Tour de France : the real numbers of doping
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Tour de France : the real numbers of doping |
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These statistics count riders who have been pinned at some point in their career. They therefore evolve according to positive controls, confessions, inquieries, etc. All of these numbers are likely to rise over time. In particular, the figures for the last ten years races should be regarded as highly provisional.
The table below establishes, team by team, the count of the riders who have been or will be subsequently "pinned" in doping cases.
| Race | Participants | Top 10 | Podium | Winner | |||||
| Riders | Pinned | % | Pinned | % | Pinned | % | Pinned | % | |
| 1968 | 110 | 38 | 34,5% | 6 | 60% | 3 | 100% | 1 | 100% |
| 1969 | 130 | 64 | 49,2% | 9 | 90% | 3 | 100% | 1 | 100% |
| 1970 | 150 | 58 | 38,7% | 5 | 50% | 2 | 66,7% | 1 | 100% |
| 1971 | 130 | 56 | 43,1% | 9 | 90% | 3 | 100% | 1 | 100% |
| 1972 | 132 | 66 | 50% | 9 | 90% | 3 | 100% | 1 | 100% |
| 1973 | 132 | 62 | 47% | 7 | 70% | 2 | 66,7% | 1 | 100% |
| 1974 | 130 | 58 | 44,6% | 7 | 70% | 2 | 66,7% | 1 | 100% |
| 1975 | 140 | 61 | 43,6% | 6 | 60% | 3 | 100% | 1 | 100% |
| 1976 | 130 | 56 | 43,1% | 6 | 60% | 3 | 100% | 1 | 100% |
| 1977 | 100 | 54 | 54% | 7 | 70% | 2 | 66,7% | 1 | 100% |
| 1978 | 110 | 61 | 55,5% | 8 | 80% | 3 | 100% | 1 | 100% |
| 1979 | 150 | 61 | 40,7% | 9 | 90% | 3 | 100% | 1 | 100% |
| 1980 | 130 | 58 | 44,6% | 5 | 50% | 2 | 66,7% | 1 | 100% |
| 1981 | 150 | 67 | 44,7% | 8 | 80% | 3 | 100% | 1 | 100% |
| 1982 | 170 | 71 | 41,8% | 8 | 80% | 3 | 100% | 1 | 100% |
| 1983 | 140 | 63 | 45% | 9 | 90% | 3 | 100% | 1 | 100% |
| 1984 | 170 | 75 | 44,1% | 9 | 90% | 2 | 66,7% | 1 | 100% |
| 1985 | 180 | 62 | 34,4% | 5 | 50% | 2 | 66,7% | 1 | 100% |
| 1986 | 210 | 66 | 31,4% | 3 | 30% | 1 | 33,3% | 0 | 0% |
| 1987 | 207 | 68 | 32,9% | 5 | 50% | 2 | 66,7% | 1 | 100% |
| 1988 | 198 | 67 | 33,8% | 4 | 40% | 2 | 66,7% | 1 | 100% |
| 1989 | 198 | 65 | 32,8% | 8 | 80% | 2 | 66,7% | 0 | 0% |
| 1990 | 198 | 78 | 39,4% | 6 | 60% | 1 | 33,3% | 0 | 0% |
| 1991 | 198 | 64 | 32,3% | 7 | 70% | 3 | 100% | 1 | 100% |
| 1992 | 198 | 80 | 40,4% | 8 | 80% | 3 | 100% | 1 | 100% |
| 1993 | 198 | 91 | 46% | 9 | 90% | 3 | 100% | 1 | 100% |
| 1994 | 189 | 91 | 48,1% | 10 | 100% | 3 | 100% | 1 | 100% |
| 1995 | 189 | 98 | 51,9% | 8 | 80% | 3 | 100% | 1 | 100% |
| 1996 | 198 | 97 | 49% | 8 | 80% | 3 | 100% | 1 | 100% |
| 1997 | 197 | 106 | 53,8% | 9 | 90% | 3 | 100% | 1 | 100% |
