Tour de France 1977 : the real numbers of doping

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Last update 14/09/2024 - cyclisme-dopage.com

Statistics

The table below establishes, team by team, the count of the riders who have been or will be subsequently "pinned" in doping cases.

Teams Riders Pinned Top 10 Pinned Podium Pinned
LEJEUNE-BP 10 5 1 1 1 1
MIKO-MERCIER-HUTCHINSON 10 9 2 2 0 0
PEUGEOT-ESSO-MICHELIN 10 8 2 1 1 1
KAS-CAMPAGNOLO 10 5 1 0 0 0
FRISOL-GAZELLE-THIRION 10 5 0 0 0 0
GITANE-CAMPAGNOLO 10 7 1 1 0 0
TEKA 10 4 0 0 0 0
FIAT 10 3 1 1 0 0
TI-RALEIGH 10 6 2 1 1 0
BIANCHI-CAMPAGNOLO 10 2 0 0 0 0
Total 100 54 10 7 3 2
Pourcentage 54% 70% 67%

Pinned: Number of riders who violated the anti-doping rules.
Included in this category: riders who have been tested positive (including refuse to submit to doping control or hematocrit> 50%), having acknowledged having doped, having been sanctioned (by the justice, their federation or their team).
Not included (for example) : those whose sample B was negative.
Top 10: number of riders present in the top 10 of the final general classification.
Podium: number of riders present in the first 3 of the final general classification.

Other data :


The official ranking

Ranking source : http://www.memoire-du-cyclisme.net (31/01/2008)

