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Tour de France 1997 : the real numbers of doping |
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The table below establishes, team by team, the count of the riders who have been or will be subsequently "pinned" in doping cases.
Teams | Riders | Pinned | Top 10 | Pinned | Podium | Pinned |
TEAM DEUTSCHE TELEKOM | 9 | 9 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
FESTINA Watches | 9 | 8 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
MAPEI-GB | 9 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
ONCE | 9 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
MG.TECHNOGYM | 9 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Team POLTI | 9 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
COFIDIS | 9 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
LA FRANCAISE DES JEUX | 9 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
ROSLOTTO-ZG MOBILI | 9 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
GAN | 9 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
TVM | 9 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
SAECO-ESTRO | 9 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
RABOBANK | 9 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
CASINO C'est votre équipe | 9 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
BATIK-DEL MONTE | 9 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
BANESTO | 9 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
LOTTO-MOBISTAR-ISOGLASS | 8 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
KELME-COSTA BLANCA-EUROSPORT | 9 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
MERCATONE-UNO | 9 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
U.S POSTAL SERVICE | 9 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
LA MUTUELLE DE SEINE ET MARNE | 9 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
BIG.MAT-AUBER 93 | 9 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Total | 197 | 104 | 10 | 9 | 3 | 3 |
Pourcentage | 53% | 90% | 100% |
Pinned: Number of riders who violated the anti-doping rules.
Included in this category: riders who have been tested positive (including refuse to submit to doping control or hematocrit> 50%), having acknowledged having doped, having been sanctioned (by the justice, their federation or their team).
Not included (for example) : those whose sample B was negative.
Top 10: number of riders present in the top 10 of the final general classification.
Podium: number of riders present in the first 3 of the final general classification.
Other data :
Ranking source : http://www.memoire-du-cyclisme.net (31/01/2008)
The ranking as it would be if we excluded all racers "pinned" in doping cases during their career.
The list of participants by team
23 years of existence, 40 cases, ie 1,74 per year
1. Riis Bjarne - 198x : confessions in 2010 (no penalty) ; 1993 : confessions in 2007 ; 1995 : police investigation (no penalty)
2. Aldag Rolf - 1995 : confessions in 2007 (no penalty)
3. Bolts Udo - 1995 : confessions in 2007 (sanction not known)
4. Henn Christian - 1995 : confessions in 2007 (sanction not known) ; 1999 : positive control
5. Heppner Jens - 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
6. Lombardi Giovanni - 2001 : police investigation (sanction not known)
7. Totschnig Georg - 2005 : judicial investigation (sanction not known)
8. Ullrich Jan - 1997 : confessions in 2013 (no penalty) ; 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty) ; 2001 : police investigation (no penalty) ; 2002 : positive control ; 2005 : judicial investigation
9. Zabel Erik - 1994 : positive control (no penalty) ; 1996 : confessions in 2007 and 2013 ; 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
12 years of existence, 31 cases, ie 2,58 per year