| 1998 | 189 | 103 | 54,5% | 9 | 90% | 3 | 100% | 1 | 100% |
| 1999 | 180 | 93 | 51,7% | 8 | 80% | 2 | 66,7% | 1 | 100% |
| 2000 | 180 | 99 | 55% | 8 | 80% | 2 | 66,7% | 1 | 100% |
| 2001 | 189 | 84 | 44,4% | 7 | 70% | 2 | 66,7% | 1 | 100% |
| 2002 | 189 | 88 | 46,6% | 7 | 70% | 2 | 66,7% | 1 | 100% |
| 2003 | 198 | 88 | 44,4% | 8 | 80% | 3 | 100% | 1 | 100% |
| 2004 | 189 | 84 | 44,4% | 6 | 60% | 2 | 66,7% | 1 | 100% |
| 2005 | 189 | 73 | 38,6% | 8 | 80% | 3 | 100% | 1 | 100% |
| 2006 | 176 | 66 | 37,5% | 3 | 30% | 1 | 33,3% | 1 | 100% |
| 2007 | 189 | 64 | 33,9% | 4 | 40% | 2 | 66,7% | 1 | 100% |
| 2008 | 180 | 49 | 27,2% | 7 | 70% | 1 | 33,3% | 0 | 0% |
| 2009 | 180 | 40 | 22,2% | 6 | 60% | 2 | 66,7% | 1 | 100% |
| 2010 | 198 | 51 | 25,8% | 5 | 50% | 2 | 66,7% | 1 | 100% |
| 2011 | 198 | 45 | 22,7% | 6 | 60% | 1 | 33,3% | 0 | 0% |
| 2012 | 198 | 45 | 22,7% | 3 | 30% | 2 | 66,7% | 1 | 100% |
| 2013 | 198 | 28 | 14,1% | 5 | 50% | 2 | 66,7% | 1 | 100% |
| 2014 | 198 | 22 | 11,1% | 1 | 10% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% |
| 2015 | 198 | 23 | 11,6% | 4 | 40% | 3 | 100% | 1 | 100% |
| 2016 | 198 | 22 | 11,1% | 4 | 40% | 2 | 66,7% | 1 | 100% |
| 2017 | 198 | 21 | 10,6% | 3 | 30% | 1 | 33,3% | 1 | 100% |
| 2018 | 176 | 15 | 8,5% | 3 | 30% | 1 | 33,3% | 0 | 0% |
| 2019 | 176 | 14 | 8% | 2 | 20% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% |
| 2020 | 176 | 11 | 6,2% | 2 | 20% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% |
| 2021 | 184 | 11 | 6% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% |
| 2022 | 176 | 6 | 3,4% | 1 | 10% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% |
| 2023 | 176 | 6 | 3,4% | 1 | 10% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% |
| 2024 | 176 | 4 | 2,3% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% |
| Totals | 9914 | 3317 | 338 | 115 | 44 | ||||
| Average | 173,9 | 58,2 | 33,5% | 59,3% | 67,3% | 77,2% | |||
Pinned: Number of riders who violated the anti-doping rules.
Included in this category: riders who have been tested positive (including refuse to submit to doping control or hematocrit> 50%), having acknowledged having doped, having been sanctioned (by the justice, their federation or their team).
Not included (for example) : those whose sample B was negative.
Top 10: number of riders present in the top 10 of the final general classification.
Podium: number of riders present in the first 3 of the final general classification.
Other statistics :
In the list below, runners pinned in our doping directory appear with a red or yellow card.
