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Tour de France 1995 : the real numbers of doping |
The table below establishes, team by team, the count of the riders who have been or will be subsequently "pinned" in doping cases.
Teams | Riders | Pinned | Top 10 | Pinned | Podium | Pinned |
BANESTO | 9 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
GEWISS-BALLAN | 9 | 6 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
CARRERA-TASSONI | 9 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
AKI-GIPIEMME | 9 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
MAPEI-GB | 9 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
FESTINA | 9 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
ONCE | 9 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
LAMPRE-PANARIA | 9 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
GAN | 9 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
POLTI | 9 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
KELME-AVIANCA | 9 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
MOTOROLA | 9 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
TVM-POLIS DIRECT | 9 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
LOTTO-ISOGLAS | 9 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
CASTORAMA | 9 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
MG-TECHNOGYM | 9 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
NOVELL | 9 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
MERCATONE UNO-SAECO | 9 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
CHAZAL-MBK-KONIG | 9 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
BRESCIALAT | 9 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
TELEKOM-ZG-SELLE ITALIA | 9 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Total | 189 | 98 | 10 | 8 | 3 | 3 |
Pourcentage | 52% | 80% | 100% |
Pinned: Number of riders who violated the anti-doping rules.
Included in this category: riders who have been tested positive (including refuse to submit to doping control or hematocrit> 50%), having acknowledged having doped, having been sanctioned (by the justice, their federation or their team).
Not included (for example) : those whose sample B was negative.
Top 10: number of riders present in the top 10 of the final general classification.
Podium: number of riders present in the first 3 of the final general classification.
Other data :
Ranking source : http://www.memoire-du-cyclisme.net (31/01/2008)
reports a rider who was sanctioned in a doping case
reports a rider pinned in our doping directory but who has not been sanctioned or whose we are not aware of the possible sanction
The ranking as it would be if we excluded all racers "pinned" in doping cases during their career.
The list of participants by team
45 years of existence, 29 cases, ie 0,64 per year
1. Indurain Miguel 1994 : positive control (no penalty)
2. Alonso Monje Marino
3. Aparicio Vila Vicente
4. Davy Thomas 1995 : confessions in 1998 (no penalty) ; 1996 : positive control ; 1996 : positive control (sanction not known) ; 1997 : confessions (sanction not known) ; 1998 : confessions (sanction not known)
5. Garmendia Arbilla Aitor 1998 : blood test
6. Gonzalez Arrieta José-ramon
7. Miranda Gonzales Carmelo
8. Rue Gérard
9. Uriarte José-ramon
5 years of existence, 13 cases, ie 2,6 per year
11. Berzin Evgueni 1997 : absence to control (no penalty) ; 2000 : blood test
12. Bontempi Guido 1987 : positive control ; 1993 : police investigation
13. Bottaro Dario
14. Cenghialta Bruno 199x : judicial investigation (sanction not known)
15. Colombo Gabriele
16. Frattini Francesco
17. Gotti Ivan 1998 : blood test (sanction not known) ; 2001 : in the act
18. Riis Bjarne 198x : confessions in 2010 (no penalty) ; 1993 : confessions in 2007 ; 1995 : police investigation (no penalty)
19. Volpi Alberto 1993 : positive control (no penalty) ; 1997 : absence to control (no penalty)
21 years of existence, 11 cases, ie 0,52 per year
21. Pantani Marco 1993 : medical control (sanction not known) ; 1995 : medical control + poursuites judiciaires ; 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty) ; 1999 : blood test ; 2001 : in the act
22. Barbero Sergio 2001 : positive control
23. Bertolini Alessandro 1997 : positive control (sanction not known) ; 2000 : blood test (sanction not known)
24. Chiappucci Claudio 1993 : police investigation ; 1997 : blood test ; 1997 : blood test
25. Chiesa Mario 1993 : police investigation (no penalty)
26. Siboni Marcello 2001 : in the act
27. Sierra Leonardo
28. Zaina Enrico
29. Zberg Beat
