Tour de France 1991 : the real numbers of doping

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Last update 01/11/2023 - cyclisme-dopage.com

Statistics

The table below establishes, team by team, the count of the riders who have been or will be subsequently "pinned" in doping cases.

Teams Riders Pinned Top 10 Pinned Podium Pinned
Z 9 3 1 0 0 0
CARRERA-JEANS 9 5 1 1 1 1
PDM-CONCORDE 9 2 0 0 0 0
BANESTO 9 2 2 2 1 1
ONCE 9 3 0 0 0 0
GATORADE-CHATEAU D'AX 9 3 1 1 1 1
LOTTO-SUPERCLUB-MBK 9 3 0 0 0 0
MOTOROLA 9 3 1 0 0 0
AMAYA SEGUROS 9 2 0 0 0 0
CASTORAMA 9 4 2 2 0 0
HELVETIA 9 2 1 0 0 0
RYALCO-POSTOBON 9 3 0 0 0 0
ARIOSTEA 9 4 0 0 0 0
RMO-MAVIC-LIBERIA 9 6 1 1 0 0
TVM-SANYO 9 2 0 0 0 0
PANASONIC-SPORTLIFE 9 4 0 0 0 0
WEINMANN-EDDY MERCKX 9 2 0 0 0 0
HISTOR-SIGMA 9 5 0 0 0 0
TOSHIBA 9 1 0 0 0 0
BUCKLER 9 1 0 0 0 0
TONTON TAPIS-CORONA 9 2 0 0 0 0
CLAS-CAJASTUR 9 2 0 0 0 0
Total 198 64 10 7 3 3
Pourcentage 32% 70% 100%

Pinned: Number of riders who violated the anti-doping rules.
Included in this category: riders who have been tested positive (including refuse to submit to doping control or hematocrit> 50%), having acknowledged having doped, having been sanctioned (by the justice, their federation or their team).
Not included (for example) : those whose sample B was negative.
Top 10: number of riders present in the top 10 of the final general classification.
Podium: number of riders present in the first 3 of the final general classification.

Other data :


The official ranking

Ranking source : http://www.memoire-du-cyclisme.net (31/01/2008)

