Tour de France 2000 : the real numbers of doping

Statistics

The table below establishes, team by team, the count of the riders who have been or will be subsequently "pinned" in doping cases.

Teams	Riders	Pinned	Top 10	Pinned	Podium	Pinned
US POSTAL SERVICE	9	7	1	1	1	1
BANESTO	9	6	1	1	0	0
KELME - COSTA BLANCA	9	5	3	2	0	0
MAPEI - QUICK STEP	9	6	1	1	0	0
RABOBANK	9	4	0	0	0	0
O.N.C.E - DEUTSCHE BANK	9	4	0	0	0	0
TEAM DEUTSCHE TELEKOM	9	6	1	1	1	1
MERCATONE UNO - ALBACOM	9	8	0	0	0	0
AG2R PREVOYANCE	9	2	0	0	0	0
SAECO - VALLI & VALLI	9	7	0	0	0	0
FESTINA Watches	9	4	2	1	1	0
FARM FRITES	9	4	0	0	0	0
COFIDIS . CREDIT PAR TELEPHONE	9	6	0	0	0	0
LOTTO - ADECCO	9	2	0	0	0	0
FRANCAISE DES JEUX	9	3	0	0	0	0
TEAM POLTI	9	9	1	1	0	0
MEMORY CARD TECHNOLOGY-JACK & JONES	9	4	0	0	0	0
CREDIT AGRICOLE	9	4	0	0	0	0
VINI CALDIROLA - SIDERMEC	9	6	0	0	0	0
BONJOUR	9	2	0	0	0	0
Total	180	99	10	8	3	2
Pourcentage		55%		80%		67%

Other data :

• Route : Futuroscope -
• Stages : 21
• Riders : 180
• Finishers : 127
• Distance : 3662 km
• Winning time : 92h 33'8"
• Average speed of the winner : 39,569 km/h
• Difference between winner and second rider : 6'2" ie 0,11 %
• Difference between winner and last rider : 3:46'37" ie 4,08 %
• Number of doping cases : 4

The official ranking

Ranking source : http://www.memoire-du-cyclisme.net (31/01/2008)