11. Virenque Richard - 1994 : confessions in 2000 ; 1998 : blood test, urine, hair (sanction not known) ; 1999 : blood test (sanction not known) ; 1999 : confessions in 1999 (sanction not known)
12. Bortolami Gianluca - 1998 : confessions (sanction not known) ; 1999 : judicial search (sanction not known) ; 2000 : blood test (sanction not known) ; 2003 : positive control
13. Brochard Laurent - 1991 : positive control (no penalty) ; 1997 : confessions in 2000 (no penalty) ; 1998 : confessions in 1998 ; 1998 : positive control
14. Dufaux Laurent - 1998 : blood test, urine, hair, confessions in 1998
15. Hervé Pascal - 1998 : blood test, urine, hair ; 1998 : confessions in 2000 (sanction not known) ; 2001 : positive control
16. Laukka Joona
17. Moreau Christophe - 1996 : confessions in 1998 ; 1998 : positive control ; 1998 : blood test, urine, hair, confessions (no penalty) ; 2008 : medical control
18. Rous Didier - 1998 : analyses sang, urine, cheveux et aveux en 1998
19. Stephens Neil - 1998 : analyses sang, urine, cheveux, aveux en 1998 (sanction not known)
31 years of existence, 26 cases, ie 0,84 per year
21. Museeuw Johan - 2003 : judicial investigation ; 200x : confessions in 2007 (sanction not known)
22. Camenzind Oscar - 2004 : positive control
23. Fois Valentino - 1997 : positive control ; 1998 : positive control ; 2002 : positive control
24. Jaskula Zenon - 1993 : confessions in 2007 (no penalty)
25. Nardello Daniele - 1999 : positive control (no penalty)
26. Peeters Wilfried
27. Steels Tom - 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty) ; 1999 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
28. Tafi Andrea - 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
29. Vandenbroucke Franck - 1996 : judicial investigation (no penalty) ; 1999 : blood test and confessions in 2008 ; 2002 : in the act ; 2008 : police investigation
18 years of existence, 19 cases, ie 1,06 per year
31. Jalabert Laurent - 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
32. Cuesta Lopez De Castro Inigo
33. Etxebarria David - 2004 : positive control
34. Garcia Alonso Marcelino
35. Garmendia Aitor - 1998 : blood test
36. Mauleon Javier
37. Sierra Roberto
38. Zarrabeitia Mikel
39. Zülle Alex - 1993 : positive control (no penalty) ; 1994 : positive control (no penalty) ; 1998 : blood test, urine, hair ; 1998 : confessions in 1998 (sanction not known)
41. Bartoli Michele - 2006 : police investigation (no penalty)
42. Baldato Fabio
43. Finco Carlo
44. Fontanelli Fabiano - 1996 : positive control ; 2001 : blood test
45. Lecchi Angelo
46. Loda Nicola - 1999 : positive control (no penalty)
47. Scinto Luca
48. Simoni Gilberto - 1998 : blood test ; 2002 : positive control (no penalty) ; 2002 : positive control (no penalty)
49. Tosatto Mauro Matteo
18 years of existence, 8 cases, ie 0,44 per year
51. Leblanc Luc - 1994 : confessions in 2000 (no penalty) ; 1998 : confessions (no penalty)
52. Brasi Rossano - 2000 : blood test
53. Chaurreau Inigo
54. Crepaldi Mirko - 2018 : police investigation (sanction not known)
55. De Vries Gerrit
56. Gualdi Mirko
57. Guerini Giuseppe
58. Ouchakov Sergueï - 1998 : judicial investigation (no penalty)
59. Valoti Gianluca
28 years of existence, 21 cases, ie 0,75 per year
61. Rominger Tony - 1994 : positive control (no penalty)
62. Andreu Frankie - 1995 : confessions in 2006 (no penalty)
63. Desbiens Laurent - 1996 : positive control ; 1996 : positive control ; 1996 : positive control ; 1996 : positive control ; 1998 : confessions (sanction not known) ; 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
64. Gaumont Philippe - 1996 : positive control ; 1996 : positive control ; 1996 : positive control ; 1998 : positive control (2 times) (no penalty) ; 1999 : blood test ; 2004 : confessions
65. Jalabert Nicolas
66. Julich Bobby - 1996 : confessions in 2012 ; 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