  1. Indurain Miguel in 101h01'20'' Yellow card 1994 : positive control (no penalty)
  2. Bugno Gianni at 0h03'36'' Red card 1994 : positive control ; 1997 : judicial investigation (no penalty) ; 1999 : in the act
  3. Chiappucci Claudio at 0h05'56'' Red card 1993 : police investigation ; 1997 : blood test ; 1997 : blood test
  4. Mottet Charly at 0h07'37'' Yellow card 198x : confessions in 1989 (no penalty)
  5. Leblanc Luc at 0h10'10'' Yellow card 1994 : confessions in 2000 (no penalty) ; 1998 : confessions (no penalty)
  6. Fignon Laurent at 0h11'27'' Red card 1984 : confessions in 2009 (no penalty) ; 1987 : positive control ; 1987 : confessions in 2009 (no penalty) ; 1989 : positive control ; 198x : confessions in 2009 (no penalty)
  7. Lemond Greg at 0h13'13''
  8. Hampsten Andrew at 0h13'40''
  9. Delgado Pedro at 0h20'10'' Yellow card 1988 : positive control (no penalty)
  10. Rue Gérard at 0h20'13''
  11. Chozas Eduardo at 0h21'00''
  12. Rondon Vasquez Abelardo at 0h26'47''
  13. Theunisse Gert-jan at 0h27'10'' Red card 1988 : positive control ; 1988 : journalistic investigation (no penalty) ; 1989 : positive control ; 1990 : positive control
  14. Bernard Jean-françois at 0h28'57''
  15. Fondriest Maurizio at 0h30'09''
  16. Roux Denis at 0h30'40''
  17. Caritoux Eric at 0h32'39'' Yellow card 1986 : police control (no penalty)
  18. Camargo Alberto at 0h32'54''
  19. Mejia Alvaro at 0h33'52'' Red card 1987 : positive control
  20. Vichot Frédéric at 0h36'43''
  21. Delion Gilles at 0h38'43''
  22. Murguialday Javier at 0h39'11''
  23. Simon Jérôme at 0h39'14''
  24. Philipot Fabrice at 0h41'56''
  25. Bourguignon Thierry at 0h42'32''
  26. Rooks Steven at 0h44'49'' Yellow card 1988 : journalistic investigation (no penalty) ; 1989 : confessions in 1998 & 2009 (no penalty)
  27. Claveyrolat Thierry Yellow card 1986 : police control (no penalty)
  28. Esnault Patrice at 0h46'14''
  29. Conti Roberto at 0h46'41'' Red card 2002 : in the act
  30. Giovannetti Marco at 0h47'06''
  31. Herrera Luis at 0h47'58''
  32. Ampler Uwe at 0h49'11'' Red card 1993 : confessions in 1994 (no penalty) ; 1999 : positive control ; 1999 : confessions in 1999 (no penalty)
  33. Ruiz Cabestany Pello at 0h53'21''
  34. De Vries Gerrit at 0h54'47''
  35. Bruyneel Johan at 0h57'28'' Red card 199x : judicial investigation
  36. Bagot Jean-claude at 0h58'40''
  37. Fuerte Abelenda Anselmo at 0h59'20''
  38. Boyer Eric at 0h59'51'' Yellow card 198x : confessions in 2005 (no penalty)
  39. Leanizbarrutia Alberto at 1h03'09''
  40. Giannelli Alessandro at 1h03'52''
  41. Pensec Ronan at 1h06'04''
  42. Ekimov Viatcheslav at 1h06'17''
  43. Cardenas Ordus Henry at 1h07'23''
  44. Louviot Philippe at 1h07'31''
  45. Anderson Phil at 1h08'13'' Red card 1983 : positive control
  46. Moncada Guiza Gerardo at 1h08'45''
  47. Ribeiro Mauro at 1h09'45''
  48. De Jesus Vargas Oscar at 1h11'04'' Red card 1992 : positive control
  49. Richard Pascal at 1h11'16''
  50. Virvaleix Didier at 1h12'05''
  51. Pillon Laurent at 1h12'27''
  52. Konyshev Dimitri at 1h16'56''
  53. Lejarreta Marino at 1h18'08'' Red card 1985 : positive control
  54. Cornillet Bruno at 1h18'59''
  55. Mauleon Francisco at 1h20'28''
  56. Cenghialta Bruno at 1h20'42'' Yellow card 199x : judicial investigation (sanction not known)
  57. Simon Pascal at 1h22'17'' Red card 1983 : positive control
  58. Montoya Reynel at 1h23'15'' Yellow card 1991 : positive control (sanction not known)
  59. Argentin Moreno at 1h23'21''
  60. Duclos-lassalle Gilbert at 1h26'57'' Yellow card 1989 : absence to control (no penalty)
  61. Gaston Crespi Inaki at 1h28'43''
  62. Nulens Guy at 1h29'10''
  63. Krieger Dominik at 1h29'21''
  64. Mauri Melchior at 1h29'25''
  65. Kappes Andreas at 1h29'38'' Red card 1997 : positive control ; 2000 : positive control (no penalty)
  66. Espinosa Sampere Francisco at 1h30'55''
  67. Hodge Stephen at 1h32'52'' Red card 1991 : confessions in 2012
  68. Arnould Dominique at 1h33'20''
  69. Winterberg Guido at 1h34'35''
  70. Lino Pascal at 1h34'38'' Red card 1993 : positive control ; 1996 : judicial investigation and confessions (no penalty) ; 1999 : confessions in 1999
  71. Jalabert Laurent at 1h36'05'' Yellow card 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
  72. Millar Robert at 1h36'06'' Red card 1992 : positive control ; 199x : confessions (no penalty)
  73. Lurvik Olaf at 1h39'31''
  74. Montoya Alarcon Jesus at 1h41'21''
  75. Diaz Zabala Herminio at 1h42'13''
  76. Martinez Torres Miguel-angel at 1h42'14''
