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Tour de France 2000 : the real numbers of doping |
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The table below establishes, team by team, the count of the riders who have been or will be subsequently "pinned" in doping cases.
Teams | Riders | Pinned | Top 10 | Pinned | Podium | Pinned |
US POSTAL SERVICE | 9 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
BANESTO | 9 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
KELME - COSTA BLANCA | 9 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
MAPEI - QUICK STEP | 9 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
RABOBANK | 9 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
O.N.C.E - DEUTSCHE BANK | 9 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
TEAM DEUTSCHE TELEKOM | 9 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
MERCATONE UNO - ALBACOM | 9 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
AG2R PREVOYANCE | 9 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
SAECO - VALLI & VALLI | 9 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
FESTINA Watches | 9 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
FARM FRITES | 9 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
COFIDIS . CREDIT PAR TELEPHONE | 9 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
LOTTO - ADECCO | 9 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
FRANCAISE DES JEUX | 9 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
TEAM POLTI | 9 | 9 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
MEMORY CARD TECHNOLOGY-JACK & JONES | 9 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
CREDIT AGRICOLE | 9 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
VINI CALDIROLA - SIDERMEC | 9 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
BONJOUR | 9 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Total | 180 | 97 | 10 | 8 | 3 | 2 |
Pourcentage | 54% | 80% | 67% |
Pinned: Number of riders who violated the anti-doping rules.
Included in this category: riders who have been tested positive (including refuse to submit to doping control or hematocrit> 50%), having acknowledged having doped, having been sanctioned (by the justice, their federation or their team).
Not included (for example) : those whose sample B was negative.
Top 10: number of riders present in the top 10 of the final general classification.
Podium: number of riders present in the first 3 of the final general classification.
Other data :
Ranking source : http://www.memoire-du-cyclisme.net (31/01/2008)
The ranking as it would be if we excluded all racers "pinned" in doping cases during their career.
The list of participants by team
17 years of existence, 20 cases, ie 1,18 per year
1. Armstrong Lance - 1999 : positive control (no penalty) ; 1999 : laboratory inquiry (no penalty)
2. Andreu Frankie - 1995 : confessions in 2006 (no penalty)
3. Ekimov Viatcheslav
4. Hamilton Tyler - 1997 : confessions in 2012 (sanction not known) ; 2001 : confessions in 2015 (no penalty) ; 2004 : positive control, confessions in 2011 (no penalty) ; 2004 : positive control ; 2009 : positive control and confessions in 2009
5. Hincapie George - 1996 : confessions in 2012
6. Joachim Benoît - 2000 : positive control (no penalty)
7. Kjaergaard Steffen - 2000 : confessions in 2012 (no penalty)
8. Livingston Kevin - 1999 : judicial investigation (no penalty) ; 1997 : positive control (no penalty) ; 1999 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
9. Vasseur Cédric
44 years of existence, 29 cases, ie 0,66 per year
11. Zülle Alex - 1993 : positive control (no penalty) ; 1994 : positive control (no penalty) ; 1998 : blood test, urine, hair ; 1998 : confessions in 1998 (sanction not known)
12. Arrieta Lujambio José Luis - 2001 : police investigation (sanction not known)
13. Baranowski Dariusz
14. Garcia Acosta Jose-vicente
15. Jimenez José-maria - 199x : dead in 2003 ; 1993 : positive control (sanction not known)
16. Mancebo Francisco - 2006 : police investigation
17. Odriozola Mugarza Jon - 1997 : absence to control (no penalty) ; 2001 : police investigation (sanction not known)
18. Piepoli Leonardo - 2007 : positive control (2 times) ; 2008 : positive control (2 times)
19. Rodrigues Gomes Orlando Sergio
36 years of existence, 27 cases, ie 0,75 per year
21. Escartin Fernando
22. Botero Santiago - 1999 : positive control ; 2002 : positive control (no penalty)
23. Contreras Carlos-alberto
24. Heras Roberto - 2005 : positive control (no penalty)
25. Leon Francisco
26. Otxoa Javier - 1999 : positive control
27. Pascual Llorente Javier - 2003 : positive control
28. Tauler Antonio - 2006 : positive control ; 2010 : positive control (sanction not known)