67. Livingston Kevin - 1999 : judicial investigation (no penalty) ; 1997 : positive control (no penalty) ; 1999 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
68. Rinero Christophe
69. Saugrain Cyril
27 years of existence, 13 cases, ie 0,48 per year
71. Gianetti Mauro - 1998 : judicial investigation (no penalty)
72. Guesdon Frédéric
73. Heulot Stéphane - 1999 : police investigation (no penalty)
74. Mengin Christophe
75. Nazon Damien
76. Peron Andrea - 2001 : in the act (no penalty) ; 2004 : in the act (no penalty) ; 2011 : positive control (sanction not known)
77. Rebellin Davide - 2008 : positive control
78. Sciandri Maximilian - 2001 : police investigation (sanction not known)
79. Vanzella Flavio - 1986 : positive control
9 years of existence, 10 cases, ie 1,11 per year
81. Gontchenkov Alexandre
82. Djavanian Viatcheslav
83. Fincato Marco
84. Kokorine Vitaly
85. Padrnos Pavel - 2001 : in the act (sanction not known)
86. Schmidt Torsten
87. Sgnaolin Daniele
88. Strazzer Massimo - 2001 : positive control (no penalty)
89. Zen Marco
67 years of existence, 75 cases, ie 1,12 per year
91. Boardman Chris
92. Moncassin Frédéric - 199x : confessions in 2000 (no penalty) ; 1998 : senate inquiry and confessions in 2013 (no penalty)
93. O'grady Stuart - 1998 : senate inquiry and confessions in 2013 (no penalty)
94. Poli Eros - 1986 : positive control
95. Pretot Arnaud
96. Rue Gérard
97. Simon François
98. Vasseur Cédric
99. Vogels Henk (aus)
101. Den Bakker Maarten
102. Blijlevens Jeroen - 1998 : judicial investigation (no penalty) ; 1998 : senate inquiry and confessions in 2013 (no penalty) ; 2001 : police investigation (sanction not known)
103. Hamburger Bo - 1993 : positive control (no penalty) ; 1995 : confessions in 2007 (no penalty) ; 1998 : confessions in 1998 (sanction not known) ; 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty) ; 1999 : positive control (no penalty) ; 1999 : laboratory inquiry (no penalty) ; 2001 : positive control ; 2003 : positive control
104. Hoffman Tristan
105. Knaven Servais - 1998 : judicial investigation (no penalty)
106. Roux Laurent - 1998 : judicial investigation (no penalty) ; 1999 : blood test ; 2001 : confessions in 2013 (no penalty) ; 2002 : unannounced positive control ; 2005 : in the act
107. Skibby Jesper - 1990 : confessions in 2006 (no penalty) ; 1991 : confessions in 2006 (no penalty) ; 1992 : confessions in 2006 (no penalty)
108. Van Petegem Peter - 1998 : judicial investigation (no penalty)
109. Voskamp Bertus - 1998 : judicial investigation and confessions (no penalty)
15 years of existence, 20 cases, ie 1,33 per year
111. Gotti Ivan - 1998 : blood test (sanction not known) ; 2001 : in the act
112. Buschor Philipp
113. Casagrande Francesco - 1998 : positive control ; 1998 : positive control ; 2004 : positive control
114. Cipollini Mario - 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
115. Fagnini Gianmatteo
116. Fornaciari Paolo
117. Frigo Dario - 1996 : confessions in 2001 (sanction not known) ; 2001 : confessions in 2001 ; 2005 : judicial investigation and confessions
118. Furlan Giorgio - 1999 : police investigation (sanction not known) ; 2000 : blood test (sanction not known)
119. Lelli Massimiliano
40 years of existence, 24 cases, ie 0,6 per year
121. Luttenberger Peter
122. Boogerd Michael - 2005 : confessions in 2013
123. Breukink Erik
124. Dekker Erik - 1999 : positive control
125. Jonker Patrick
126. Mcewen Robbie
127. Nelissen Danny - 1996 : confessions in 2013 (no penalty)
128. Sorensen Rolf - 199x : confessions in 2013 (no penalty) ; 1993 : judicial investigation (no penalty)
129. Van Bon Leon
131. Elli Alberto - 2001 : in the act
132. Agnolutto Christophe
133. Aus Lauri
134. Chanteur Pascal - 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
135. Gougot Fabrice