| Tour | Winner | Second | Third |
| 1968 | Janssen Jan  | Van Springel Herman | Bracke Ferdinand  |
| 1969 | Merckx Eddy | Pingeon Roger | Poulidor Raymond |
| 1970 | Merckx Eddy | Zoetemelk Joop | Pettersson Gosta |
| 1971 | Merckx Eddy | Zoetemelk Joop | Van Impe Lucien |
| 1972 | Merckx Eddy | Gimondi Felice | Poulidor Raymond |
| 1973 | Ocana Luis | Thévenet Bernard | Fuente José-manuel |
| 1974 | Merckx Eddy | Poulidor Raymond | Lopez-carril Vicente |
| 1975 | Thévenet Bernard | Merckx Eddy | Van Impe Lucien |
| 1976 | Van Impe Lucien | Zoetemelk Joop | Poulidor Raymond |
| 1977 | Thévenet Bernard | Kuiper Hennie | Van Impe Lucien |
| 1978 | Hinault Bernard | Zoetemelk Joop | Agostinho Joachim |
| 1979 | Hinault Bernard | Zoetemelk Joop | Agostinho Joachim |
| 1980 | Zoetemelk Joop | Kuiper Hennie | Martin Raymond |
| 1981 | Hinault Bernard | Van Impe Lucien | Alban Robert |
| 1982 | Hinault Bernard | Zoetemelk Joop | Van Der Velde Johann |
| 1983 | Fignon Laurent | Arroyo Angel | Winnen Peter |
| 1984 | Fignon Laurent | Hinault Bernard | Lemond Greg |
| 1985 | Hinault Bernard | Lemond Greg | Roche Stephen |
| 1986 | Lemond Greg | Hinault Bernard | Zimmermann Urs |
| 1987 | Roche Stephen | Delgado Pedro | Bernard Jean-françois |
| 1988 | Delgado Pedro | Rooks Steven | Parra Fabio |
| 1989 | Lemond Greg | Fignon Laurent | Delgado Pedro |
| 1990 | Lemond Greg | Chiappucci Claudio | Breukink Erik |
| 1991 | Indurain Miguel | Bugno Gianni | Chiappucci Claudio |
| 1992 | Indurain Miguel | Chiappucci Claudio | Bugno Gianni |
| 1993 | Indurain Miguel | Rominger Tony | Jaskula Zenon |
| 1994 | Indurain Miguel | Ugrumov Piotr | Pantani Marco |
| 1995 | Indurain Miguel | Zülle Alex | Riis Bjarne |
| 1996 | Riis Bjarne | Ullrich Jan | Virenque Richard |
| 1997 | Ullrich Jan | Virenque Richard | Pantani Marco |
| 1998 | Pantani Marco | Ullrich Jan | Julich Bobby |
| 1999 | Armstrong Lance | Zülle Alex | Escartin Fernando |
| 2000 | Armstrong Lance | Ullrich Jan | Beloki Joseba |
| 2001 | Armstrong Lance | Ullrich Jan | Beloki Joseba |
| 2002 | Armstrong Lance | Beloki Joseba | Rumsas Raimondas |
| 2003 | Armstrong Lance | Ullrich Jan | Vinokourov Alexandre |
| 2004 | Armstrong Lance | Kloden Andreas | Basso Ivan |
| 2005 | Armstrong Lance | Basso Ivan | Ullrich Jan |
| 2006 | Landis Floyd | Pereiro Oscar | Kloden Andreas |
| 2007 | Contador Alberto | Evans Cadel | Leipheimer Levi |
| 2008 | Sastre Carlos | Evans Cadel | Kohl Bernhard |
| 2009 | Contador Alberto | Schleck Andy | Armstrong Lance |
| 2010 | Contador Alberto | Schleck Andy | Menchov Denis |
| 2011 | Evans Cadel | Schleck Andy | Schleck Frank |
| 2012 | Wiggins Bradley | Froome Christopher Clive | Nibali Vincenzo |
| 2013 | Froome Christopher Clive | Quintana Rojas Nairo Alexander | Rodriguez Oliver Joaquin |
| 2014 | Nibali Vincenzo | Peraud Jean-christophe | Pinot Thibaut |
| 2015 | Froome Christopher Clive | Quintana Rojas Nairo Alexander | Valverde Alejandro |
| 2016 | Froome Christopher Clive | Bardet Romain | Quintana Rojas Nairo Alexander |
| 2017 | Froome Christopher Clive | Uran Rigoberto | Bardet Romain |
| 2018 | Thomas Geraint | Dumoulin Tom | Froome Christopher Clive |
| 2019 | Bernal Gomez Egan Arley | Thomas Geraint | Kruijswijk Steven |
| 2020 | Pogacar Tadej | Roglic Primoz | Porte Richard Julian |
| 2021 | Pogacar Tadej | Vingegaard Rasmussen Jonas | Carapaz Montenegro Richard Anton |
| 2022 | Vingegaard Rasmussen Jonas | Pogacar Tadej | Thomas Geraint |
| 2023 | Vingegaard Rasmussen Jonas | Pogacar Tadej | Yates Adam |
| 2024 | Pogacar Tadej | Vingegaard Rasmussen Jonas | Evenepoel Remco |
reports a rider who was sanctioned in a doping case
reports a rider pinned in our doping directory but who has not been sanctioned or whose we are not aware of the possible sanction
The other track record is the one you will not see anywhere else. We have removed from the official list all the riders who have been, at one time or another of their career or even after, involved in a doping case and appear as such in our directory.