29. Vidal Jose-angel
31 years of existence, 26 cases, ie 0,84 per year
31. Bartoli Michele - 2006 : police investigation (no penalty)
32. Beltran Manuel - 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty) ; 1999 : positive control (no penalty) ; 1999 : laboratory inquiry (no penalty) ; 2008 : positive control
33. Bettini Paolo
34. Mcrae Chann
35. Nardello Daniele - 1999 : positive control (no penalty)
36. Rodriguez Fred
37. Steels Tom - 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty) ; 1999 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
38. Van Heeswijk Max - 2007 : confessions in 2011 (no penalty)
39. Zanini Stefano - 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty) ; 2001 : in the act
40 years of existence, 24 cases, ie 0,6 per year
41. Boogerd Michael - 2005 : confessions in 2013
42. Boven Jan
43. Dekker Erik - 1999 : positive control
44. Den Bakker Maarten
45. Lotz Marc - 2005 : judicial investigation and confessions
46. Niermann Grischa - 2000 : confessions in 2013
47. Van Bon Leon
48. Wauters Marc
49. Zberg Marcus
51. Jalabert Laurent - 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
52. Canada David
53. Etxebarria David - 2004 : positive control
54. Gutierrez Palacios José Ivan
55. Jalabert Nicolas
56. Luttenberger Peter
57. Olano Abraham - 1994 : positive control ; 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
58. Pena Miguel Angel
59. Serrano Rodriguez Marcos-antonio - 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
23 years of existence, 40 cases, ie 1,74 per year
61. Ullrich Jan - 1997 : confessions in 2013 (no penalty) ; 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty) ; 2001 : police investigation (no penalty) ; 2002 : positive control ; 2005 : judicial investigation
62. Bolts Udo - 1995 : confessions in 2007 (sanction not known)
63. Elli Alberto - 2001 : in the act
64. Fagnini Gianmatteo
65. Guerini Giuseppe
66. Heppner Jens - 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
67. Vinokourov Alexandre - 2004 : absence to control (no penalty) ; 2007 : positive control
68. Wesemann Steffen
69. Zabel Erik - 1994 : positive control (no penalty) ; 1996 : confessions in 2007 and 2013 ; 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
7 years of existence, 19 cases, ie 2,71 per year
71. Pantani Marco - 1993 : medical control (sanction not known) ; 1995 : medical control + poursuites judiciaires ; 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty) ; 1999 : blood test ; 2001 : in the act
72. Borgheresi Simone - 2001 : police investigation (sanction not known)
73. Brignoli Ermanno - 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty) ; 2001 : in the act
74. Fontanelli Fabiano - 1996 : positive control ; 2001 : blood test
75. Forconi Riccardo - 1998 : positive control ; 2001 : positive control
76. Podenzana Massimo - 1986 : positive control
77. Siboni Marcello - 2001 : in the act
78. Velo Marco - 1994 : positive control ; 1999 : positive control ; 2000 : positive control
79. Zaina Enrico
32 years of existence, 17 cases, ie 0,53 per year
81. Kirsipuu Jan - 1993 : positive control (sanction not known)
82. Agnolutto Christophe
83. Aus Lauri
84. Chanteur Pascal - 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
85. Delrieu David
86. Kasputis Arturas
87. Kivilev Andrey
88. Maignan Gilles
89. Salmon Benoit
15 years of existence, 20 cases, ie 1,33 per year
91. Dufaux Laurent - 1998 : blood test, urine, hair, confessions in 1998
92. Atienza Daniel
93. Commesso Salvatore - 2001 : in the act
94. Meier Armin - 1998 : confessions in 1998 ; 1998 : blood test, urine, hair
95. Mori Massimiliano - 2003 : fraud
96. Padrnos Pavel - 2001 : in the act (sanction not known)
97. Pieri Dario
98. Savoldelli Paolo - 2005 : disciplinary investigation
99. Scirea Mario - 2004 : in the act
12 years of existence, 31 cases, ie 2,58 per year
101. Moreau Christophe - 1996 : confessions in 1998 ; 1998 : positive control ; 1998 : blood test, urine, hair, confessions (no penalty) ; 2008 : medical control
102. Beloki Joseba
103. Casero Angel - 1996 : positive control (no penalty)
104. Garcia Casas Felix Manuel
105. Hernandez Jaime
106. Lino Pascal - 1993 : positive control ; 1996 : judicial investigation and confessions (no penalty) ; 1999 : confessions in 1999
107. Madouas Laurent - 1994 : positive control
108. Plaza David
109. Wust Marcel
25 years of existence, 30 cases, ie 1,2 per year
111. Ivanov Sergueï - 1998 : judicial investigation (no penalty) ; 2000 : blood test
112. Klier Andreas - 1999 : confessions in 2013 (no penalty)
113. Knaven Servais - 1998 : judicial investigation (no penalty)