136. Jaermann Rolf - 1994 : confessions in 1999 (no penalty)
137. Kasputis Arturas
138. Kirsipuu Jan - 1993 : positive control (sanction not known)
139. Saligari Marco
5 years of existence, 13 cases, ie 2,6 per year
141. Berzin Evgueni - 1997 : absence to control (no penalty) ; 2000 : blood test
142. Brognara Andrea
143. Cenghialta Bruno - 199x : judicial investigation (sanction not known)
144. Colombo Luca - 1997 : blood test ; 1997 : absence to control (no penalty) ; 199x : blood test (no penalty)
145. Frattini Francesco
146. Minali Nicola - 1997 : absence to control (no penalty) ; 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
147. Odriozola Mugarza Jon - 1997 : absence to control (no penalty) ; 2001 : police investigation (sanction not known)
148. Pierobon Gianluca - 1997 : absence to control (no penalty)
149. Tartaggia Giuseppe - 1997 : absence to control (no penalty)
44 years of existence, 29 cases, ie 0,66 per year
151. Olano Abraham - 1994 : positive control ; 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
152. Alonso Marino
153. Arrieta Lujambio José Luis - 2001 : police investigation (sanction not known)
154. Beltran Manuel - 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty) ; 1999 : positive control (no penalty) ; 1999 : laboratory inquiry (no penalty) ; 2008 : positive control
155. Blanco Gil Santiago
156. Casero Angel - 1996 : positive control (no penalty)
157. Garcia Acosta Jose-vicente
158. Jimenez José-maria - 199x : dead in 2003 ; 1993 : positive control (sanction not known)
159. Rodrigues Gomes Orlando Sergio
40 years of existence, 15 cases, ie 0,38 per year
161. Madouas Laurent - 1994 : positive control
163. Farazijn Peter - 199x : judicial investigation (no penalty)
164. Planckaert Jo - 2004 : judicial investigation
165. Salmon Benoit
166. Tchmil Andrei
167. Teteriouk Andrei
168. Van Hyfte Paul
169. Wauters Marc
171. Escartin Fernando
172. Benitez Esbri Francisco
173. Buenahora Hernan - 2006 : positive control ; 2008 : positive control
174. Cabello Francisco - 1994 : positive control (5 times)
175. De Los Angeles Juan-josé
176. Gonzales Arsenio
177. Gonzalez-pico José-jaime - 2001 : in the act
178. Pascual Rodriguez Javier - 2003 : positive control
179. Vidal Jose-angel
181. Pantani Marco - 1993 : medical control (sanction not known) ; 1995 : medical control + poursuites judiciaires ; 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty) ; 1999 : blood test ; 2001 : in the act
182. Artunghi Marco
183. Conti Roberto - 2002 : in the act
184. Pellicioli Oscar
185. Piovacchari Giusvan
186. Podenzana Massimo - 1986 : positive control
187. Siboni Marcello - 2001 : in the act
188. Traversoni Mario
189. Zberg Beat
17 years of existence, 20 cases, ie 1,18 per year
191. Ekimov Viatcheslav
192. Baffi Adriano
193. Baranowski Dariusz
194. Deramé Pascal
195. Hamilton Tyler - 1997 : confessions in 2012 (sanction not known) ; 2001 : confessions in 2015 (no penalty) ; 2004 : positive control, confessions in 2011 (no penalty) ; 2004 : positive control ; 2009 : positive control and confessions in 2009
196. Hincapie George - 1996 : confessions in 2012
197. Jemison Marty - 199x : confessions in 2012 (no penalty)
198. Meinert-nielsen Peter - 1993 : positive control
199. Robin Jean-cyril - 199x : confessions in 2004 (sanction not known)
201. Dojwa Jean-philippe
202. Anti Jean-françois
203. Cueff Stéphane
204. Delrieu David
205. Fraser Gordon
206. Lamour Claude - 1993 : positive control
207. Maignan Gilles
208. Pillon Laurent
209. Rault Dominique
31 years of existence, 7 cases, ie 0,23 per year
211. Lino Pascal - 1993 : positive control ; 1996 : judicial investigation and confessions (no penalty) ; 1999 : confessions in 1999
212. Arroyo Miguel
213. Auger Ludovic
214. Bourguignon Thierry
215. Genty Laurent
216. Gouvenou Thierry
217. Lance Pascal
218. Morin Anthony
219. Talmant Gilles