMPAGNOLO | 10 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
BOSTON-MAVIC | 10 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
TEKA | 10 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
DAF TRUCKS-COTE D'OR-GAZELLE | 10 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
KELME | 10 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
SUNAIR-SPORT 80-COLNAGO | 10 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
RENAULT-ELF-GITANE | 10 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
VERMEER-THIJS-GIOS | 10 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Total | 150 | 67 | 10 | 8 | 3 | 3 |
Pourcentage | 45% | 80% | 100% |
Pinned: Number of riders who violated the anti-doping rules.
Included in this category: riders who have been tested positive (including refuse to submit to doping control or hematocrit> 50%), having acknowledged having doped, having been sanctioned (by the justice, their federation or their team).
Not included (for example) : those whose sample B was negative.
Top 10: number of riders present in the top 10 of the final general classification.
Podium: number of riders present in the first 3 of the final general classification.
Other data :
Ranking source : www.memoire-du-cyclisme.net (31/01/2008)
The ranking as it would be if we excluded all racers "pinned" in doping cases during their career.
The list of participants by team
20 years of existence, 9 cases, ie 0,45 per year
1. Zoetemelk Joop - 1976 : confessions in 1977 (no penalty) ; 1977 : positive control ; 1978 : confessions in 1979 (no penalty) ; 1979 : positive control ; 1983 : positive control
2. Freuler Urs - 1990 : positive control ; 1991 : positive control
3. Hoste Frank
4. Knetemann Gerrie - 1974 : positive control (no penalty) ; 1977 : positive control (no penalty)
5. Lubberding Henk
6. Peeters Ludo
7. Priem Cees - 1998 : in the act
8. Van Den Hoek Aad - 1972 : positive control
9. Van Der Velde Johann - 1981 : positive control ; 198x : confessions in 1990 (sanction not known)
10. Wijnands Adrie
67 years of existence, 75 cases, ie 1,12 per year
11. Bernaudeau Jean-rené - 1982 : absence to control (no penalty) ; 1985 : confessions in 1990 (no penalty) ; 1986 : absence to control (sanction not known)
12. Anderson Phil - 1983 : positive control
13. Bossis Jacques - 1983 : positive control
14. Bourreau Bernard - 1976 : fraud (sanction not known) ; 1976 : fraud
15. Duclos-lassalle Gilbert - 1989 : absence to control (no penalty)
16. Jones Graham
17. Laurent Michel
18. Legeay Roger - 1974 : positive control
19. Linard Hubert
20. Perret Patrick - 1982 : absence to control (sanction not known)
45 years of existence, 32 cases, ie 0,71 per year
21. Martin Raymond - 1982 : positive control
22. Andersen Kim - 1985 : positive control ; 1985 : positive control ; 1986 : positive control ; 1986 : positive control ; 1986 : positive control ; 1987 : positive control (no penalty) ; 1992 : positive control
23. Clère Régis - 1986 : police investigation (no penalty)
24. Friou Patrick
25. Gallopin Joël - 1979 : positive control
26. Gauthier Jean-louis
27. Lebaud Didier
28. Levavasseur Christian
29. Mathis Hubert - 1982 : positive control
30. Seznec Christian - 1988 : positive control
31. De Muynck Johan
32. Broers Johnny
33. Colman Rudy
34. Criquielion Claude - 1985 : positive control (no penalty)
35. Kelly Sean - 1984 : positive control ; 1988 : positive control
36. Nilsson Sven-ake
37. Planckaert Eddy - 1988 : positive control ; 1991 : confessions in 1998 (no penalty)
38. Planckaert Walter - 1977 : positive control
39. Urbany Eugène
40. Van Calster Guido - 1986 : positive control
41. Agostinho Joachim - 1969 : positive control ; 1972 : positive control ; 1973 : positive control ; 1977 : positive control
42. Beucherie Serge
43. Clerc Patrick - 1981 : confessions (no penalty) ; 1982 : confessions (no penalty) ; 1982 : absence to control (no penalty) ; 1983 : positive control (sanction not known) ; 1986 : police investigation (no penalty)
44. Hosotte Jean-paul
45. Hosotte Patrick - 1979 : positive control
46. Mendes Fernando - 1977 : positive control ; 1980 : absence to control
47. Michaud Jacques
48. Moerlen Patrick
49. Zweifel Albert
50. Tinazzi Marcel - 1982 : absence to control ; 1984 : positive control
6 years of existence, 6 cases, ie 1 per year
51. Alban Robert - 1981 : positive control