This alternative ranking starts in 1968, the date of the first anti-doping tests.
| Tour | Winner | Second | Third |
| 1968 | San Miguel Gregorio | Bitossi Franco | Gandarias Andres |
| 1969 | Gandarias Andres | Panizza Wladimiro | Schutz Edy |
| 1970 | Pettersson Gosta | Vandenbossche Martin | Houbrechts Antoon |
| 1971 | Lopez-carril Vicente | Galdos Francisco | Mori Primo |
| 1972 | Janssens Edward | Houbrechts Antoon | Vandenbossche Martin |
| 1973 | Fuente José-manuel | Perin Michel | Lopez-carril Vicente |
| 1974 | Lopez-carril Vicente | Panizza Wladimiro | Aja Gonzalo |
| 1975 | Lopez-carril Vicente | Fuchs Josef | Janssens Edward |
| 1976 | Riccomi Walter | Galdos Francisco | Bertoglio Fausto |
| 1977 | Kuiper Hennie | Galdos Francisco | Laurent Michel |
| 1978 | Galdos Francisco | Lubberding Henk | Nilsson Sven-ake |
| 1979 | Kuiper Hennie | Nilsson Sven-ake | Lubberding Henk |
| 1980 | Kuiper Hennie | De Muynck Johan | Nilsson Sven-ake |
| 1981 | De Muynck Johan | Nilsson Sven-ake | De Wolf Alfons |
| 1982 | Willems Daniel | Kuiper Hennie | Nilsson Sven-ake |
| 1983 | Lubberding Henk | Boyer Jonathan | Corredor Alvarez Edgar |
| 1984 | Lemond Greg | Ruttimann Niki | Acevedo Porras Rafael-antonik |
| 1985 | Lemond Greg | Herrera Luis | Parra Fabio |
| 1986 | Lemond Greg | Zimmermann Urs | Hampsten Andrew |
| 1987 | Bernard Jean-françois | Herrera Luis | Parra Fabio |
| 1988 | Parra Fabio | Bauer Steve | Herrera Luis |
| 1989 | Lemond Greg | Alcala Gallegos Raul | Cornillet Bruno |
| 1990 | Lemond Greg | Breukink Erik | Chozas Eduardo |
| 1991 | Lemond Greg | Hampsten Andrew | Rue Gérard |
| 1992 | Hampsten Andrew | Breukink Erik | Vona Franco |
| 1993 | Hampsten Andrew | Martin Velasco Antonio | Dojwa Jean-philippe |
| 1994 | Escartin Fernando | Pellicioli Oscar | Rodriguez Nelson |
| 1995 | Mauri Melchior | Escartin Fernando | Lanfranchi Paolo |
| 1996 | Luttenberger Peter | Escartin Fernando | Jonker Patrick |
| 1997 | Escartin Fernando | Zberg Beat | Luttenberger Peter |
| 1998 | Rinero Christophe | Baranowski Dariusz | Van De Wouwer Kurt |
| 1999 | Escartin Fernando | Belli Wladimir | Van De Wouwer Kurt |
| 2000 | Beloki Joseba | Escartin Fernando | Garcia Casas Felix Manuel |
| 2001 | Beloki Joseba | Kivilev Andrey | Simon François |
| 2002 | Beloki Joseba | Azevedo José Bento | Sastre Carlos |
| 2003 | Zubeldia Haimar | Sastre Carlos | Luttenberger Peter |
| 2004 | Kloden Andreas | Azevedo José Bento | Sastre Carlos |
| 2005 | Evans Cadel | Pereiro Oscar | Popovych Yaroslav |
| 2006 | Pereiro Oscar | Kloden Andreas | Sastre Carlos |
| 2007 | Evans Cadel | Sastre Carlos | Zubeldia Haimar |
| 2008 | Sastre Carlos | Evans Cadel | Kirchen Kim |
| 2009 | Schleck Andy | Kloden Andreas | Nibali Vincenzo |