  1. Thevenet Bernard in 115h38'30'' Red card 1976 : 2 positive controls (sanction not known) ; 1977 : positive control ; 197x : confessions in 1978 (no penalty)
  2. Kuiper Hennie at 0h00'48''
  3. Van Impe Lucien at 0h03'32'' Red card 1981 : absence to control
  4. Galdos Gauna Francisco at 0h07'45''
  5. Thurau Dietrich at 0h12'24'' Red card 1980 : absence to control ; 1980 : positive control ; 1980 : positive control and fraud (no penalty) ; 1980 : positive control (sanction not known) ; 1986 : in the act ; 1987 : positive control ; 198x : confessions in 1988 (no penalty)
  6. Merckx Eddy at 0h12'38'' Red card 1969 : positive control ; 1973 : positive control ; 1977 : positive control ; 197x : confessions in 1988 (sanction not known) ; 197x : fraud & confessions (sanction not known)
  7. Laurent Michel at 0h17'42''
  8. Zoetemelk Joop at 0h19'22'' Red card 1976 : confessions in 1977 (no penalty) ; 1977 : positive control ; 1978 : confessions in 1979 (no penalty) ; 1979 : positive control ; 1983 : positive control
  9. Delisle Raymond at 0h21'32'' Red card 1968 : positive control ; 1974 : positive control ; 197x : confessions in 1977 (no penalty)
  10. Meslet Alain at 0h27'31'' Red card 1978 : positive control (no penalty) ; 198x : confessions in 1981 (no penalty) ; 199x : confessions in 2001 (poitier trial)
  11. Martin Raymond at 0h28'35'' Red card 1982 : positive control
  12. Pronk Hubert at 0h30'06''
  13. Agostinho Joaquim at 0h33'13'' Red card 1969 : positive control ; 1972 : positive control ; 1973 : positive control ; 1977 : positive control
  14. Aja Gonzalo at 0h36'11''
  15. Villemiane Pierre-raymond at 0h36'42'' Red card 1989 : positive control
  16. Martins José at 0h38'53'' Yellow card 1979 : positive control (sanction not known)
  17. Janssens Edward at 0h46'13''
  18. Martinez Heredia Enrique at 0h47'30''
  19. Torres Pedro at 0h47'39''
  20. Vallet Bernard at 0h48'41'' Red card 1982 : absence to control
  21. Julien Ferdinand at 0h49'32''
  22. Seznec Christian at 0h51'39'' Red card 1988 : positive control
  23. Lopez Carril Vicente at 0h52'46''
  24. Ovion Régis at 0h54'55'' Red card 1976 : positive control
  25. Ocana Luis at 1h02'09'' Red card 1977 : positive control
  26. Lubberding Henk at 1h02'13''
  27. Mendes Fernando at 1h02'36'' Red card 1977 : positive control ; 1980 : absence to control
  28. Esclassan Jacques at 1h02'54'' Yellow card 1978 : contrôle positif et aveux en 1978 (no penalty)
  29. De Schoenmaecker Joseph at 1h08'11''
  30. Wellens Paul at 1h08'12'' Yellow card 1985 : absence to control (sanction not known)
  31. Knetemann Gerrie at 1h11'23'' Yellow card 1974 : positive control (no penalty) ; 1977 : positive control (no penalty)
  32. Cima José-enrique at 1h15'30'' Yellow card 1979 : positive control (sanction not known) ; 1982 : positive control (sanction not known)
  33. Berland Roland at 1h15'41''
  34. Bourreau Bernard at 1h23'07'' Red card 1976 : fraud (sanction not known) ; 1976 : fraud
  35. Danguillaume Jean-pierre at 1h25'37'' Red card 1974 : positive control ; 197x : confessions in 1978 (no penalty)
  36. Plet Eugene at 1h25'50''
  37. Legeay Roger at 1h33'11'' Red card 1974 : positive control
  38. Cavalcanti Giovanni at 1h33'57'' Red card 1967 : positive control
  39. Santambrogio Giacinto at 1h35'24''
  40. Sibille Guy at 1h36'43'' Red card 1976 : positive control ; 1977 : absence to control
  41. Hoban Barry at 1h39'30'' Yellow card 1973 : positive control (sanction not known)
  42. Chalmel André at 1h44'06''
  43. Le Denmat Michel at 1h44'46''
  44. Gandarias Andres at 1h49'48''
  45. Menendez Antonio at 1h50'38'' Red card 1977 : positive control ; 1979 : positive control (sanction not known)
  46. De Cauwer Jose at 1h56'01'' Yellow card 2000 : confessions in 2005 (no penalty)
  47. Balague Luis at 2h01'58''
  48. Huysmans Jozef at 2h06'49''
  49. Singer Wilheim at 2h08'06''
  50. Bouloux Robert at 2h12'55''
  51. Bal Cees at 2h22'18'' Red card 1976 : positive control
  52. Karstens Gerben at 2h23'47'' Red card 1969 : positive control ; 1974 : absence to control ; 1974 : fraud
  53. Loysch Roger at 2h24'08'' Red card 1974 : positive control

Red card reports a rider who was sanctioned in a doping case
Yellow card reports a rider pinned in our doping directory but who has not been sanctioned or whose we are not aware of the possible sanction


The alternative ranking

The ranking as it would be if we excluded all racers "pinned" in doping cases during their career.

  1. Kuiper Hennie
  2. Galdos Francisco
  3. Laurent Michel
  4. Pronk Hubert
  5. Aja Gonzalo
  6. Janssens Edward
  7. Martinez Heredia Enrique
  8. Torres Pedro
  9. Julien Ferdinand
  10. Lopez-carril Vicente
  11. Lubberding Henk
  12. De Schoenmaecker Joseph
  13. Berland Roland
  14. Plet Eugène
  15. Santambrogio Giacinto
  16. Chalmel André
  17. Le Denmat Michel
  18. Gandarias Andres
  19. Balague Luis
  20. Huysmans Jozef
  21. Singer Wilheim
  22. Bouloux Robert