  77. Arnaud Dominique at 1h42'32''
  78. Van Orsouw Marc at 1h43'45'' Yellow card 1988 : journalistic investigation (no penalty)
  79. Golz Rolf at 1h43'47''
  80. Colotti Jean-claude at 1h44'54''
  81. Sergeant Marc at 1h44'59'' Red card 1983 : positive control ; 1985 : positive control
  82. Jacobs Patrick at 1h45'55''
  83. Jaermann Rolf at 1h46'45'' Yellow card 1994 : confessions in 1999 (no penalty)
  84. Van Lancker Eric at 1h47'47''
  85. Abdoujaparov Djamolidine at 1h49'05'' Red card 1989 : positive control ; 1997 : positive control ; 1997 : positive control ; 1997 : positive control ; 1997 : positive control ; 1997 : positive control ; 1997 : positive control
  86. Zdhanov Dimitri at 1h49'32''
  87. Casado Philippe
  88. Poulnikov Vladimir at 1h50'50'' Red card 1997 : positive control
  89. Tebaldi Valerio at 1h53'01''
  90. Van Den Abbeele Frank at 1h53'27''
  91. Elli Alberto at 1h55'35'' Red card 2001 : in the act
  92. Lavainne Christophe at 1h56'16''
  93. Zaina Enrico at 1h57'38''
  94. Stevenhaagen Peter at 1h58'03'' Yellow card 1988 : confessions (no penalty)
  95. Peeters Wilfried at 1h58'52''
  96. Bontempi Guido at 2h00'29'' Red card 1987 : positive control ; 1993 : police investigation
  97. Bauer Steve at 2h00'57''
  98. Gianetti Mauro at 2h02'03'' Yellow card 1998 : judicial investigation (no penalty)
  99. Lance Pascal at 2h03'35''
  100. Rodriguez Magro Jesus at 2h04'21''
  101. Lemarchand François at 2h04'30''
  102. Laurent Thierry at 2h06'07'' Red card 1995 : confessions in 2000 (sanction not known) ; 1996 : positive control ; 1997 : confessions in 2003 (sanction not known) ; 1997 : blood test
  103. Van Hooydonck Edwig at 2h06'43''
  104. Chaparro Cardozo Arsenio at 2h06'48''
  105. Dernies Michel at 2h07'03''
  106. Leclerc Roland at 2h07'26'' Red card 1989 : positive control (sanction not known) ; 199x : confessions in 2002
  107. Riis Bjarne at 2h08'01'' Red card 198x : confessions in 2010 (no penalty) ; 1993 : confessions in 2007 ; 1995 : police investigation (no penalty)
  108. Abadie Henri at 2h08'03''
  109. Verdonck Rudy at 2h09'54''
  110. Chaubet Christian at 2h11'22''
  111. Marie Thierry at 2h12'37''
  112. Cassani Davide at 2h12'38''
  113. Stutz Werner at 2h12'48''
  114. Ludwig Olaf at 2h12'54'' Red card 2006 : police investigation
  115. Madiot Marc at 2h13'22'' Yellow card 198x : confessions in 1987 (no penalty)
  116. Zimmermann Urs at 2h13'58''
  117. Nijdam Jelle at 2h15'05''
  118. Vermote Michel at 2h15'32''
  119. Lukin Morantin Luis Javier at 2h16'23''
  120. Perini Giancarlo at 2h16'47'' Yellow card 199x : judicial investigation (no penalty)
  121. Jdanov Vassili at 2h16'52''
  122. Duch Ballestar Javier at 2h17'04''
  123. Alonso Marino at 2h19'44''
  124. Holm Brian at 2h20'16'' Yellow card 1996 : confessions in 2007 (no penalty) ; 199x : confessions in 1999 (sanction not known)
  125. De Wilde Etienne at 2h20'21'' Yellow card 1987 : positive control (no penalty)
  126. Bishop Andy at 2h20'30'' Yellow card 1988 : journalistic investigation (no penalty)
  127. Vanderaerden Eric at 2h20'43''
  128. Maechler Erich at 2h21'05''
  129. Maassen Frans at 2h21'31''
  130. Verschueren Patrick at 2h23'49''
  131. Gusmeroli Roberto at 2h25'30''
  132. Moreau Francis at 2h26'06'' Red card 1996 : positive control
  133. Solleveld Gerrit at 2h26'47''
  134. Pavlic Yure at 2h26'56''
  135. Pedersen Per at 2h28'11'' Yellow card 199x : confessions in 2006 (no penalty)
  136. Ouslamine Serguei at 2h29'21''
  137. De Clercq Peter at 2h29'26''
  138. Kiefel Ron at 2h31'24''
  139. Schur Jan at 2h31'45''
  140. Redant Hendrik at 2h32'11''
  141. Zanatta Stefano at 2h32'27''
  142. Van Slycke Rik at 2h38'25'' Red card 1988 : positive control
  143. Guerricagoitia Enrique at 2h39'48''
  144. Manders Henri at 2h43'34''
  145. Achermann Alfred at 2h44'38'' Yellow card 1986 : police investigation (no penalty)
  146. Siemons Jan at 2h44'58''
  147. Santaromita Mauro-antonio at 2h45'04'' Red card 1997 : blood test ; 199x : blood test (no penalty)
  148. Oliveira Boga José-manuel at 2h46'27''
  149. Calcaterra Giuseppe at 2h48'11'' Yellow card 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
  150. Willems Ludwig at 2h58'10''
  151. Jaramillo Meza Carlos-maria at 2h58'47''
  152. Schurer Eddy at 2h58'55''
  153. Roche Lawrence at 2h59'25''
  154. Poels Twan at 3h00'15''
  155. Wegmuller Thomas at 3h00'26''
  156. Barth Thomas at 3h05'33''
  157. Veenstra Wiebren at 3h13'58''
  158. Harmeling Rob at 3h25'51''

