Tour de France 1981 : the real numbers of doping

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Last update : 13/05/2019

Statistics

The table below establishes, team by team, the count of the riders who have been or will be subsequently "pinned" in doping cases.

Teams Riders Pinned Top 10 Pinned Podium Pinned
TI RALEIGH-CREDA 10 5 1 1 0 0
PEUGEOT-ESSO-MICHELIN 10 7 2 2 0 0
MIKO-MERCIER-VIVAGEL 10 6 0 0 0 0
WICKES-SPLENDOR-EUROP DECOR 10 5 3 1 0 0
SEM-FRANCE LOIRE-CAMPAGNOLO 10 5 0 0 0 0
LA REDOUTE-MOTOBECANE 10 7 1 1 1 1
CAPRI SONNE-KOGA MIYATA 10 3 1 1 0 0
PUCH-WOLBER-CAMPAGNOLO 10 5 0 0 0 0
BOSTON-MAVIC 10 3 1 1 1 1
TEKA 10 4 0 0 0 0
DAF TRUCKS-COTE D'OR-GAZELLE 10 3 0 0 0 0
KELME 10 3 0 0 0 0
SUNAIR-SPORT 80-COLNAGO 10 4 0 0 0 0
RENAULT-ELF-GITANE 10 5 1 1 1 1
VERMEER-THIJS-GIOS 10 1 0 0 0 0
Total 150 66 10 8 3 3
Pourcentage 44% 80% 100%

Pinned: Number of riders who violated the anti-doping rules.
Included in this category: riders who have been tested positive (including refuse to submit to doping control or hematocrit> 50%), having acknowledged having doped, having been sanctioned (by the justice, their federation or their team).
Not included (for example) : those whose sample B was negative.
Top 10: number of riders present in the top 10 of the final general classification.
Podium: number of riders present in the first 3 of the final general classification.

Other statistics :



The official ranking

Ranking source : www.memoire-du-cyclisme.net (31/01/2008)