27 years of existence, 13 cases, ie 0,48 per year
31. Jaskula Zenon 1993 : confessions in 2007 (no penalty)
32. Bettin Mauro
33. Citterio Giuseppe 1991 : positive control (sanction not known)
34. Foucachon René 1987 : judicial investigation (no penalty) ; 1996 : judicial investigation and confessions ; 1997 : judicial investigation
35. Gorini Gianluca
36. Konyshev Dimitri
37. Rezze Dante
38. Simoni Gilberto 1998 : blood test ; 2002 : positive control (no penalty) ; 2002 : positive control (no penalty)
39. Zanette Denis 2001 : in the act (sanction not known)
41. Rominger Tony 1994 : positive control (no penalty)
42. Bomans Carlo
43. Bortolami Gianluca 1998 : confessions (sanction not known) ; 1999 : judicial search (sanction not known) ; 2000 : blood test (sanction not known) ; 2003 : positive control
44. Escartin Fernando
45. Gonzalez Gutierrez Arsenio
46. Mauleon Unsuain Francesco-javier
47. Museeuw Johan 2003 : judicial investigation ; 200x : confessions in 2007 (sanction not known)
48. Peeters Wilfried
49. Tafi Andrea 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
12 years of existence, 31 cases, ie 2,58 per year
51. Virenque Richard 1994 : confessions in 2000 ; 1998 : blood test, urine, hair (sanction not known) ; 1999 : blood test (sanction not known) ; 1999 : confessions in 1999 (sanction not known)
52. Boscardin Bruno
53. Brochard Laurent 1991 : positive control (no penalty) ; 1997 : confessions in 2000 (no penalty) ; 1998 : confessions in 1998 ; 1998 : positive control
54. Dufaux Laurent 1998 : blood test, urine, hair, confessions in 1998
55. Hervé Pascal 1998 : blood test, urine, hair ; 1998 : confessions in 2000 (sanction not known) ; 2001 : positive control
56. Hodge Stephen 1991 : confessions in 2012
57. Jeker Fabian
58. Michaelsen Lars 1998 : judicial investigation (no penalty)
59. Robin Jean-cyril 199x : confessions in 2004 (sanction not known)
18 years of existence, 20 cases, ie 1,11 per year
61. Jalabert Laurent 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
62. Breukink Eric
63. Bruyneel Johan 199x : judicial investigation
64. Diaz Zabala Herminio
65. Mauri-prat Melchior
66. Diaz De Otazu Luis-maria
67. Rojas Mariano
68. Stephens Neil 1998 : analyses sang, urine, cheveux, aveux en 1998 (sanction not known)
69. Zülle Alex 1993 : positive control (no penalty) ; 1994 : positive control (no penalty) ; 1998 : blood test, urine, hair ; 1998 : confessions in 1998 (sanction not known)
71. Fondriest Maurizio
72. Belli Wladimir
73. Conti Roberto 2002 : in the act
74. Galletti Alessio 2000 : in the act ; 2004 : in the act
75. Gontchenkov Alexandre
76. Perona Davide
77. Serpellini Marco 2005 : police investigation (sanction not known)
78. Svorada Jan
79. Tonkov Pavel 1999 : blood test (sanction not known)
67 years of existence, 75 cases, ie 1,12 per year
81. Boardman Christopher
82. Capelle Christophe
83. Gouvenou Thierry
84. Lance Pascal
85. Ledanois Yvon 1999 : judicial investigation
86. Lemarchand François
87. Moreau Francis 1996 : positive control
88. Rous Didier 1998 : analyses sang, urine, cheveux et aveux en 1998
89. Seigneur Eddy
18 years of existence, 10 cases, ie 0,56 per year
91. Totschnig Georg 2005 : judicial investigation (sanction not known)
92. Baldinger Dirk
93. Boyer Eric 198x : confessions in 2005 (no penalty)
94. Brasi Rossano 2000 : blood test
95. Fidanza Giovanni
96. Lombardi Giovanni 2001 : police investigation (sanction not known)
97. Outschakov Serguei 1998 : judicial investigation (no penalty) ; 1999 : positive control
98. Pellicioli Oscar
99. Scirea Mario 2004 : in the act
36 years of existence, 27 cases, ie 0,75 per year
101. Cubino Gonzalez Laudelino 1993 : positive control (sanction not known)
102. Aguirre Cabrera Julio-cesar
103. Buenahora Hernan 2006 : positive control ; 2008 : positive control
104. Cabello Luque Francisco 1994 : positive control (5 times)
105. Camargo Angel-yesid
106. Castano Hector
107. Edo Alsina Angel 1998 : blood test
108. Munoz Fernandez Federico 2004 : positive control
109. Vidal Jose-angel
16 years of existence, 4 cases, ie 0,25 per year
111. Armstrong Lance 1999 : positive control (no penalty) ; 1999 : laboratory inquiry
112. Andreu Frankie 1995 : confessions in 2006 (no penalty)
113. Bauer Steve
114. Casartelli Fabio
115. Mejia Castrillon Alvaro 1987 : positive control
116. Ozers Kaspars
117. Peron Andrea 2001 : in the act (no penalty) ; 2004 : in the act (no penalty) ; 2011 : positive control (sanction not known)
118. Swart Stephan 1995 : confessions in 2004 (no penalty)