| 2010 | Schleck Andy | Van Den Broeck Jurgen | Gesink Robert |
| 2011 | Evans Cadel | Schleck Andy | Voeckler Thomas |
| 2012 | Nibali Vincenzo | Van Den Broeck Jurgen | Van Garderen Tejay |
| 2013 | Rodriguez Oliver Joaquin | Mollema Bauke | Fuglsang Jakob |
| 2014 | Nibali Vincenzo | Peraud Jean-christophe | Pinot Thibaut |
| 2015 | Nibali Vincenzo | Gesink Robert | Mollema Bauke |
| 2016 | Bardet Romain | Yates Adam | Porte Richard Julian |
| 2017 | Uran Rigoberto | Bardet Romain | Landa Meana Mikel |
| 2018 | Thomas Geraint | Dumoulin Tom | Roglic Primoz |
| 2019 | Bernal Gomez Egan Arley | Thomas Geraint | Kruijswijk Steven |
| 2020 | Pogacar Tadej | Roglic Primoz | Porte Richard Julian |
| 2021 | Pogacar Tadej | Vingegaard Rasmussen Jonas | Carapaz Montenegro Richard Anton |
| 2022 | Vingegaard Rasmussen Jonas | Pogacar Tadej | Thomas Geraint |
| 2023 | Vingegaard Rasmussen Jonas | Pogacar Tadej | Yates Adam |
| 2024 | Pogacar Tadej | Vingegaard Rasmussen Jonas | Evenepoel Remco |
The alternative list allows us to establish a list of winners since 1968, who do not appear in the doping directory, classified by number of victories:
| Victories | Riders |
| 6 | Lemond Greg |
| 3 | Pogacar Tadej |
| Evans Cadel | |
| Escartin Fernando | |
| Lopez-carril Vicente | |
| Beloki Joseba | |
| Kuiper Hennie | |
| Nibali Vincenzo | |
| 2 | Vingegaard Rasmussen Jonas |
| Hampsten Andrew | |
| Schleck Andy | |
| 1 | Bernal Gomez Egan Arley |
| Thomas Geraint | |
| Uran Rigoberto | |
| Bardet Romain | |
| Rodriguez Oliver Joaquin | |
| Sastre Carlos | |
| Pereiro Oscar | |
| Kloden Andreas | |
| Zubeldia Haimar | |
| Rinero Christophe | |
| Luttenberger Peter | |
| Mauri Melchior | |
| Parra Fabio | |
| Bernard Jean-françois | |
| Lubberding Henk | |
| Willems Daniel | |
| De Muynck Johan | |
| Galdos Francisco | |
| Riccomi Walter | |
| Fuente José-manuel | |
| Janssens Edward | |
| Pettersson Gosta | |
| Gandarias Andres | |
| San Miguel Gregorio |
Notes de lecture Acheter ce livre sur amazon.fr
Notes de lecture Acheter ce livre sur amazon.fr
Notes de lecture Acheter ce livre sur amazon.fr
Notes de lecture Acheter ce livre sur amazon.fr
Ten years after the Festina affair, Pierre Ballester, co-author of L.A. Confidentiel, published Tempêtes sur le Tour. In this book, he takes stock of today's cycling and its flagship event. A significant part of the book is devoted to doping and dissects the picture presented above. The figures presented in the book are slightly lower than those published here: as research continues, new riders have since fallen through the cracks of the doping directory.
On the occasion of the release of this book, Pierre Ballester gave an interview to cyclist-dopage.com. Click here to read it (in French).