1. Armstrong Lance in 92h33'08'' 1999 : positive control (no penalty) ; 1999 : laboratory inquiry
2. Ullrich Jan at 0h06'02'' 1995 : aveux en 2023 (no penalty) ; 1997 : confessions in 2013 (no penalty) ; 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty) ; 2001 : police investigation (no penalty) ; 2002 : positive control ; 2005 : judicial investigation
3. Beloki Joseba at 0h10'04''
4. Moreau Christophe at 0h10'34'' 1996 : confessions in 1998 ; 1998 : positive control ; 1998 : blood test, urine, hair, confessions (no penalty) ; 2008 : medical control
5. Heras Roberto at 0h11'50'' 2005 : positive control (no penalty)
6. Virenque Richard at 0h13'26'' 1994 : confessions in 2000 ; 1998 : blood test, urine, hair (sanction not known) ; 1999 : blood test (sanction not known) ; 1999 : confessions in 1999 (sanction not known)
7. Botero Echeverry Santiago at 0h14'18'' 1999 : positive control ; 2002 : positive control (no penalty)
8. Escartin Fernando at 0h17'21''
9. Mancebo Francisco at 0h18'09'' 2006 : police investigation
10. Nardello Daniele at 0h18'25'' 1999 : positive control (no penalty)
11. Beltran Martinez Manuel at 0h21'11'' 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty) ; 1999 : positive control (no penalty) ; 1999 : laboratory inquiry (no penalty) ; 2008 : positive control
12. Hervé Pascal at 0h23'13'' 1998 : blood test, urine, hair ; 1998 : confessions in 2000 (sanction not known) ; 2001 : positive control
13. Otxoa Palacios Javier at 0h25'00'' 1999 : positive control
14. Garcia Casas Felix Manuel at 0h32'04''
15. Vinokourov Alexandre at 0h32'26'' 2004 : absence to control (no penalty) ; 2007 : positive control
16. Conti Roberto at 0h34'18'' 2002 : in the act
17. Van De Wouwer Kurt at 0h34'29''
18. Trentin Guido at 0h35'57''
19. Robin Jean-cyril at 0h43'12'' 199x : confessions in 2004 (sanction not known)
20. Verheyen Geert at 0h46'24''
21. Luttenberger Peter at 0h48'27''
22. Mattan Nico at 0h50'09'' 2000 : positive control ; 200x : confessions in 2007 (no penalty)
23. Jimenez José Maria at 0h51'45'' 199x : dead in 2003 ; 1993 : positive control (sanction not known)
24. Niermann Grischa at 0h52'06'' 2000 : confessions in 2013
25. Hamilton Tyler at 0h56'30'' 1997 : confessions in 2012 (sanction not known) ; 2001 : confessions in 2015 (no penalty) ; 2004 : positive control, confessions in 2011 (no penalty) ; 2004 : positive control ; 2009 : positive control and confessions in 2009
26. Guerini Giuseppe at 0h59'33''
27. Lelli Massimiliano at 1h06'05''
28. Aerts Mario at 1h06'44''
29. Atienza Daniel at 1h09'19''
30. Baranowski Dariusz at 1h09'27''
31. Pascual Llorente Javier at 1h16'33'' 2003 : positive control
32. Kivilev Andrey at 1h17'28''
33. Garcia David at 1h17'44''
34. Olano Abraham at 1h19'44'' 1994 : positive control ; 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
35. Madouas Laurent at 1h20'40'' 1994 : positive control
36. Hamburger Bo at 1h21'33'' 1993 : positive control (no penalty) ; 1995 : confessions in 2007 (no penalty) ; 1998 : confessions in 1998 (sanction not known) ; 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty) ; 1999 : positive control (no penalty) ; 1999 : laboratory inquiry (no penalty) ; 2001 : positive control ; 2003 : positive control
37. Livingston Kevin at 1h23'13'' 1999 : judicial investigation (no penalty) ; 1997 : positive control (no penalty) ; 1999 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
38. Zaina Enrico at 1h23'33''
39. Velo Marco at 1h24'21'' 1994 : positive control ; 1999 : positive control ; 2000 : positive control
40. Heppner Jens at 1h29'51'' 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
41. Savoldelli Paolo at 1h32'00'' 2005 : disciplinary investigation
42. Bolts Udo at 1h32'33'' 1995 : confessions in 2007 (sanction not known)
43. Wauters Marc at 1h33'34''
44. Meier Roland at 1h35'57'' 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty) ; 2001 : positive control
45. Rous Didier at 1h39'55'' 1998 : analyses sang, urine, cheveux et aveux en 1998
46. Siboni Marcello at 1h42'00'' 2001 : in the act
47. Odriozola Mugar. Jon at 1h43'22'' 1997 : absence to control (no penalty) ; 2001 : police investigation (sanction not known)
48. Julich Bobby at 1h44'15'' 1996 : confessions in 2012 ; 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
49. Den Bakker Maarten at 1h46'17''