52. Bazzo Pierre - 1983 : positive control
53. Durant Marc
54. Martinez Mariano - 197x : confessions in 1997 (no penalty) ; 1980 : absence to control (no penalty)
55. Pescheux Jean-françois
56. Sherwen Paul
57. Vallet Bernard - 1982 : absence to control
58. Vandenbroucke Jean-luc - 1976 : positive control ; 1976 : positive control ; 1976 : positive control (sanction not known) ; 1978 : positive control and confessions in 1978 (no penalty)
59. Van Den Haute Ferdi - 1982 : positive control
60. Vanoverschelde Didier - 1983 : positive control
61. Willems Daniel
62. Claes Ronny
63. Delcroix Ludo
64. De Rooy Theo - 198x : confessions in 2014 (no penalty)
65. Jacobs Jozef
66. Pevenage Rudy - 2006 : police investigation, confessions in 2010
67. Van De Wiele Eric
68. Wayenberg Dirk
69. Wilmann Jostein
70. Winnen Peter - 1986 : confessions in 1998 (no penalty)
71. Thévenet Bernard - 1976 : 2 positive controls (sanction not known) ; 1977 : positive control ; 197x : confessions in 1978 (no penalty)
72. Arnaud Dominique
73. Chassang Jean - 1989 : positive control
74. De Carvalho Alain
75. Hézard Yves - 1971 : positive control
76. Osmont Jacques
77. Ovion Régis - 1976 : positive control
78. Schoenbacher Gerhard
79. Thaler Klaus-peter
80. Vincendeau Claude - 1981 : absence to control
81. Van Impe Lucien - 1981 : absence to control
82. De Cnijf Roger
83. De Grauwe Luc
84. Goossens Marc
85. Jonkers Jan
86. Meslet Alain - 1978 : positive control (no penalty) ; 198x : confessions in 1981 (no penalty) ; 199x : confessions in 2001 (poitier trial)
87. Nevens Jan
88. Tesnière Philippe
89. Teirlinck Willy - 1977 : positive control
90. Vermeulen Benjamin
91. Lejarreta Marino - 1985 : positive control
92. Alfonsel Bernardo
93. Cueli Arce Faustino
94. Dejonckheere Noël
95. Fernandez Blanco Alberto - 1979 : positive control (sanction not known) ; 1981 : positive control ; 1982 : positive control ; 1983 : positive control
96. Garcia Eulalio - 1978 : fraud
97. Lejarreta Ismaël
98. Martinez Paulino - 1983 : positive control
99. Mayoz José-luis
100. Ruiz Cabestany Jorge
101. Kuiper Hennie
102. Colijn Luc
103. Dierickx Marc
104. De Vos Hendrik - 1987 : positive control (sanction not known)
105. Laurens Marcel
106. Martens René
107. Nulens Guy
108. Schepers Eddy - 1983 : positive control (sanction not known)
109. Stamsnijder Hennie
110. Tackaert William - 1986 : positive control (sanction not known) ; 1986 : positive control ; 1987 : positive control (sanction not known) ; 1987 : positive control (sanction not known)
36 years of existence, 27 cases, ie 0,75 per year
111. Fernandez Juan
112. Albelda Francisco - 1981 : positive control
113. Belda Vicente - 1982 : positive control ; 2001 : police investigation (sanction not known) ; 2006 : police investigation (sanction not known)
114. Fortia Jorge
115. Guzman Delgado Jesus
116. Ladron De Guevarra Rafael
117. Murga Imanol
118. Perea Avelino
119. Suarez Cueva Jésus - 1979 : positive control (sanction not known)
120. Vilamajo Jaime
121. Verlinden Gery - 1986 : positive control ; 1986 : positive control
122. De Roo Alain
123. Dewitte Ronald - 1974 : positive control
124. Maertens Freddy - 1974 : positive control (sanction not known) ; 1977 : positive control ; 1977 : positive control ; 1977 : positive control ; 1977 : confessions in 1978 (no penalty) ; 1978 : police investigation (sanction not known) ; 1986 : positive control (sanction not known)
125. Pirard Frits
126. Vandeperre Eric
127. Van Houwelingen Jan
128. Wellens Paul - 1985 : absence to control (sanction not known)
129. Wellens Leo
130. Wellens Johan
24 years of existence, 21 cases, ie 0,88 per year
131. Hinault Bernard - 1982 : absence to control (no penalty)
132. Arbes Hubert
133. Becaas Bernard
134. Bérard Charly - 1978 : positive control ; 1987 : positive control
135. Bertin Yvon
136. Boyer Jonathan
137. Didier Lucien - 1982 : positive control
138. Le Guilloux Maurice - 1973 : positive control
139. Rodriguez Jean-françois - 1983 : positive control (sanction not known)
140. Vigneron Alain
141. De Wolf Alfons
142. Beyssens Herman
143. Bogaert Jan
144. De Gendt Franky
145. De Schoenmaecker Joseph
146. Liboton Roland
147. Luyten Louis
148. Pollentier Michel - 1974 : positive control ; 1977 : positive control ; 1978 : fraud
148. Van Houwelingen Adrie
150. Verstraeten Eddy