Tour de France : the real numbers of doping

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Last update : 01/11/2023

Warning

These statistics count riders who have been pinned at some point in their career. They therefore evolve according to positive controls, confessions, inquieries, etc. All of these numbers are likely to rise over time. In particular, the figures for the last ten years races should be regarded as highly provisional.


Statistics

The table below establishes, team by team, the count of the riders who have been or will be subsequently "pinned" in doping cases.

Race Participants Top 10 Podium Winner
Riders Pinned % Pinned % Pinned % Pinned %
19681103834,5%660%3100%1100%
19691306449,2%990%3100%1100%
19701505838,7%550%266,7%1100%
19711305643,1%990%3100%1100%
19721326650%990%3100%1100%
19731326247%770%266,7%1100%
19741305844,6%770%266,7%1100%
19751406143,6%660%3100%1100%
19761305643,1%660%3100%1100%
19771005454%770%266,7%1100%
19781106155,5%880%3100%1100%
19791506140,7%990%3100%1100%
19801305844,6%550%266,7%1100%
19811506744,7%880%3100%1100%
19821707141,8%880%3100%1100%
19831406345%990%3100%1100%
19841707544,1%990%266,7%1100%
19851806234,4%550%266,7%1100%
19862106631,4%330%133,3%00%
19872076832,9%550%266,7%1100%
19881986733,8%440%266,7%1100%
19891986532,8%880%266,7%00%
19901987839,4%660%133,3%00%
19911986432,3%770%3100%1100%
19921987939,9%880%3100%1100%
19931989045,5%990%3100%1100%
19941899148,1%10100%3100%1100%
19951899751,3%880%3100%1100%
19961989749%880%3100%1100%
199719710553,3%990%3100%1100%
199818910354,5%990%3100%1100%
19991809251,1%880%266,7%1100%
20001809854,4%880%266,7%1100%
20011898343,9%770%266,7%1100%
20021898746%770%266,7%1100%
20031988743,9%880%3100%1100%
20041898444,4%660%266,7%1100%
20051897338,6%880%3100%1100%
20061766637,5%330%133,3%1100%
20071896433,9%440%266,7%1100%
20081804927,2%770%133,3%00%
20091804022,2%660%266,7%1100%
20101985125,8%550%266,7%1100%
20111984522,7%660%133,3%00%
20121984522,7%330%266,7%1100%
20131982814,1%550%266,7%1100%
20141982211,1%110%00%00%
20151982311,6%440%3100%1100%
20161982211,1%440%266,7%1100%
20171982110,6%330%133,3%1100%
2018176148%330%133,3%00%
2019176148%220%00%00%
202017695,1%220%00%00%
2021184105,4%00%00%00%
202217652,8%110%00%00%
202317652,8%110%00%00%
Totals9738329833811544
Average173,958,933,9%60,4%68,5%78,6%

Pinned: Number of riders who violated the anti-doping rules.
Included in this category: riders who have been tested positive (including refuse to submit to doping control or hematocrit> 50%), having acknowledged having doped, having been sanctioned (by the justice, their federation or their team).
Not included (for example) : those whose sample B was negative.
Top 10: number of riders present in the top 10 of the final general classification.
Podium: number of riders present in the first 3 of the final general classification.

The real numbers of doping

Other statistics :


General classification winners

In the list below, runners pinned in our doping directory appear with a red or yellow card.