50. Vidal Jose-angel at 1h50'59''
51. Dekker Eric at 1h51'27'' 1999 : positive control
52. Vasseur Cédric at 1h55'25''
53. Garcia Acosta Jose-vicente at 1h56'31''
54. Jalabert Laurent at 1h58'47'' 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
55. Ekimov Vjatceslav at 1h59'57''
56. Lotz Marc at 2h02'04'' 2005 : judicial investigation and confessions
57. Arrieta José-luis at 2h04'21'' 2001 : police investigation (sanction not known)
58. Simon François at 2h10'08''
59. Brignoli Ermanno at 2h10'28'' 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty) ; 2001 : in the act
60. Voigt Jens at 2h10'37''
61. Zabel Erik at 2h11'07'' 1994 : positive control (no penalty) ; 1996 : confessions in 2007 and 2013 ; 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
62. Millar David at 2h13'03'' 2001 : confessions in 2004
63. Tauler Toni at 2h16'05'' 2006 : positive control ; 2010 : positive control (sanction not known)
64. Sacchi Fabio at 2h17'40'' 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty) ; 2002 : in the act
65. Hincapie George at 2h20'31'' 1996 : confessions in 2012
66. Agnolutto Christophe at 2h23'07''
67. Mori Massimilliano at 2h24'05'' 2003 : fraud
68. Zberg Markus at 2h26'40''
69. Chanteur Pascal at 2h27'19'' 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
70. Forconi Riccardo at 2h28'14'' 1998 : positive control ; 2001 : positive control
71. Beneteau Walter at 2h28'17''
72. Commesso Salvatore at 2h28'48'' 2001 : in the act
73. Podenzana Massimo at 2h29'17'' 1986 : positive control
74. Durand Jacky at 2h31'48'' 1996 : positive control ; 1996 : positive control ; 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
75. Moncoutie David at 2h32'26''
76. Jan Xavier at 2h33'55''
77. Moerenhout Jacobus (koos) at 2h34'31''
78. Lafis Michel at 2h35'52''
79. Van Hyfte Paul at 2h36'03''
80. Zanini Stefano at 2h36'07'' 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty) ; 2001 : in the act
81. Maignan Gilles at 2h36'12''
82. Vainsteins Romans at 2h38'10'' 2003 : judicial investigation (no penalty)
83. Delrieu David
84. Elli Alberto at 2h40'12'' 2001 : in the act
85. Padrnos Pavel at 2h40'19'' 2001 : in the act (sanction not known)
86. Rodriguez Fred at 2h40'19''
87. Rodrigues Gomes Orlando Sergio at 2h40'31''
88. Demarbaix Sebastien at 2h41'19''
89. Kjaergaard Steffen at 2h44'01'' 2000 : confessions in 2012 (no penalty)
90. Morin Anthony at 2h44'02'' 1997 : police investigation (no penalty)
91. Magnusson Glenn at 2h45'46''
92. Joachim Benoit at 2h45'56'' 2000 : positive control (no penalty)
93. Piziks Arvis at 2h46'06''
94. Crepaldi Mirko at 2h48'30'' 2018 : police investigation (sanction not known)
95. Mengin Christophe at 2h50'21''
96. Radaelli Mauro at 2h51'01''
97. Hernandez Jaime at 2h51'14''
98. Magnien Emmanuel at 2h51'21'' 1998 : blood control (sanction not known) ; 2000 : positive control
99. Larsen Nicolay Bo at 2h52'14'' 2000 : blood test
100. Hoj Frank at 2h52'46'' 1995 : confessions in 2015 (no penalty)
101. Marichal Thierry at 2h52'52'' 1996 : judicial investigation (no penalty)
102. Apollonio Massimo at 2h54'00'' 1998 : blood test
103. Van Heeswijk Max at 2h54'50'' 2007 : confessions in 2011 (no penalty)
104. Fagnini Gianmatteo at 2h55'45''
105. Klier Andreas at 2h58'04'' 1999 : confessions in 2013 (no penalty)
106. Gwiazdowski Gregor at 2h58'05''
107. Salmon Benoit at 2h59'59''
108. Rittsel Martin at 3h00'47''
109. Knaven Servais at 3h02'49'' 1998 : judicial investigation (no penalty)
110. Andreu Frankie at 3h02'15'' 1995 : confessions in 2006 (no penalty)
111. Derame Pascal at 3h03'30''
112. Lino Pascal at 3h03'38'' 1993 : positive control ; 1996 : judicial investigation and confessions (no penalty) ; 1999 : confessions in 1999
113. Mcewen Robbie at 3h04'28''
114. Borgheresi Simone 2001 : police investigation (sanction not known)
115. Voskamp Bart at 3h05'17'' 1998 : judicial investigation and confessions (no penalty)
116. Guesdon Frédéric at 3h07'16''
117. Hoffman Tristan at 3h07'17'' 1998 : positive control (no penalty)
118. Van Bondt Geert at 3h07'39''
119. Johansen Allan at 3h08'22''
120. Langella Anthony at 3h13'40''
121. Baguet Serge at 3h17'15''
122. Bouyer Franck at 3h18'37''
123. Backstedt Magnus at 3h20'27''
124. Leon Francisco at 3h22'52''
125. Hinault Sébastien at 3h41'02''
126. Nazon Damien at 3h43'13''
127. Perraudeau Olivier at 3h46'37''