114. Koerts Jans - 1993 : confessions in 2007 (no penalty)
115. Lafis Michel
116. Magnusson Glenn
117. Mcewen Robbie
118. Moerenhout Koos
119. Van Bondt Geert
28 years of existence, 21 cases, ie 0,75 per year
121. Vandenbroucke Franck - 1996 : judicial investigation (no penalty) ; 1999 : blood test and confessions in 2008 ; 2002 : in the act ; 2008 : police investigation
122. Desbiens Laurent - 1996 : positive control ; 1996 : positive control ; 1996 : positive control ; 1996 : positive control ; 1998 : confessions (sanction not known) ; 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
123. Lefèvre Laurent
124. Lelli Massimiliano
125. Mattan Nico - 2000 : positive control ; 200x : confessions in 2007 (no penalty)
126. Meier Roland - 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty) ; 2001 : positive control
127. Millar David - 2003 : confessions in 2004
128. Moncoutié David
129. Peers Chris - 2003 : judicial investigation
40 years of existence, 15 cases, ie 0,38 per year
131. Verbrugghe Rik
132. Aerts Mario
133. Baguet Serge
134. Demarbaix Sebastien
135. Durand Jacky - 1996 : positive control ; 1996 : positive control ; 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
136. Marichal Thierry - 1996 : judicial investigation (no penalty)
137. Van De Wouwer Kurt
138. Van Hyfte Paul
139. Verheyen Geert
27 years of existence, 13 cases, ie 0,48 per year
141. Heulot Stéphane - 1999 : police investigation (no penalty)
142. Guesdon Frédéric
143. Gwiazdowski Grzegorz
144. Hoj Frank - 1995 : confessions in 2015 (no penalty)
145. Jan Xavier
146. Magnien Emmanuel - 1998 : blood control (sanction not known) ; 2000 : positive control
147. Mengin Christophe
148. Montgomery Sven
149. Nazon Jean-patrick
18 years of existence, 8 cases, ie 0,44 per year
151. Virenque Richard - 1994 : confessions in 2000 ; 1998 : blood test, urine, hair (sanction not known) ; 1999 : blood test (sanction not known) ; 1999 : confessions in 1999 (sanction not known)
152. Blijlevens Jeroen - 1998 : judicial investigation (no penalty) ; 1998 : senate inquiry and confessions in 2013 (no penalty) ; 2001 : police investigation (sanction not known)
153. Brasi Rossano - 2000 : blood test
154. Cassani Enrico - 2003 : positive control
155. Crepaldi Mirko - 2018 : police investigation (sanction not known)
156. Hervé Pascal - 1998 : blood test, urine, hair ; 1998 : confessions in 2000 (sanction not known) ; 2001 : positive control
157. Mateos Perez Rafael - 2003 : positive control
158. Sacchi Fabio - 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty) ; 2002 : in the act
159. Voskamp Bertus - 1998 : judicial investigation and confessions (no penalty)
19 years of existence, 14 cases, ie 0,74 per year
161. Hamburger Bo - 1993 : positive control (no penalty) ; 1995 : confessions in 2007 (no penalty) ; 1998 : confessions in 1998 (sanction not known) ; 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty) ; 1999 : positive control (no penalty) ; 1999 : laboratory inquiry (no penalty) ; 2001 : positive control ; 2003 : positive control
162. Blaudzun Michael
163. Hoffman Tristan
164. Johansen Allan
165. Larsen Nicolay Bo - 2000 : blood test
166. Piziks Arvis
167. Rittsel Martin
168. Sandstod Mickael
169. Skibby Jesper - 1990 : confessions in 2006 (no penalty) ; 1991 : confessions in 2006 (no penalty) ; 1992 : confessions in 2006 (no penalty)
67 years of existence, 75 cases, ie 1,12 per year
171. Julich Bobby - 1996 : confessions in 2012 ; 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
172. Backstedt Magnus
173. Gougot Fabrice
174. Hinault Sébastien
175. Langella Anthony
176. Morin Anthony
177. O'grady Stuart - 1998 : senate inquiry and confessions in 2013 (no penalty)
178. Vaughters Jonathan - 1996 : confessions in 2012 (no penalty) ; 1997 : confessions (no penalty) ; 1998 : confessions in 2012 (no penalty)
179. Voigt Jens
27 years of existence, 13 cases, ie 0,48 per year
181. Vainsteins Romans - 2003 : judicial investigation (no penalty)
182. Apollonio Massimo - 1998 : blood test
183. Bortolami Gianluca - 1998 : confessions (sanction not known) ; 1999 : judicial search (sanction not known) ; 2000 : blood test (sanction not known) ; 2003 : positive control
184. Casagrande Filippo - 1999 : positive control (no penalty)
185. Conti Roberto - 2002 : in the act
186. Hauptman Andrej - 2000 : blood test
187. Klemencic Zoran
188. Radaelli Mauro
189. Trentin Guido
191. Robin Jean-cyril - 199x : confessions in 2004 (sanction not known)
192. Bénéteau Walter
193. Bouyer Franck
194. Deramé Pascal
195. Faudot Christophe
196. Nazon Damien
197. Perraudeau Olivier
198. Rous Didier - 1998 : analyses sang, urine, cheveux et aveux en 1998
199. Simon François