Tour Winner Second Third
1968Janssen Jan Red card Van Springel Herman Red card Bracke Ferdinand Yellow card
1969Merckx Eddy Red card Pingeon Roger Red card Poulidor Raymond Red card
1970Merckx Eddy Red card Zoetemelk Joop Red card Pettersson Gosta
1971Merckx Eddy Red card Zoetemelk Joop Red card Van Impe Lucien Red card
1972Merckx Eddy Red card Gimondi Felice Red card Poulidor Raymond Red card
1973Ocana Luis Red card Thévenet Bernard Red card Fuente José-manuel
1974Merckx Eddy Red card Poulidor Raymond Red card Lopez-carril Vicente
1975Thévenet Bernard Red card Merckx Eddy Red card Van Impe Lucien Red card
1976Van Impe Lucien Red card Zoetemelk Joop Red card Poulidor Raymond Red card
1977Thévenet Bernard Red card Kuiper HennieVan Impe Lucien Red card
1978Hinault Bernard Yellow card Zoetemelk Joop Red card Agostinho Joachim Red card
1979Hinault Bernard Yellow card Zoetemelk Joop Red card Agostinho Joachim Red card
1980Zoetemelk Joop Red card Kuiper HennieMartin Raymond Red card
1981Hinault Bernard Yellow card Van Impe Lucien Red card Alban Robert Red card
1982Hinault Bernard Yellow card Zoetemelk Joop Red card Van Der Velde Johann Red card
1983Fignon Laurent Red card Arroyo Angel Red card Winnen Peter Yellow card
1984Fignon Laurent Red card Hinault Bernard Yellow card Lemond Greg
1985Hinault Bernard Yellow card Lemond GregRoche Stephen Red card
1986Lemond GregHinault Bernard Yellow card Zimmermann Urs
1987Roche Stephen Red card Delgado Pedro Yellow card Bernard Jean-françois
1988Delgado Pedro Yellow card Rooks Steven Yellow card Parra Fabio
1989Lemond GregFignon Laurent Red card Delgado Pedro Yellow card
1990Lemond GregChiappucci Claudio Red card Breukink Erik
1991Indurain Miguel Yellow card Bugno Gianni Red card Chiappucci Claudio Red card
1992Indurain Miguel Yellow card Chiappucci Claudio Red card Bugno Gianni Red card
1993Indurain Miguel Yellow card Rominger Tony Yellow card Jaskula Zenon Yellow card
1994Indurain Miguel Yellow card Ugrumov Piotr Yellow card Pantani Marco Red card
1995Indurain Miguel Yellow card Zülle Alex Red card Riis Bjarne Red card
1996Riis Bjarne Red card Ullrich Jan Red card Virenque Richard Red card
1997Ullrich Jan Red card Virenque Richard Red card Pantani Marco Red card
1998Pantani Marco Red card Ullrich Jan Red card Julich Bobby Red card
1999Armstrong Lance Red card Zülle Alex Red card Escartin Fernando
2000Armstrong Lance Red card Ullrich Jan Red card Beloki Joseba
2001Armstrong Lance Red card Ullrich Jan Red card Beloki Joseba
2002Armstrong Lance Red card Beloki JosebaRumsas Raimondas Red card
2003Armstrong Lance Red card Ullrich Jan Red card Vinokourov Alexandre Red card
2004Armstrong Lance Red card Kloden AndreasBasso Ivan Red card
2005Armstrong Lance Red card Basso Ivan Red card Ullrich Jan Red card
2006Landis Floyd Red card Pereiro OscarKloden Andreas
2007Contador Alberto Red card Evans CadelLeipheimer Levi Red card
2008Sastre CarlosEvans CadelKohl Bernhard Red card
2009Contador Alberto Red card Schleck AndyArmstrong Lance Red card
2010Contador Alberto Red card Schleck AndyMenchov Denis Red card
2011Evans CadelSchleck AndySchleck Frank Red card
2012Wiggins Bradley Yellow card Froome Christopher Clive Yellow card Nibali Vincenzo
2013Froome Christopher Clive Yellow card Quintana Rojas Nairo Alexander Red card Rodriguez Oliver Joaquin
2014Nibali VincenzoPeraud Jean-christophePinot Thibaut
2015Froome Christopher Clive Yellow card Quintana Rojas Nairo Alexander Red card Valverde Alejandro Red card
2016Froome Christopher Clive Yellow card Bardet RomainQuintana Rojas Nairo Alexander Red card
2017Froome Christopher Clive Yellow card Uran RigobertoBardet Romain
2018Thomas GeraintDumoulin TomFroome Christopher Clive Yellow card
2019Bernal Gomez Egan ArleyThomas GeraintKruijswijk Steven
2020Pogacar TadejRoglic PrimozPorte Richard Julian
2021Pogacar TadejVingegaard Rasmussen JonasCarapaz Montenegro Richard Anton
2022Vingegaard Rasmussen JonasPogacar TadejThomas Geraint
2023Vingegaard Rasmussen JonasPogacar TadejYates Adam

Red card reports a rider who was sanctioned in a doping case
Yellow card reports a rider pinned in our doping directory but who has not been sanctioned or whose we are not aware of the possible sanction


The alternative prize list

The other track record is the one you will not see anywhere else. We have removed from the official list all the riders who have been, at one time or another of their career or even after, involved in a doping case and appear as such in our directory.
This alternative ranking starts in 1968, the date of the first anti-doping tests.