reports a rider who was sanctioned in a doping case
reports a rider pinned in our doping directory but who has not been sanctioned or whose we are not aware of the possible sanction

The alternative ranking

The ranking as it would be if we excluded all racers "pinned" in doping cases during their career.

1. Beloki Joseba
2. Escartin Fernando
3. Garcia Casas Felix Manuel
4. Van De Wouwer Kurt
5. Trentin Guido
6. Verheyen Geert
7. Luttenberger Peter
8. Guerini Giuseppe
9. Lelli Massimiliano
10. Aerts Mario
11. Atienza Daniel
12. Baranowski Dariusz
13. Kivilev Andrey
14. Garcia Canada David
15. Zaina Enrico
16. Wauters Marc
17. Den Bakker Maarten
18. Vidal Jose-angel
19. Vasseur Cédric
20. Garcia Acosta Jose-vicente
21. Ekimov Viatcheslav
22. Simon François
23. Voigt Jens
24. Agnolutto Christophe
25. Zberg Marcus
26. Bénéteau Walter
27. Moncoutié David
28. Jan Xavier
29. Moerenhout Koos
30. Lafis Michel
31. Van Hyfte Paul
32. Maignan Gilles
33. Delrieu David
34. Rodriguez Fred
35. Rodrigues Gomes Orlando Sergio
36. Demarbaix Sebastien
37. Magnusson Glenn
38. Piziks Arvis
39. Mengin Christophe
40. Radaelli Mauro
41. Hernandez Jaime
42. Fagnini Gianmatteo
43. Gwiazdowski Grzegorz
44. Salmon Benoit
45. Rittsel Martin
46. Deramé Pascal
47. Mcewen Robbie
48. Guesdon Frédéric
49. Van Bondt Geert
50. Johansen Allan
51. Langella Anthony
52. Baguet Serge
53. Bouyer Franck
54. Backstedt Magnus
55. Leon Francisco
56. Hinault Sébastien
57. Nazon Damien
58. Perraudeau Olivier

List of doping cases during the race

Rider	Product	Race	Year	Sanction	Control
Brasi Rossano	Hématocrite > 50%	Tour de France	2000	Oui	Analyse sang
Hauptman Andrej	Hématocrite > 50%	Tour de France	2000	Oui	Analyse sang
Ivanov Sergueï	Hématocrite > 50%	Tour de France	2000	Oui	Analyse sang
Magnien Emmanuel	Corticoïdes	Tour de France	2000	Oui	Contrôle positif

The list of participants

The list of participants by team

US POSTAL SERVICE

17 years of existence, 29 cases, ie 1,71 per year

1. Armstrong Lance 1999 : positive control (no penalty) ; 1999 : laboratory inquiry
2. Andreu Frankie 1995 : confessions in 2006 (no penalty)
3. Ekimov Vjatceslav
4. Hamilton Tyler 1997 : confessions in 2012 (sanction not known) ; 2001 : confessions in 2015 (no penalty) ; 2004 : positive control, confessions in 2011 (no penalty) ; 2004 : positive control ; 2009 : positive control and confessions in 2009
5. Hincapie George 1996 : confessions in 2012
6. Joachim Benoit 2000 : positive control (no penalty)
7. Kjaergaard Steffen 2000 : confessions in 2012 (no penalty)
8. Livingston Kevin 1999 : judicial investigation (no penalty) ; 1997 : positive control (no penalty) ; 1999 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
9. Vasseur Cédric

BANESTO

45 years of existence, 29 cases, ie 0,64 per year

11. Zülle Alex 1993 : positive control (no penalty) ; 1994 : positive control (no penalty) ; 1998 : blood test, urine, hair ; 1998 : confessions in 1998 (sanction not known)
12. Arrieta José-luis 2001 : police investigation (sanction not known)
13. Baranowski Dariusz
14. Garcia Acosta Jose-vicente
15. Jimenez José Maria 199x : dead in 2003 ; 1993 : positive control (sanction not known)
16. Mancebo Francisco 2006 : police investigation
17. Odriozola Mugar. Jon 1997 : absence to control (no penalty) ; 2001 : police investigation (sanction not known)
18. Piepoli Leonardo 2007 : positive control (2 times) ; 2008 : positive control (2 times)
19. Rodrigues Gomes Orlando Sergio

KELME - COSTA BLANCA

36 years of existence, 27 cases, ie 0,75 per year

21. Escartin Fernando
22. Botero Echeverry Santiago 1999 : positive control ; 2002 : positive control (no penalty)
23. Contreras Carlos-alberto
24. Heras Roberto 2005 : positive control (no penalty)
25. Leon Francisco
26. Otxoa Palacios Javier 1999 : positive control
27. Pascual Llorente Javier 2003 : positive control
28. Tauler Toni 2006 : positive control ; 2010 : positive control (sanction not known)
29. Vidal Jose-angel