Red card reports a rider who was sanctioned in a doping case
Yellow card reports a rider pinned in our doping directory but who has not been sanctioned or whose we are not aware of the possible sanction


The alternative ranking

The ranking as it would be if we excluded all racers "pinned" in doping cases during their career.

  1. Lemond Greg
  2. Hampsten Andrew
  3. Rue Gérard
  4. Chozas Eduardo
  5. Rondon Vasquez Abelardo
  6. Bernard Jean-françois
  7. Fondriest Maurizio
  8. Roux Denis
  9. Camargo Alberto
  10. Vichot Frédéric
  11. Delion Gilles
  12. Murguialday Javier
  13. Simon Jérôme
  14. Philipot Fabrice
  15. Bourguignon Thierry
  16. Esnault Patrice
  17. Giovannetti Marco
  18. Herrera Luis
  19. Ruiz Cabestany Pello
  20. De Vries Gerrit
  21. Bagot Jean-claude
  22. Fuerte Abelenda Anselmo
  23. Leanizbarrutia Alberto
  24. Giannelli Alessandro
  25. Pensec Ronan
  26. Ekimov Viatcheslav
  27. Cardenas Ordus Henry
  28. Louviot Philippe
  29. Moncada Guiza Gerardo
  30. Ribeiro Mauro
  31. Richard Pascal
  32. Virvaleix Didier
  33. Pillon Laurent
  34. Konyshev Dimitri
  35. Cornillet Bruno
  36. Mauleon Francisco
  37. Argentin Moreno
  38. Gaston Crespi Inaki
  39. Nulens Guy
  40. Krieger Dominik
  41. Mauri Melchior
  42. Espinosa Sampere Francisco
  43. Arnould Dominique
  44. Winterberg Guido
  45. Lurvik Olaf
  46. Montoya Alarcon Jesus
  47. Diaz Zabala Herminio
  48. Martinez Torres Miguel-angel
  49. Arnaud Dominique
  50. Golz Rolf
  51. Colotti Jean-claude
  52. Jacobs Patrick
  53. Van Lancker Eric
  54. Zdhanov Dimitri
  55. Casado Philippe
  56. Tebaldi Valerio
  57. Van Den Abbeele Frank
  58. Lavainne Christophe
  59. Zaina Enrico
  60. Peeters Wilfried
  61. Bauer Steve
  62. Lance Pascal
  63. Rodriguez Magro Jesus
  64. Lemarchand François
  65. Van Hooydonck Edwig
  66. Chaparro Cardozo Arsenio
  67. Dernies Michel
  68. Abadie Henri
  69. Verdonck Rudy
  70. Chaubet Christian
  71. Marie Thierry
  72. Cassani Davide
  73. Stutz Werner
  74. Zimmermann Urs
  75. Nijdam Jelle
  76. Vermote Michel
  77. Lukin Morantin Luis Javier
  78. Jdanov Vassili
  79. Duch Ballestar Javier
  80. Alonso Marino
  81. Vanderaerden Eric
  82. Maechler Erich
  83. Maassen Frans
  84. Verschueren Patrick
  85. Gusmeroli Roberto
  86. Solleveld Gerrit
  87. Pavlic Yure
  88. Ouslamine Serguei
  89. De Clercq Peter
  90. Kiefel Ron
  91. Schur Jan
  92. Redant Hendrik
  93. Zanatta Stefano
  94. Guerricagoitia Enrique
  95. Manders Henri
  96. Siemons Jan
  97. Oliveira Boga José-manuel
  98. Willems Ludwig
  99. Jaramillo Meza Carlos-maria
  100. Schurer Eddy
  101. Roche Lawrence
  102. Poels Twan
  103. Wegmuller Thomas
  104. Barth Thomas
  105. Veenstra Wiebren
  106. Harmeling Rob