List of doping cases during the race

Rider Product Race Year Sanction Control
Agostinho Joachim Pémoline Tour de France 1977 Oui Contrôle positif
Melero Carlos Pipéridine Tour de France 1977 Oui Contrôle positif
Mendes Fernando Pémoline Tour de France 1977 Oui Contrôle positif
Menendez Antonio Tour de France 1977 Oui Contrôle positif
Ocana Luis Pemoline Tour de France 1977 Oui Contrôle positif
Pozo Sebastian Pémoline Tour de France 1977 Oui Contrôle positif
Pozo Sebastian Tour de France 1977 Oui Constat de carence
Zoetemelk Joop Pémoline Tour de France 1977 Oui Contrôle positif


The list of participants

The list of participants by team

LEJEUNE-BP

18 years of existence, 19 cases, ie 1,06 per year

1. Van Impe Lucien Red card 1981 : absence to control
2. Bazzo Pierre Red card 1983 : positive control
3. Bracke Ferdinand Yellow card 1972 : positive control (sanction not known)
4. Dillen René
5. Gutierez Antoine Red card 1978 : fraud ; 1979 : positive control
6. Julien Ferdinand
7. Le Denmat Michel
8. Legeay Roger Red card 1974 : positive control
9. Plet Eugene
10. Schuiten Roy

MIKO-MERCIER-HUTCHINSON

45 years of existence, 32 cases, ie 0,71 per year

11. Zoetemelk Joop Red card 1976 : confessions in 1977 (no penalty) ; 1977 : positive control ; 1978 : confessions in 1979 (no penalty) ; 1979 : positive control ; 1983 : positive control
12. Bertin Yvon
13. Delisle Raymond Red card 1968 : positive control ; 1974 : positive control ; 197x : confessions in 1977 (no penalty)
14. Hoban Barry Yellow card 1973 : positive control (sanction not known)
15. Le Guilloux Maurice Red card 1973 : positive control
16. Martin Raymond Red card 1982 : positive control
17. Perret Patrick Yellow card 1982 : absence to control (sanction not known)
18. Rouxel Charles Yellow card 1975 : absence to control (sanction not known)
19. Seznec Christian Red card 1988 : positive control
20. Vallet Bernard Red card 1982 : absence to control

PEUGEOT-ESSO-MICHELIN

67 years of existence, 75 cases, ie 1,12 per year

21. Thevenet Bernard Red card 1976 : 2 positive controls (sanction not known) ; 1977 : positive control ; 197x : confessions in 1978 (no penalty)
22. Béon Patrick Red card 1975 : confessions in 2008 (no penalty) ; 1976 : confessions in 2002 (no penalty) ; 199x : judicial investigation
23. Bourreau Bernard Red card 1976 : fraud (sanction not known) ; 1976 : fraud
24. Danguillaume Jean-pierre Red card 1974 : positive control ; 197x : confessions in 1978 (no penalty)
25. Delépine Régis Red card 1975 : positive control
26. Esclassan Jacques Yellow card 1978 : contrôle positif et aveux en 1978 (no penalty)
27. Laurent Michel
28. Ovion Régis Red card 1976 : positive control
29. Sibille Guy Red card 1976 : positive control ; 1977 : absence to control
30. Talbourdet Georges

KAS-CAMPAGNOLO

22 years of existence, 10 cases, ie 0,45 per year

31. Galdos Gauna Francisco
32. Andiano Julian
33. Cima José-enrique Yellow card 1979 : positive control (sanction not known) ; 1982 : positive control (sanction not known)
34. Lopez Carril Vicente
35. Martinez Heredia Enrique
36. Martins José Yellow card 1979 : positive control (sanction not known)
37. Menendez Antonio Red card 1977 : positive control ; 1979 : positive control (sanction not known)
38. Nazabal José Red card 1978 : positive control ; 1979 : positive control (sanction not known)
39. Pesarrodona José
40. Pozo Sebastian Red card 1977 : absence to control ; 1977 : positive control ; 1979 : positive control (sanction not known)