MAPEI - QUICK STEP

32 years of existence, 26 cases, ie 0,81 per year

31. Bartoli Michele 2006 : police investigation (no penalty)
32. Beltran Martinez Manuel 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty) ; 1999 : positive control (no penalty) ; 1999 : laboratory inquiry (no penalty) ; 2008 : positive control
33. Bettini Paolo
34. Mcrae Chann
35. Nardello Daniele 1999 : positive control (no penalty)
36. Rodriguez Fred
37. Steels Tom 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty) ; 1999 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
38. Van Heeswijk Max 2007 : confessions in 2011 (no penalty)
39. Zanini Stefano 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty) ; 2001 : in the act

RABOBANK

41 years of existence, 25 cases, ie 0,61 per year

41. Boogerd Michael 2005 : confessions in 2013
42. Boven Jan
43. Dekker Eric 1999 : positive control
44. Den Bakker Maarten
45. Lotz Marc 2005 : judicial investigation and confessions
46. Niermann Grischa 2000 : confessions in 2013
47. Van Bon Leon
48. Wauters Marc
49. Zberg Markus

O.N.C.E - DEUTSCHE BANK

51. Jalabert Laurent 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
52. Garcia David
53. Etxebarria Alkorta David 2004 : positive control
54. Gutierrez José-ivan
55. Jalabert Nicolas
56. Luttenberger Peter
57. Olano Abraham 1994 : positive control ; 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
58. Pena Miguel Angel
59. Serrano Rodriguez Marcos-antonio 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)

TEAM DEUTSCHE TELEKOM

23 years of existence, 48 cases, ie 2,09 per year

61. Ullrich Jan 1995 : aveux en 2023 (no penalty) ; 1997 : confessions in 2013 (no penalty) ; 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty) ; 2001 : police investigation (no penalty) ; 2002 : positive control ; 2005 : judicial investigation
62. Bolts Udo 1995 : confessions in 2007 (sanction not known)
63. Elli Alberto 2001 : in the act
64. Fagnini Gianmatteo
65. Guerini Giuseppe
66. Heppner Jens 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
67. Vinokourov Alexandre 2004 : absence to control (no penalty) ; 2007 : positive control
68. Wesemann Steffen
69. Zabel Erik 1994 : positive control (no penalty) ; 1996 : confessions in 2007 and 2013 ; 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)

MERCATONE UNO - ALBACOM

7 years of existence, 19 cases, ie 2,71 per year

71. Pantani Marco 1993 : medical control (sanction not known) ; 1995 : medical control + poursuites judiciaires ; 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty) ; 1999 : blood test ; 2001 : in the act
72. Borgheresi Simone 2001 : police investigation (sanction not known)
73. Brignoli Ermanno 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty) ; 2001 : in the act
74. Fontanelli Fabiano 1996 : positive control ; 2001 : blood test
75. Forconi Riccardo 1998 : positive control ; 2001 : positive control
76. Podenzana Massimo 1986 : positive control
77. Siboni Marcello 2001 : in the act
78. Velo Marco 1994 : positive control ; 1999 : positive control ; 2000 : positive control
79. Zaina Enrico

AG2R PREVOYANCE

33 years of existence, 18 cases, ie 0,55 per year

81. Kirsipuu Jan 1993 : positive control (sanction not known)
82. Agnolutto Christophe
83. Aus Lauri
84. Chanteur Pascal 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
85. Delrieu David
86. Kasputis Arturas
87. Kivilev Andrey
88. Maignan Gilles
89. Salmon Benoit

SAECO - VALLI & VALLI

15 years of existence, 20 cases, ie 1,33 per year

91. Dufaux Laurent 1998 : blood test, urine, hair, confessions in 1998
92. Atienza Daniel
93. Commesso Salvatore 2001 : in the act
94. Meier Armin 1998 : confessions in 1998 ; 1998 : blood test, urine, hair
95. Mori Massimilliano 2003 : fraud
96. Padrnos Pavel 2001 : in the act (sanction not known)
97. Pieri Dario
98. Savoldelli Paolo 2005 : disciplinary investigation
99. Scirea Mario 2004 : in the act