  1. Hinault Bernard in 96h19'38'' - 1982 : absence to control (no penalty)
  2. Van Impe Lucien at 14'34'' - 1981 : absence to control
  3. Alban Robert at 17'04'' - 1981 : positive control
  4. Zoetemelk Joop at 18'21'' - 1976 : confessions in 1977 (no penalty) ; 1977 : positive control ; 1978 : confessions in 1979 (no penalty) ; 1979 : positive control ; 1983 : positive control ; 198x : positive control (sanction not known)
  5. Winnen Peter at 20'26'' - 1986 : confessions in 1998 (no penalty)
  6. Bernaudeau Jean-rené at 23'02'' - 1982 : absence to control (no penalty) ; 1985 : confessions in 1990 (no penalty) ; 1986 : absence to control (sanction not known)
  7. De Muynck Johan at 24'25''
  8. Nilsson Sven-ake at 24'37''
  9. Criquielion Claude at 26'18'' - 1985 : positive control (no penalty)
  10. Anderson Phil at 27'00'' - 1983 : positive control
  11. De Wolf Alfons at 28'53''
  12. Van Der Velde Johann at 29'46'' - 1981 : positive control ; 198x : confessions in 1990 (sanction not known)
  13. Tinazzi Marcel at 30'03'' - 1982 : absence to control ; 1984 : positive control
  14. Wellens Paul at 32'09'' - 1985 : absence to control (sanction not known)
  15. Martinez Mariano at 32'16'' - 197x : confessions in 1997 (no penalty) ; 1980 : absence to control (no penalty)
  16. Schepers Eddy at 33'27'' - 1983 : positive control (sanction not known)
  17. Martin Raymond at 33'41'' - 1982 : positive control
  18. Laurent Michel at 34'41''
  19. Rodriguez Jean-françois at 38'32'' - 1983 : positive control (sanction not known)
  20. Jones Graham at 41'06''
  21. Fernandez Blanco Alberto at 42'27'' - 1979 : positive control (sanction not known) ; 1981 : positive control ; 1982 : positive control ; 1983 : positive control
  22. Didier Lucien at 49'26'' - 1982 : positive control
  23. Michaud Jacques at 50'23''
  24. Arnaud Dominique at 52'15''
  25. Verlinden Gery at 52'48'' - 1986 : positive control ; 1986 : positive control
  26. Vanoverschelde Didier at 53'13'' - 1983 : positive control
  27. Bérard Charly at 56'06'' - 1978 : positive control ; 1987 : positive control
  28. Duclos-lassalle Gilbert at 56'37'' - 1989 : absence to control (no penalty)
  29. Ovion Régis at 56'43'' - 1976 : positive control
  30. Kuiper Hennie at 57'21''
  31. Bazzo Pierre at 58'00'' - 1983 : positive control
  32. Boyer Jonathan at 59'21''
  33. Beucherie Serge at 1h01'40''
  34. Wilmann Jostein at 1h02'46''
  35. Lejarreta Marino at 1h10'37'' - 1985 : positive control
  36. Seznec Christian at 1h12'43'' - 1988 : positive control
  37. Thévenet Bernard at 1h12'48'' - 1976 : 2 positive controls (sanction not known) ; 1977 : positive control ; 197x : confessions in 1978 (no penalty)
  38. Belda Vicente at 1h14'23'' - 1982 : positive control ; 2001 : police investigation (sanction not known) ; 2006 : police investigation (sanction not known)
  39. De Rooy Theo at 1h16'02'' - 198x : confessions in 2014 (no penalty)
  40. Claes Ronny at 1h17'08''
  41. Meslet Alain at 1h18'38'' - 1978 : positive control (no penalty) ; 198x : confessions in 1981 (no penalty) ; 199x : confessions in 2001 (poitier trial)
  42. Fortia Jorge at 1h23'28''
  43. Vigneron Alain at 1h24'52''
  44. Perret Patrick at 1h25'55'' - 1982 : absence to control (sanction not known)
  45. Vallet Bernard at 1h26'10'' - 1982 : absence to control
  46. Linard Hubert at 1h26'12''
  47. Friou Patrick at 1h27'20''
  48. Kelly Sean at 1h28'24'' - 1984 : positive control ; 1988 : positive control
  49. Thaler Klaus-peter at 1h28'51''
  50. Fernandez Juan at 1h30'46''
  51. Clère Régis at 1h31'01'' - 1986 : police investigation (no penalty)
  52. Nulens Guy at 1h33'39''
  53. De Carvalho Alain at 1h35'25''
  54. Lubberding Henk at 1h37'43''
  55. Knetemann Gerrie at 1h39'54'' - 1974 : positive control (no penalty) ; 1977 : positive control (no penalty)
  56. Le Guilloux Maurice at 1h41'25'' - 1973 : positive control
  57. De Vos Hendrik at 1h42'05'' - 1987 : positive control (sanction not known)
  58. Gauthier Jean-louis at 1h42'12''
  59. Peeters Ludo at 1h43'05''
  60. Arbes Hubert at 1h43'45''
  61. Legeay Roger at 1h43'56'' - 1974 : positive control
  62. Dewitte Ronald at 1h44'07'' - 1974 : positive control
  63. Bossis Jacques at 1h44'39'' - 1983 : positive control
  64. Lejarreta Ismaël at 1h44'49''
  65. Colman Rudy at 1h46'53''
  66. Maertens Freddy at 1h47'34'' - 1974 : positive control (sanction not known) ; 1977 : positive control ; 1977 : positive control ; 1977 : positive control ; 1977 : confessions in 1978 (no penalty) ; 1978 : police investigation (sanction not known) ; 1986 : positive control (sanction not known)
  67. De Schoenmaecker Joseph at 1h47'54''
  68. Becaas Bernard at 1h48'05''
  69. Alfonsel Bernardo at 1h49'11''
  70. Chassang Jean at 1h50'34'' - 1989 : positive control
  71. Hézard Yves at 1h52'15'' - 1971 : positive control
  72. Bourreau Bernard at 1h56'32'' - 1976 : fraud (sanction not known) ; 1976 : fraud
  73. Mathis Hubert at 1h58'29'' - 1982 : positive control
  74. Delcroix Ludo at 1h59'59''
  75. Pevenage Rudy at 2h00'34'' - 2006 : police investigation, confessions in 2010
  76. Luyten Louis at 2h02'01''
  77. Levavasseur Christian at 2h02'36''
  78. Moerlen Patrick at 2h03'20''
  79. Beyssens Herman at 2h03'25''
  80. Stamsnijder Hennie at 2h05'31''
  81. Van Houwelingen Adrie at 2h06'20''
  82. Vandenbroucke Jean-luc at 2h07'14'' - 1976 : positive control ; 1976 : positive control ; 1976 : positive control (sanction not known) ; 1978 : positive control and confessions in 1978 (no penalty)
  83. Martens René at 2h07'41''
  84. Jacobs Jozef at 2h08'21''
  85. Bertin Yvon at 2h10'08''
  86. Gallopin Joël at 2h10'22'' - 1979 : positive control
  87. De Cnijf Roger at 2h10'47''
  88. Pescheux Jean-françois at 2h12'04''
  89. De Gendt Franky at 2h12'42''
  90. Hosotte Patrick at 2h12'49'' - 1979 : positive control
  91. Martinez Paulino at 2h13'12'' - 1983 : positive control
  92. Durant Marc at 2h13'51''
  93. Tackaert William at 2h21'50'' - 1986 : positive control (sanction not known) ; 1986 : positive control ; 1987 : positive control (sanction not known) ; 1987 : positive control (sanction not known)
  94. Pirard Frits at 2h23'40''
  95. Hoste Frank at 2h23'56''
  96. Urbany Eugène at 2h25'01''
  97. Guzman Delgado Jesus at 2h25'38''
  98. Hosotte Jean-paul at 2h28'09''
  99. Van Den Haute Ferdi at 2h28'11'' - 1982 : positive control
  100. Vilamajo Jaime at 2h29'41''
  101. Garcia Eulalio at 2h30'43'' - 1978 : fraud
  102. Wellens Leo at 2h30'46''
  103. Albelda Francisco at 2h33'54'' - 1981 : positive control
  104. Murga Imanol at 2h35'45''
  105. Suarez Cueva Jésus at 2h37'36'' - 1979 : positive control (sanction not known)
  106. Dierickx Marc at 2h38'10''
  107. Wayenberg Dirk at 2h40'27''
  108. Verstraeten Eddy at 2h44'22''
  109. Zweifel Albert at 2h44'24''
  110. Laurens Marcel at 2h45'21''
  111. Teirlinck Willy at 2h46'44'' - 1977 : positive control
  112. Schoenbacher Gerhard at 2h51'30''
  113. Broers Johnny at 3h01'58''
  114. De Grauwe Luc at 3h05'51''
  115. Van Den Hoek Aad at 3h11'29''
  116. Jonkers Jan at 3h15'21''
  117. Wellens Johan at 3h16'02''
  118. Ruiz Cabestany Jorge at 3h16'13''
  119. De Roo Alain at 3h19'07''
  120. Tesnière Philippe at 4h14'59''
  121. Cueli Arce Faustino at 4h29'54''