FRISOL-GAZELLE-THIRION

6 years of existence, 2 cases, ie 0,33 per year

41. Ocana Luis Red card 1977 : positive control
42. Den Hertog Fedor
43. Loysch Roger Red card 1974 : positive control
44. Raas Jan
45. Romero André Red card 1975 : positive control
46. Rosiers Roger Yellow card 1972 : positive control (sanction not known)
47. Schepmans Benny
48. Smit Theo
49. Wellens Paul Yellow card 1985 : absence to control (sanction not known)
50. Wesemael Wilfried

GITANE-CAMPAGNOLO

24 years of existence, 22 cases, ie 0,92 per year

51. Meslet Alain Red card 1978 : positive control (no penalty) ; 198x : confessions in 1981 (no penalty) ; 199x : confessions in 2001 (poitier trial)
52. Bossis Jacques Red card 1983 : positive control
53. Berland Roland
54. Chalmel André
55. Chassang Jean Red card 1989 : positive control
56. Mintkiewicz Robert Yellow card 1979 : positive control (sanction not known)
57. Moneyron Gérard Yellow card 197x : confessions in 1977 (sanction not known)
58. Quilfen Bernard
59. Teirlinck Willy Red card 1977 : positive control
60. Villemiane Pierre-raymond Red card 1989 : positive control

TEKA

15 years of existence, 18 cases, ie 1,2 per year

61. Torres Pedro
62. Aja Gonzalo
63. Agostinho Joaquim Red card 1969 : positive control ; 1972 : positive control ; 1973 : positive control ; 1977 : positive control
64. Alfonsel Bernardo
65. Balague Luis
66. Esparza Manuel Red card 1979 : positive control
67. Gandarias Andres
68. Melero Carlos Red card 1974 : positive control ; 1977 : positive control
69. Mendes Fernando Red card 1977 : positive control ; 1980 : absence to control
70. Thaler Klaus-peter

FIAT

1 year of existence, 2 cases, ie 2 per year

71. Merckx Eddy Red card 1969 : positive control ; 1973 : positive control ; 1977 : positive control ; 197x : confessions in 1988 (sanction not known) ; 197x : fraud & confessions (sanction not known)
72. Bal Cees Red card 1976 : positive control
73. Bouloux Robert
74. Bruyère Joseph Red card 1974 : positive control ; 197x : confessions in 1988 (no penalty)
75. Delcroix Ludo
76. De Schoenmaecker Joseph
77. Huysmans Jozef
78. Janssens Edward
79. Molineris Jean-luc
80. Sercu Patrick

TI-RALEIGH

20 years of existence, 9 cases, ie 0,45 per year

81. Kuiper Hennie
82. De Cauwer Jose Yellow card 2000 : confessions in 2005 (no penalty)
83. Karstens Gerben Red card 1969 : positive control ; 1974 : absence to control ; 1974 : fraud
84. Knetemann Gerrie Yellow card 1974 : positive control (no penalty) ; 1977 : positive control (no penalty)
85. Lubberding Henk
86. Nickson Bill
87. Pronk Hubert
88. Thurau Dietrich Red card 1980 : absence to control ; 1980 : positive control ; 1980 : positive control and fraud (no penalty) ; 1980 : positive control (sanction not known) ; 1986 : in the act ; 1987 : positive control ; 198x : confessions in 1988 (no penalty)
89. Van Den Hoek Aad Red card 1972 : positive control
90. Van Katwijk Piet Yellow card 1972 : positive control (sanction not known)

BIANCHI-CAMPAGNOLO

17 years of existence, 3 cases, ie 0,18 per year

91. Van Linden Rik
92. Castelletti Luigi
93. Cavalcanti Giovanni Red card 1967 : positive control
94. In't Ven Willy Red card 1970 : positive control
95. Parsani Sergio
96. Rossi Tullio
97. Santambrogio Giacinto
98. Santoni Glauco
99. Singer Wilheim
100. Van Linden Alex

Red card reports a rider who was sanctioned in a doping case
Yellow card reports a rider pinned in our doping directory but who has not been sanctioned or whose we are not aware of the possible sanction


See also