FESTINA Watches

12 years of existence, 31 cases, ie 2,58 per year

101. Moreau Christophe 1996 : confessions in 1998 ; 1998 : positive control ; 1998 : blood test, urine, hair, confessions (no penalty) ; 2008 : medical control
102. Beloki Joseba
103. Casero Moreno Angel-luis 1996 : positive control (no penalty)
104. Garcia Casas Felix Manuel
105. Hernandez Jaime
106. Lino Pascal 1993 : positive control ; 1996 : judicial investigation and confessions (no penalty) ; 1999 : confessions in 1999
107. Madouas Laurent 1994 : positive control
108. Plaza David
109. Wust Marcel

FARM FRITES

25 years of existence, 33 cases, ie 1,32 per year

111. Ivanov Serguei 1998 : judicial investigation (no penalty) ; 2000 : blood test
112. Klier Andreas 1999 : confessions in 2013 (no penalty)
113. Knaven Servais 1998 : judicial investigation (no penalty)
114. Koerts Jans 1993 : confessions in 2007 (no penalty)
115. Lafis Michel
116. Magnusson Glenn
117. Mcewen Robbie
118. Moerenhout Jacobus (koos)
119. Van Bondt Geert

COFIDIS . CREDIT PAR TELEPHONE

29 years of existence, 23 cases, ie 0,79 per year

121. Vandenbroucke Frank 1996 : judicial investigation (no penalty) ; 1999 : blood test and confessions in 2008 ; 2002 : in the act ; 2008 : police investigation
122. Desbiens Laurent 1996 : positive control ; 1996 : positive control ; 1996 : positive control ; 1996 : positive control ; 1998 : confessions (sanction not known) ; 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
123. Lefevre Laurent
124. Lelli Massimiliano
125. Mattan Nico 2000 : positive control ; 200x : confessions in 2007 (no penalty)
126. Meier Roland 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty) ; 2001 : positive control
127. Millar David 2001 : confessions in 2004
128. Moncoutie David
129. Peers Chris 2003 : judicial investigation

LOTTO - ADECCO

41 years of existence, 14 cases, ie 0,34 per year

131. Verbrugghe Rik
132. Aerts Mario
133. Baguet Serge
134. Demarbaix Sebastien
135. Durand Jacky 1996 : positive control ; 1996 : positive control ; 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
136. Marichal Thierry 1996 : judicial investigation (no penalty)
137. Van De Wouwer Kurt
138. Van Hyfte Paul
139. Verheyen Geert

FRANCAISE DES JEUX

28 years of existence, 14 cases, ie 0,5 per year

141. Heulot Stéphane 1999 : police investigation (no penalty)
142. Guesdon Frédéric
143. Gwiazdowski Gregor
144. Hoj Frank 1995 : confessions in 2015 (no penalty)
145. Jan Xavier
146. Magnien Emmanuel 1998 : blood control (sanction not known) ; 2000 : positive control
147. Mengin Christophe
148. Montgomery Sven
149. Nazon Jean-patrick

TEAM POLTI

18 years of existence, 10 cases, ie 0,56 per year

151. Virenque Richard 1994 : confessions in 2000 ; 1998 : blood test, urine, hair (sanction not known) ; 1999 : blood test (sanction not known) ; 1999 : confessions in 1999 (sanction not known)
152. Blijlevens Jeroen 1998 : judicial investigation (no penalty) ; 1999 : senate inquiry and confessions in 2013 (no penalty) ; 2001 : police investigation (sanction not known)
153. Brasi Rossano 2000 : blood test
154. Cassani Enrico 2003 : positive control
155. Crepaldi Mirko 2018 : police investigation (sanction not known)
156. Hervé Pascal 1998 : blood test, urine, hair ; 1998 : confessions in 2000 (sanction not known) ; 2001 : positive control
157. Mateos Perez Rafael 2003 : positive control
158. Sacchi Fabio 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty) ; 2002 : in the act
159. Voskamp Bart 1998 : judicial investigation and confessions (no penalty)