Tour Winner Second Third
1968San Miguel GregorioBitossi FrancoGandarias Andres
1969Gandarias AndresPanizza WladimiroSchutz Edy
1970Pettersson GostaVandenbossche MartinHoubrechts Antoon
1971Lopez-carril VicenteGaldos FranciscoMori Primo
1972Janssens EdwardHoubrechts AntoonVandenbossche Martin
1973Fuente José-manuelPerin MichelLopez-carril Vicente
1974Lopez-carril VicentePanizza WladimiroAja Gonzalo
1975Lopez-carril VicenteFuchs JosefJanssens Edward
1976Riccomi WalterGaldos FranciscoBertoglio Fausto
1977Kuiper HennieGaldos FranciscoLaurent Michel
1978Galdos FranciscoLubberding HenkNilsson Sven-ake
1979Kuiper HennieNilsson Sven-akeLubberding Henk
1980Kuiper HennieDe Muynck JohanNilsson Sven-ake
1981De Muynck JohanNilsson Sven-akeDe Wolf Alfons
1982Willems DanielKuiper HennieNilsson Sven-ake
1983Lubberding HenkBoyer JonathanCorredor Alvarez Edgar
1984Lemond GregRuttimann NikiAcevedo Porras Rafael-antonik
1985Lemond GregHerrera LuisParra Fabio
1986Lemond GregZimmermann UrsHampsten Andrew
1987Bernard Jean-françoisHerrera LuisParra Fabio
1988Parra FabioBauer SteveHerrera Luis
1989Lemond GregAlcala Gallegos RaulCornillet Bruno
1990Lemond GregBreukink ErikChozas Eduardo
1991Lemond GregHampsten AndrewRue Gérard
1992Hampsten AndrewBreukink ErikVona Franco
1993Hampsten AndrewMartin Velasco AntonioDojwa Jean-philippe
1994Escartin FernandoPellicioli OscarRodriguez Nelson
1995Mauri MelchiorEscartin FernandoLanfranchi Paolo
1996Luttenberger PeterEscartin FernandoJonker Patrick
1997Escartin FernandoZberg BeatLuttenberger Peter
1998Rinero ChristopheBaranowski DariuszVan De Wouwer Kurt
1999Escartin FernandoBelli WladimirVan De Wouwer Kurt
2000Beloki JosebaEscartin FernandoGarcia Casas Felix Manuel
2001Beloki JosebaKivilev AndreySimon François
2002Beloki JosebaAzevedo José BentoSastre Carlos
2003Zubeldia HaimarSastre CarlosLuttenberger Peter
2004Kloden AndreasAzevedo José BentoSastre Carlos
2005Evans CadelPereiro OscarPopovych Yaroslav
2006Pereiro OscarKloden AndreasSastre Carlos
2007Evans CadelSastre CarlosZubeldia Haimar
2008Sastre CarlosEvans CadelKirchen Kim
2009Schleck AndyKloden AndreasNibali Vincenzo
2010Schleck AndyVan Den Broeck JurgenGesink Robert
2011Evans CadelSchleck AndyVoeckler Thomas
2012Nibali VincenzoVan Den Broeck JurgenVan Garderen Tejay
2013Rodriguez Oliver JoaquinMollema BaukeFuglsang Jakob
2014Nibali VincenzoPeraud Jean-christophePinot Thibaut
2015Nibali VincenzoGesink RobertMollema Bauke
2016Bardet RomainYates AdamPorte Richard Julian
2017Uran RigobertoBardet RomainLanda Meana Mikel
2018Thomas GeraintDumoulin TomRoglic Primoz
2019Bernal Gomez Egan ArleyThomas GeraintKruijswijk Steven
2020Pogacar TadejRoglic PrimozPorte Richard Julian
2021Pogacar TadejVingegaard Rasmussen JonasCarapaz Montenegro Richard Anton
2022Vingegaard Rasmussen JonasPogacar TadejThomas Geraint
2023Vingegaard Rasmussen JonasPogacar TadejYates Adam

The alternative list allows us to establish a list of winners since 1968, who do not appear in the doping directory, classified by number of victories:

Victories Riders
6Lemond Greg
3Nibali Vincenzo
Evans Cadel
Escartin Fernando
Lopez-carril Vicente
Beloki Joseba
Kuiper Hennie
2Vingegaard Rasmussen Jonas
Pogacar Tadej
Hampsten Andrew
Schleck Andy
1Bernal Gomez Egan Arley
Thomas Geraint
Uran Rigoberto
Bardet Romain
Rodriguez Oliver Joaquin
Sastre Carlos
Pereiro Oscar
Kloden Andreas
Zubeldia Haimar
Rinero Christophe
Luttenberger Peter
Mauri Melchior
Parra Fabio
Bernard Jean-françois
Lubberding Henk
Willems Daniel
De Muynck Johan
Galdos Francisco
Riccomi Walter
Fuente José-manuel
Janssens Edward
Pettersson Gosta
Gandarias Andres
San Miguel Gregorio


See also


Tempêtes sur le Tour

Ten years after the Festina affair, Pierre Ballester, co-author of L.A. Confidentiel, published Tempêtes sur le Tour. In this book, he takes stock of today's cycling and its flagship event. A significant part of the book is devoted to doping and dissects the picture presented above. The figures presented in the book are slightly lower than those published here: as research continues, new riders have since fallen through the cracks of the doping directory.

On the occasion of the release of this book, Pierre Ballester gave an interview to cyclist-dopage.com. Click here to read it (in French).

Reading notes Acheter ce livre sur amazon.fr