The alternative ranking

The ranking as it would be if we excluded all racers "pinned" in doping cases during their career.

  1. De Muynck Johan
  2. Nilsson Sven-ake
  3. De Wolf Alfons
  4. Laurent Michel
  5. Jones Graham
  6. Michaud Jacques
  7. Arnaud Dominique
  8. Kuiper Hennie
  9. Boyer Jonathan
  10. Beucherie Serge
  11. Wilmann Jostein
  12. Claes Ronny
  13. Fortia Jorge
  14. Vigneron Alain
  15. Linard Hubert
  16. Friou Patrick
  17. Thaler Klaus-peter
  18. Fernandez Juan
  19. Nulens Guy
  20. De Carvalho Alain
  21. Lubberding Henk
  22. Gauthier Jean-louis
  23. Peeters Ludo
  24. Arbes Hubert
  25. Lejarreta Ismaël
  26. Colman Rudy
  27. De Schoenmaecker Joseph
  28. Becaas Bernard
  29. Alfonsel Bernardo
  30. Delcroix Ludo
  31. Luyten Louis
  32. Levavasseur Christian
  33. Moerlen Patrick
  34. Beyssens Herman
  35. Stamsnijder Hennie
  36. Van Houwelingen Adrie
  37. Martens René
  38. Jacobs Jozef
  39. Bertin Yvon
  40. De Cnijf Roger
  41. Pescheux Jean-françois
  42. De Gendt Franky
  43. Durant Marc
  44. Pirard Frits
  45. Hoste Frank
  46. Urbany Eugène
  47. Guzman Delgado Jesus
  48. Hosotte Jean-paul
  49. Vilamajo Jaime
  50. Wellens Leo
  51. Murga Imanol
  52. Dierickx Marc
  53. Wayenberg Dirk
  54. Verstraeten Eddy
  55. Zweifel Albert
  56. Laurens Marcel
  57. Schoenbacher Gerhard
  58. Broers Johnny
  59. De Grauwe Luc
  60. Van Den Hoek Aad
  61. Jonkers Jan
  62. Wellens Johan
  63. Ruiz Cabestany Jorge
  64. De Roo Alain
  65. Tesnière Philippe
  66. Cueli Arce Faustino