List of doping cases during the race

Rider Product Race Year Sanction Control
Montoya Reynel Amphétamines Tour de France 1991 NSP* Contrôle positif
Raab Uwe Tour de France 1991 Non Aveux en 1996

* Sanction not known


The list of participants

The list of participants by team

Z

67 years of existence, 75 cases, ie 1,12 per year

1. Lemond Greg
2. Boyer Eric Yellow card 198x : confessions in 2005 (no penalty)
3. Casado Philippe
4. Cornillet Bruno
5. Duclos-lassalle Gilbert Yellow card 1989 : absence to control (no penalty)
6. Kvalsvoll Atle
7. Lemarchand François
8. Millar Robert Red card 1992 : positive control ; 199x : confessions (no penalty)
9. Simon Jérôme

CARRERA-JEANS

21 years of existence, 10 cases, ie 0,48 per year

11. Chiappucci Claudio Red card 1993 : police investigation ; 1997 : blood test ; 1997 : blood test
12. Abdoujaparov Djamolidine Red card 1989 : positive control ; 1997 : positive control ; 1997 : positive control ; 1997 : positive control ; 1997 : positive control ; 1997 : positive control ; 1997 : positive control
13. Bontempi Guido Red card 1987 : positive control ; 1993 : police investigation
14. Giannelli Alessandro
15. Maechler Erich
16. Pavlic Yure
17. Perini Giancarlo Yellow card 199x : judicial investigation (no penalty)
18. Poulnikov Vladimir Red card 1997 : positive control
19. Zaina Enrico

PDM-CONCORDE

7 years of existence, 16 cases, ie 2,29 per year

21. Breukink Erik
22. Alcala Gallegos Raul
23. Boden Falk
24. Earley Martin
25. Kelly Sean Red card 1984 : positive control ; 1988 : positive control
26. Raab Uwe Yellow card 1991 : confessions in 1996 (no penalty)
27. Van Aert Jos
28. Van Poppel Jean-paul
29. Verhoeven Nico

BANESTO

44 years of existence, 29 cases, ie 0,66 per year

31. Delgado Pedro Yellow card 1988 : positive control (no penalty)
32. Alonso Marino
33. Arnaud Dominique
34. Bernard Jean-françois
35. Indurain Miguel Yellow card 1994 : positive control (no penalty)
36. Lukin Morantin Luis Javier
37. Philipot Fabrice
38. Rodriguez Magro Jesus
39. Rondon Vasquez Abelardo

ONCE

18 years of existence, 19 cases, ie 1,06 per year

41. Lejarreta Marino Red card 1985 : positive control
42. Chozas Eduardo
43. Diaz Zabala Herminio
44. Fuerte Abelenda Anselmo
45. Hodge Stephen Red card 1991 : confessions in 2012
46. Martinez Torres Miguel-angel
47. Mauri Melchior
48. Villanueva Jose-luis
49. Weltz Johnny Yellow card 2000 : confessions in 2015 (no penalty)

GATORADE-CHATEAU D'AX

51. Bugno Gianni Red card 1994 : positive control ; 1997 : judicial investigation (no penalty) ; 1999 : in the act
52. Calcaterra Giuseppe Yellow card 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
53. Giovannetti Marco
54. Gusmeroli Roberto
55. Passera Camillo
56. Santaromita Mauro-antonio Red card 1997 : blood test ; 199x : blood test (no penalty)
57. Schur Jan
58. Tebaldi Valerio
59. Zanatta Stefano