MEMORY CARD TECHNOLOGY-JACK & JONES

19 years of existence, 14 cases, ie 0,74 per year

161. Hamburger Bo 1993 : positive control (no penalty) ; 1995 : confessions in 2007 (no penalty) ; 1998 : confessions in 1998 (sanction not known) ; 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty) ; 1999 : positive control (no penalty) ; 1999 : laboratory inquiry (no penalty) ; 2001 : positive control ; 2003 : positive control
162. Blaudzun Michael
163. Hoffman Tristan 1998 : positive control (no penalty)
164. Johansen Allan
165. Larsen Nicolay Bo 2000 : blood test
166. Piziks Arvis
167. Rittsel Martin
168. Sandstod Mickael
169. Skibby Jesper 1990 : confessions in 2006 (no penalty) ; 1991 : confessions in 2006 (no penalty) ; 1992 : confessions in 2006 (no penalty)

CREDIT AGRICOLE

67 years of existence, 75 cases, ie 1,12 per year

171. Julich Bobby 1996 : confessions in 2012 ; 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
172. Backstedt Magnus
173. Gougot Fabrice
174. Hinault Sébastien
175. Langella Anthony
176. Morin Anthony 1997 : police investigation (no penalty)
177. O'grady Stuart 1998 : senate inquiry and confessions in 2013 (no penalty)
178. Vaughters Jonathan 1996 : confessions in 2012 (no penalty) ; 1997 : confessions (no penalty) ; 1998 : confessions in 2012 (no penalty)
179. Voigt Jens

VINI CALDIROLA - SIDERMEC

27 years of existence, 13 cases, ie 0,48 per year

181. Vainsteins Romans 2003 : judicial investigation (no penalty)
182. Apollonio Massimo 1998 : blood test
183. Bortolami Gianluca 1998 : confessions (sanction not known) ; 1999 : judicial search (sanction not known) ; 2000 : blood test (sanction not known) ; 2003 : positive control
184. Casagrande Filippo 1999 : positive control (no penalty)
185. Conti Roberto 2002 : in the act
186. Hauptman Andrej 2000 : blood test
187. Klemencic Zoran
188. Radaelli Mauro
189. Trentin Guido

BONJOUR

191. Robin Jean-cyril 199x : confessions in 2004 (sanction not known)
192. Beneteau Walter
193. Bouyer Franck
194. Derame Pascal
195. Faudot Christophe
196. Nazon Damien
197. Perraudeau Olivier
198. Rous Didier 1998 : analyses sang, urine, cheveux et aveux en 1998
199. Simon François

reports a rider who was sanctioned in a doping case
reports a rider pinned in our doping directory but who has not been sanctioned or whose we are not aware of the possible sanction

Revue de presse du Tour de France 2000

• Les poubelles de l'US Postal
• 11/10/2012 - 2000, transfusé avant le Ventoux
• 08/2002 - Non-lieu dans l'affaire US Postal
• 12/12/2000 - L'Actovegin, une substance interdite pour le CIO
• 07/12/2000 - Armstrong se dit "écoeuré"
• 25/11/2000 - France 3 vide les poubelles de l'US Postal
• 24/11/2000 - La justice se rapproche de l'équipe US Postal
• 09/11/2000 - Innuendo clouds cyclists
• 08/11/2000 - L'équipe du vainqueur du Tour se shootait au sang de veau
• 07/11/2000 - La justice ouvre une enquête sur l'équipe américaine dont Lance Armstrong est le leader
• 11/10/2000 - Baal: "Concentrons-nous sur les vrais problèmes"
• 11/10/2000 - Les tests EPO du Tour garderont leur secret
• 24/08/2000 - Cas Magnien - Magnien suspendu 6 mois avec sursis
• 12/08/2000 - Salvatore Commesso : «Je fais partie des 45% de coureurs annoncés positifs»
• 10/08/2000 - Les dopés du Tour étaient tous malades
• 24/07/2000 - Circulez, y'a rien à voir
• 02/07/2000 - Complètement piqués

See also

• The real numbers of doping (fr)
• The real numbers of doping on the Tour of Italy
• The real numbers of doping on the Tour de France
• The real numbers of doping on the Tour of Spain
• The doping cases on the Tour de France (fr)
• 
• Notes de lecture Acheter ce livre sur amazon.fr
• Notes de lecture Acheter ce livre sur amazon.fr
• Portrait de Lance Armstrong