The list of participants

The list of participants by team

TI RALEIGH-CREDA

20 years of existence, 9 cases, ie 0,45 per year

1. Zoetemelk Joop - 1976 : confessions in 1977 (no penalty) ; 1977 : positive control ; 1978 : confessions in 1979 (no penalty) ; 1979 : positive control ; 1983 : positive control ; 198x : positive control (sanction not known)
2. Freuler Urs - 1990 : positive control ; 1991 : positive control
3. Hoste Frank
4. Knetemann Gerrie - 1974 : positive control (no penalty) ; 1977 : positive control (no penalty)
5. Lubberding Henk
6. Peeters Ludo
7. Priem Cees - 1998 : in the act
8. Van Den Hoek Aad
9. Van Der Velde Johann - 1981 : positive control ; 198x : confessions in 1990 (sanction not known)
10. Wijnands Adrie

PEUGEOT-ESSO-MICHELIN

64 years of existence, 73 cases, ie 1,14 per year

11. Bernaudeau Jean-rené - 1982 : absence to control (no penalty) ; 1985 : confessions in 1990 (no penalty) ; 1986 : absence to control (sanction not known)
12. Anderson Phil - 1983 : positive control
13. Bossis Jacques - 1983 : positive control
14. Bourreau Bernard - 1976 : fraud (sanction not known) ; 1976 : fraud
15. Duclos-lassalle Gilbert - 1989 : absence to control (no penalty)
16. Jones Graham
17. Laurent Michel
18. Legeay Roger - 1974 : positive control
19. Linard Hubert
20. Perret Patrick - 1982 : absence to control (sanction not known)

MIKO-MERCIER-VIVAGEL

45 years of existence, 32 cases, ie 0,71 per year

21. Martin Raymond - 1982 : positive control
22. Andersen Kim - 1985 : positive control ; 1985 : positive control ; 1986 : positive control ; 1986 : positive control ; 1986 : positive control ; 1987 : positive control (no penalty) ; 1992 : positive control
23. Clère Régis - 1986 : police investigation (no penalty)
24. Friou Patrick
25. Gallopin Joël - 1979 : positive control
26. Gauthier Jean-louis
27. Lebaud Didier
28. Levavasseur Christian
29. Mathis Hubert - 1982 : positive control
30. Seznec Christian - 1988 : positive control

WICKES-SPLENDOR-EUROP DECOR

31. De Muynck Johan
32. Broers Johnny
33. Colman Rudy
34. Criquielion Claude - 1985 : positive control (no penalty)
35. Kelly Sean - 1984 : positive control ; 1988 : positive control
36. Nilsson Sven-ake
37. Planckaert Eddy - 1988 : positive control ; 1991 : confessions in 1998 (sanction not known)
38. Planckaert Walter - 1977 : positive control
39. Urbany Eugène
40. Van Calster Guido - 1986 : positive control

SEM-FRANCE LOIRE-CAMPAGNOLO

8 years of existence, 9 cases, ie 1,12 per year

41. Agostinho Joachim - 1969 : positive control ; 1972 : positive control ; 1973 : positive control ; 1977 : positive control
42. Beucherie Serge
43. Clerc Patrick - 1981 : confessions (no penalty) ; 1982 : confessions (no penalty) ; 1982 : absence to control (no penalty) ; 1983 : positive control (sanction not known) ; 1986 : police investigation (no penalty)
44. Hosotte Jean-paul
45. Hosotte Patrick - 1979 : positive control
46. Mendes Fernando - 1977 : positive control ; 1980 : absence to control
47. Michaud Jacques
48. Moerlen Patrick
49. Zweifel Albert
50. Tinazzi Marcel - 1982 : absence to control ; 1984 : positive control

LA REDOUTE-MOTOBECANE

6 years of existence, 6 cases, ie 1 per year

51. Alban Robert - 1981 : positive control
52. Bazzo Pierre - 1983 : positive control
53. Durant Marc
54. Martinez Mariano - 197x : confessions in 1997 (no penalty) ; 1980 : absence to control (no penalty)
55. Pescheux Jean-françois
56. Sherwen Paul
57. Vallet Bernard - 1982 : absence to control
58. Vandenbroucke Jean-luc - 1976 : positive control ; 1976 : positive control ; 1976 : positive control (sanction not known) ; 1978 : positive control and confessions in 1978 (no penalty)
59. Van Den Haute Ferdi - 1982 : positive control
60. Vanoverschelde Didier - 1983 : positive control

CAPRI SONNE-KOGA MIYATA

61. Willems Daniel
62. Claes Ronny
63. Delcroix Ludo
64. De Rooy Theo - 198x : confessions in 2014 (no penalty)
65. Jacobs Jozef
66. Pevenage Rudy - 2006 : police investigation, confessions in 2010
67. Van De Wiele Eric
68. Wayenberg Dirk
69. Wilmann Jostein
70. Winnen Peter - 1986 : confessions in 1998 (no penalty)