LOTTO-SUPERCLUB-MBK

61. Bruyneel Johan Red card 199x : judicial investigation
62. De Clercq Peter
63. Moreels Sammie
64. Museeuw Johan Red card 2003 : judicial investigation ; 200x : confessions in 2007 (sanction not known)
65. Nevens Jan
66. Redant Hendrik
67. Van Den Abbeele Frank
68. Van Slycke Rik Red card 1988 : positive control
69. Verschueren Patrick

MOTOROLA

71. Hampsten Andrew
72. Anderson Phil Red card 1983 : positive control
73. Bauer Steve
74. Bishop Andy Yellow card 1988 : journalistic investigation (no penalty)
75. Carter Mike
76. Kiefel Ron
77. Lauritzen Dag-otto
78. Yates Sean Yellow card 1989 : positive control (no penalty)
79. Zimmermann Urs

AMAYA SEGUROS

15 years of existence, 10 cases, ie 0,67 per year

81. Parra Fabio
82. Esnault Patrice
83. Guerricagoitia Enrique
84. Leclerc Roland Red card 1989 : positive control (sanction not known) ; 199x : confessions in 2002
85. Montoya Alarcon Jesus
86. Murguialday Javier
87. Pedersen Per Yellow card 199x : confessions in 2006 (no penalty)
88. Pensec Ronan
89. Quevedo Salazar Fernando

CASTORAMA

24 years of existence, 21 cases, ie 0,88 per year

91. Fignon Laurent Red card 1984 : confessions in 2009 (no penalty) ; 1987 : positive control ; 1987 : confessions in 2009 (no penalty) ; 1989 : positive control ; 198x : confessions in 2009 (no penalty)
92. Arnould Dominique
93. Bagot Jean-claude
94. Lavainne Christophe
95. Leblanc Luc Yellow card 1994 : confessions in 2000 (no penalty) ; 1998 : confessions (no penalty)
96. Marie Thierry
97. Riis Bjarne Red card 198x : confessions in 2010 (no penalty) ; 1993 : confessions in 2007 ; 1995 : police investigation (no penalty)
98. Simon Pascal Red card 1983 : positive control
99. Vichot Frédéric

HELVETIA

5 years of existence, 0 cases, ie 0 per year

101. Delion Gilles
102. Demierre Serge
103. Gianetti Mauro Yellow card 1998 : judicial investigation (no penalty)
104. Krieger Dominik
105. Manders Henri
106. Richard Pascal
107. Rue Gérard
108. Stevenhaagen Peter Yellow card 1988 : confessions (no penalty)
109. Winterberg Guido

RYALCO-POSTOBON

11 years of existence, 2 cases, ie 0,18 per year

111. Herrera Luis
112. Camargo Alberto
113. Cardenas Ordus Henry
114. Chaparro Cardozo Arsenio
115. Jaramillo Meza Carlos-maria
116. Mejia Alvaro Red card 1987 : positive control
117. Moncada Guiza Gerardo
118. Montoya Reynel Yellow card 1991 : positive control (sanction not known)
119. De Jesus Vargas Oscar Red card 1992 : positive control

ARIOSTEA

10 years of existence, 2 cases, ie 0,2 per year

121. Argentin Moreno
122. Cassani Davide
123. Cenghialta Bruno Yellow card 199x : judicial investigation (sanction not known)
124. Conti Roberto Red card 2002 : in the act
125. Elli Alberto Red card 2001 : in the act
126. Golz Rolf
127. Lelli Massimiliano
128. Lietti Marco
129. Sorensen Rolf Yellow card 199x : confessions in 2013 (no penalty) ; 1993 : judicial investigation (no penalty)

RMO-MAVIC-LIBERIA

7 years of existence, 5 cases, ie 0,71 per year

131. Mottet Charly Yellow card 198x : confessions in 1989 (no penalty)
132. Caritoux Eric Yellow card 1986 : police control (no penalty)
133. Claveyrolat Thierry Yellow card 1986 : police control (no penalty)
134. Laurent Thierry Red card 1995 : confessions in 2000 (sanction not known) ; 1996 : positive control ; 1997 : confessions in 2003 (sanction not known) ; 1997 : blood test
135. Lino Pascal Red card 1993 : positive control ; 1996 : judicial investigation and confessions (no penalty) ; 1999 : confessions in 1999
136. Madiot Marc Yellow card 198x : confessions in 1987 (no penalty)
137. Madiot Yvon
138. Ribeiro Mauro
139. Vermote Michel