119. Yates Sean 1989 : positive control (no penalty)
121. Hamburger Bo 1993 : positive control (no penalty) ; 1995 : confessions in 2007 (no penalty) ; 1998 : confessions in 1998 (sanction not known) ; 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty) ; 1999 : positive control (no penalty) ; 1999 : laboratory inquiry (no penalty) ; 2001 : positive control ; 2003 : positive control
122. Blijlevens Jeroen 1998 : judicial investigation (no penalty) ; 1999 : senate inquiry and confessions in 2013 (no penalty) ; 2001 : police investigation (sanction not known)
123. Den Bakker Maarten
124. Hoffman Tristan 1998 : positive control (no penalty)
125. Nijdam Jelle
126. Redant Hendrik
127. Skibby Jesper 1990 : confessions in 2006 (no penalty) ; 1991 : confessions in 2006 (no penalty) ; 1992 : confessions in 2006 (no penalty)
128. Van De Laer Jim
129. Voskamp Bart 1998 : judicial investigation and confessions (no penalty)
41 years of existence, 14 cases, ie 0,34 per year
131. Tchmil Andrei
132. De Clercq Mario 2004 : judicial investigation
133. De Clercq Peter
134. Farazijn Peter 199x : judicial investigation (no penalty)
135. Frison Herman
136. Moreels Sammie
137. Nelissen Wilfried 1993 : positive control
138. Sergeant Marc 1983 : positive control ; 1985 : positive control
139. Verdonck Rudi
24 years of existence, 22 cases, ie 0,92 per year
141. De Las Cuevas Armand 1995 : border control ; 2006 : positive control
142. Durand Jacky 1996 : positive control ; 1996 : positive control ; 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
143. Laurent Thierry 1995 : confessions in 2000 (sanction not known) ; 1996 : positive control ; 1997 : confessions in 2003 (sanction not known) ; 1997 : blood test
144. Madouas Laurent 1994 : positive control
145. Magnien Emmanuel 1998 : blood control (sanction not known) ; 2000 : positive control
146. Marie Thierry
147. Simon François
148. Talmant Gilles
149. Thibout Bruno
151. Bugno Gianni 1994 : positive control ; 1997 : judicial investigation (no penalty) ; 1999 : in the act
152. Baldato Fabio
153. Cassani Davide
154. Elli Alberto 2001 : in the act
155. Jaermann Rolf 1994 : confessions in 1999 (no penalty)
156. Loda Nicola 1999 : positive control (no penalty)
157. Sciandri Maximilian 2001 : police investigation (sanction not known)
158. Vanzella Flavio 1986 : positive control
159. Vona Franco
161. Abdoujaparov Djamolidine 1989 : positive control ; 1997 : positive control ; 1997 : positive control ; 1997 : positive control ; 1997 : positive control ; 1997 : positive control ; 1997 : positive control
162. Bouwmans Eddy 1994 : confessions in 2013 (no penalty)
163. Dekker Eric 1999 : positive control
164. Ekimov Vjatceslav
165. Maassen Frans
166. Moncassin Frédéric 199x : confessions in 2000 (no penalty) ; 1998 : senate inquiry and confessions in 2013 (no penalty)
167. Piziks Arvis
168. Van Bon Leon
169. Wauters Marc
171. Cipollini Mario 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
172. Donati Massimo
173. Fagnini Gianmatteo
174. Fina Rosario
175. Lelli Massimiliano
176. Martinello Silvio
177. Petito Roberto 1997 : positive control (no penalty)
178. Poli Eros 1986 : positive control
179. Politano Antonio
181. Arroyo Rosales Miguel
182. Bernard Jean-françois
183. Bourgeot Jean-pierre
184. Bouvard Gilles 1997 : confessions in 1998 (sanction not known) ; 1998 : blood control (sanction not known)
185. Cornillet Bruno
186. Delion Gilles
187. Kasputis Arturas
188. Kirsipuu Jan 1993 : positive control (sanction not known)
189. Mengin Christophe
191. Podenzana Massimo 1986 : positive control
192. Dotti Fausto
193. Lanfranchi Paolo
194. Lecchi Angelo
195. Manzoni Mario 1998 : blood test
196. Milesi Marco
197. Perini Giancarlo 199x : judicial investigation (no penalty)
198. Radaelli Mauro
199. Vanderaerden Eric
23 years of existence, 48 cases, ie 2,09 per year
201. Aldag Rolf 1995 : confessions in 2007 (no penalty)
202. Bolts Udo 1995 : confessions in 2007 (sanction not known)
203. Heppner Jens 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
204. Ludwig Olaf 2006 : police investigation
205. Poulnikov Vladimir 1997 : positive control
206. Zabel Erik 1994 : positive control (no penalty) ; 1996 : confessions in 2007 and 2013 ; 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
207. Colage Stefano 2021 : positive control
208. Ferrigato Andrea
209. Rodriguez Chitiva Nelson
reports a rider who was sanctioned in a doping case
reports a rider pinned in our doping directory but who has not been sanctioned or whose we are not aware of the possible sanction