PUCH-WOLBER-CAMPAGNOLO

5 years of existence, 7 cases, ie 1,4 per year

71. Thévenet Bernard - 1976 : 2 positive controls (sanction not known) ; 1977 : positive control ; 197x : confessions in 1978 (no penalty)
72. Arnaud Dominique
73. Chassang Jean - 1989 : positive control
74. De Carvalho Alain
75. Hézard Yves - 1971 : positive control
76. Osmont Jacques
77. Ovion Régis - 1976 : positive control
78. Schoenbacher Gerhard
79. Thaler Klaus-peter
80. Vincendeau Claude - 1981 : absence to control

BOSTON-MAVIC

2 years of existence, 1 case, ie 0,5 per year

81. Van Impe Lucien - 1981 : absence to control
82. De Cnijf Roger
83. De Grauwe Luc
84. Goossens Marc
85. Jonkers Jan
86. Meslet Alain - 1978 : positive control (no penalty) ; 198x : confessions in 1981 (no penalty) ; 199x : confessions in 2001 (poitier trial)
87. Nevens Jan
88. Tesnière Philippe
89. Teirlinck Willy - 1977 : positive control
90. Vermeulen Benjamin

TEKA

15 years of existence, 18 cases, ie 1,2 per year

91. Lejarreta Marino - 1985 : positive control
92. Alfonsel Bernardo
93. Cueli Arce Faustino
94. Dejonckheere Noël
95. Fernandez Blanco Alberto - 1979 : positive control (sanction not known) ; 1981 : positive control ; 1982 : positive control ; 1983 : positive control
96. Garcia Eulalio - 1978 : fraud
97. Lejarreta Ismaël
98. Martinez Paulino - 1983 : positive control
99. Mayoz José-luis
100. Ruiz Cabestany Jorge

DAF TRUCKS-COTE D'OR-GAZELLE

101. Kuiper Hennie
102. Colijn Luc
103. Dierickx Marc
104. De Vos Hendrik - 1987 : positive control (sanction not known)
105. Laurens Marcel
106. Martens René
107. Nulens Guy
108. Schepers Eddy - 1983 : positive control (sanction not known)
109. Stamsnijder Hennie
110. Tackaert William - 1986 : positive control (sanction not known) ; 1986 : positive control ; 1987 : positive control (sanction not known) ; 1987 : positive control (sanction not known)

KELME

36 years of existence, 26 cases, ie 0,72 per year

111. Fernandez Juan
112. Albelda Francisco - 1981 : positive control
113. Belda Vicente - 1982 : positive control ; 2001 : police investigation (sanction not known) ; 2006 : police investigation (sanction not known)
114. Fortia Jorge
115. Guzman Delgado Jesus
116. Ladron De Guevarra Rafael
117. Murga Imanol
118. Perea Avelino
119. Suarez Cueva Jésus - 1979 : positive control (sanction not known)
120. Vilamajo Jaime

SUNAIR-SPORT 80-COLNAGO

121. Verlinden Gery - 1986 : positive control ; 1986 : positive control
122. De Roo Alain
123. Dewitte Ronald - 1974 : positive control
124. Maertens Freddy - 1974 : positive control (sanction not known) ; 1977 : positive control ; 1977 : positive control ; 1977 : positive control ; 1977 : confessions in 1978 (no penalty) ; 1978 : police investigation (sanction not known) ; 1986 : positive control (sanction not known)
125. Pirard Frits
126. Vandeperre Eric
127. Van Houwelingen Jan
128. Wellens Paul - 1985 : absence to control (sanction not known)
129. Wellens Leo
130. Wellens Johan

RENAULT-ELF-GITANE

24 years of existence, 21 cases, ie 0,88 per year

131. Hinault Bernard - 1982 : absence to control (no penalty)
132. Arbes Hubert
133. Becaas Bernard
134. Bérard Charly - 1978 : positive control ; 1987 : positive control
135. Bertin Yvon
136. Boyer Jonathan
137. Didier Lucien - 1982 : positive control
138. Le Guilloux Maurice - 1973 : positive control
139. Rodriguez Jean-françois - 1983 : positive control (sanction not known)
140. Vigneron Alain

VERMEER-THIJS-GIOS

141. De Wolf Alfons
142. Beyssens Herman
143. Bogaert Jan
144. De Gendt Franky
145. De Schoenmaecker Joseph
146. Liboton Roland
147. Luyten Louis
148. Pollentier Michel - 1974 : positive control ; 1977 : positive control ; 1978 : fraud
148. Van Houwelingen Adrie
150. Verstraeten Eddy



See also