TVM-SANYO

25 years of existence, 30 cases, ie 1,2 per year

141. Theunisse Gert-jan Red card 1988 : positive control ; 1988 : journalistic investigation (no penalty) ; 1989 : positive control ; 1990 : positive control
142. Barth Thomas
143. Harmeling Rob
144. Jdanov Vassili
145. Konyshev Dimitri
146. Schurer Eddy
147. Siemons Jan
148. Skibby Jesper Yellow card 1990 : confessions in 2006 (no penalty) ; 1991 : confessions in 2006 (no penalty) ; 1992 : confessions in 2006 (no penalty)
149. Ouslamine Serguei

PANASONIC-SPORTLIFE

20 years of existence, 9 cases, ie 0,45 per year

151. Dhaenens Rudy Yellow card 1988 : journalistic investigation (no penalty)
152. Ekimov Viatcheslav
153. Fondriest Maurizio
154. Ludwig Olaf Red card 2006 : police investigation
155. Nulens Guy
156. Sergeant Marc Red card 1983 : positive control ; 1985 : positive control
157. Van Lancker Eric
158. Van Orsouw Marc Yellow card 1988 : journalistic investigation (no penalty)
159. Zdhanov Dimitri

WEINMANN-EDDY MERCKX

3 years of existence, 1 case, ie 0,33 per year

161. Wegmuller Thomas
162. Achermann Alfred Yellow card 1986 : police investigation (no penalty)
163. Bomans Carlo
164. Dernies Michel
165. Goessens Jan
166. Jaermann Rolf Yellow card 1994 : confessions in 1999 (no penalty)
167. Stutz Werner
168. Verdonck Rudy
168. Willems Ludwig

HISTOR-SIGMA

171. Ampler Uwe Red card 1993 : confessions in 1994 (no penalty) ; 1999 : positive control ; 1999 : confessions in 1999 (no penalty)
172. De Wilde Etienne Yellow card 1987 : positive control (no penalty)
173. Holm Brian Yellow card 1996 : confessions in 2007 (no penalty) ; 199x : confessions in 1999 (sanction not known)
174. Kappes Andreas Red card 1997 : positive control ; 2000 : positive control (no penalty)
175. Lilholt Soren Yellow card 199x : confessions in 2006 (no penalty)
176. Peeters Wilfried
177. Stumpf Remig
178. Van Itterbeeck Benjamin
179. Virvaleix Didier

TOSHIBA

8 years of existence, 8 cases, ie 1 per year

181. Jalabert Laurent Yellow card 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
182. Abadie Henri
183. Bourguignon Thierry
184. Chaubet Christian
185. Gayant Martial
186. Lance Pascal
187. Louviot Philippe
188. Lurvik Olaf
189. Roux Denis

BUCKLER

40 years of existence, 25 cases, ie 0,63 per year

191. Rooks Steven Yellow card 1988 : journalistic investigation (no penalty) ; 1989 : confessions in 1998 & 2009 (no penalty)
192. De Vries Gerrit
193. Maassen Frans
194. Nijdam Jelle
195. Poels Twan
196. Solleveld Gerrit
197. Van Hooydonck Edwig
198. Vanderaerden Eric
199. Veenstra Wiebren

TONTON TAPIS-CORONA

8 years of existence, 8 cases, ie 1 per year

201. Roche Stephen Red card 1993 : police investigation
202. Carlsen John
203. Colotti Jean-claude
204. De Wolf Dirk
205. Jacobs Patrick
206. Moreau Francis Red card 1996 : positive control
207. Pedersen Atle
208. Pillon Laurent
209. Roche Lawrence

CLAS-CAJASTUR

6 years of existence, 2 cases, ie 0,33 per year

211. Ruiz Cabestany Pello
212. Dominguez Diaz Manuel-jorge Red card 1992 : positive control
213. Duch Ballestar Javier
214. Emonds Nico Red card 1990 : positive control ; 1995 : positive control
215. Espinosa Sampere Francisco
216. Gaston Crespi Inaki
217. Leanizbarrutia Alberto
218. Mauleon Francisco
219. Oliveira Boga José-manuel

Red card reports a rider who was sanctioned in a doping case
Yellow card reports a rider pinned in our doping directory but who has not been sanctioned or whose we are not aware of the possible sanction


PDM scandal press review (Tour de France 1991)


See also