Tour of Spain 1996 : the real numbers of doping

Departure to the land of Marco Pantani
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Last update 14/09/2024 - cyclisme-dopage.com

Statistics

The table below establishes, team by team, the count of the riders who have been or will be subsequently "pinned" in doping cases.

Teams Riders Pinned Top 10 Pinned Podium Pinned
ONCE 9 3 1 1 1 1
AKI 9 3 1 0 0 0
Banesto 9 3 0 0 0 0
Cantina Tollo 9 2 0 0 0 0
Euskadi 9 3 0 0 0 0
Gewiss 9 5 0 0 0 0
Kelme 9 6 1 0 0 0
Festina 9 3 1 1 1 1
Maia 9 0 0 0 0 0
Mapei 9 4 1 1 1 1
MG 9 2 1 0 0 0
Motorola 9 7 2 2 0 0
MX Onda 9 3 0 0 0 0
Casino 9 3 0 0 0 0
Polti 9 6 2 2 0 0
Saeco 9 4 0 0 0 0
Porcelena Santa Clara 9 3 0 0 0 0
Scrigno 9 2 0 0 0 0
Telekom 9 3 0 0 0 0
TVM 9 5 0 0 0 0
Total 180 70 10 7 3 3
Pourcentage 39% 70% 100%

Pinned: Number of riders who violated the anti-doping rules.
Included in this category: riders who have been tested positive (including refuse to submit to doping control or hematocrit> 50%), having acknowledged having doped, having been sanctioned (by the justice, their federation or their team).
Not included (for example) : those whose sample B was negative.
Top 10: number of riders present in the top 10 of the final general classification.
Podium: number of riders present in the first 3 of the final general classification.

Other data :


The official ranking

Ranking source : www.tour-giro-vuelta.net (11/10/2010)

  1. Zülle Alex in 97h31'46'' Red card 1993 : positive control (no penalty) ; 1994 : positive control (no penalty) ; 1998 : blood test, urine, hair ; 1998 : confessions in 1998 (sanction not known)
  2. Dufaux Laurent at 0h06'23'' Red card 1998 : blood test, urine, hair, confessions in 1998
  3. Rominger Tony at 0h08'29'' Yellow card 1994 : positive control (no penalty)
  4. Pistore Roberto at 0h10'13''
  5. Faustini Stefano at 0h11'21''
  6. Totschnig Georg at 0h11'33'' Yellow card 2005 : judicial investigation (sanction not known)
  7. Rebellin Davide at 0h13'15'' Red card 2008 : positive control
  8. Peron Andrea at 0h14'46'' Yellow card 2001 : in the act (no penalty) ; 2004 : in the act (no penalty) ; 2011 : positive control (sanction not known)
  9. Julich Bobby at 0h15'10'' Red card 1996 : confessions in 2012 ; 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
  10. Escartin Fernando at 0h18'35''
  11. Serrano Rodriguez Marcos-antonio at 0h19'19'' Yellow card 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
  12. Jimenez José Maria at 0h20'19'' Yellow card 199x : dead in 2003 ; 1993 : positive control (sanction not known)
  13. Gianetti Mauro at 0h21'15'' Yellow card 1998 : judicial investigation (no penalty)
  14. Clavero Sebastian Daniel at 0h21'49'' Red card 1998 : blood test ; 2001 : police investigation
  15. Nardello Daniele at 0h22'37'' Yellow card 1999 : positive control (no penalty)
  16. Bobrik Vladislav at 0h26'00''
  17. Merckx Axel at 0h27'34'' Yellow card 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
  18. Mauleon Unsuain Francesco-javier at 0h27'38''
  19. Jalabert Laurent at 0h27'44'' Yellow card 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
  20. Meinert-nielsen Peter at 0h29'56'' Red card 1993 : positive control
  21. Chanteur Pascal at 0h31'21'' Yellow card 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
  22. Jeker Fabian at 0h32'21''
  23. Hundertmarck Kai at 0h32'28''
  24. Casero Moreno Angel-luis at 0h35'09'' Yellow card 1996 : positive control (no penalty)
  25. Apollonio Massimo at 0h37'48'' Red card 1998 : blood test
  26. Gonzalez Arrieta José-ramon at 0h41'35''
  27. Lecchi Angelo at 0h44'12''
  28. Aiarzaguena Urkidi Inaki at 0h45'52''
  29. Chaurreau Inigo at 0h46'04''
  30. Gougot Fabrice at 0h47'16''
  31. Zarrabeitia Mikel at 0h50'29''
  32. Mauri-prat Melchior at 0h57'35''
  33. Blanco Gil Santiago at 1h02'28''
  34. Rodrigues Gomes Orlando Sergio at 1h03'50''
  35. Konyshev Dimitri at 1h06'03''
  36. Gonzalez Gutierrez Arsenio at 1h06'14''
  37. Lietti Marco at 1h07'01''
  38. Solaun Solana Cesar at 1h08'00'' Yellow card 2001 : police investigation (sanction not known)
  39. Cerezo Perales Francisco at 1h10'24''
  40. Den Bakker Maarten at 1h13'02''
  41. Zintchenko Andrei at 1h14'30''
  42. Abreu Campos Manuel at 1h16'19''
  43. Furlan Giorgio at 1h17'43'' Yellow card 1999 : police investigation (sanction not known) ; 2000 : blood test (sanction not known)
  44. Hamburger Bo at 1h19'12'' Red card 1993 : positive control (no penalty) ; 1995 : confessions in 2007 (no penalty) ; 1998 : confessions in 1998 (sanction not known) ; 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty) ; 1999 : positive control (no penalty) ; 1999 : laboratory inquiry (no penalty) ; 2001 : positive control ; 2003 : positive control
  45. Moller Klaus-michael at 1h23'40'' Red card 1999 : positive control
  46. Cuesta Lopez De Cas. Inigo at 1h24'14''
  47. Pascual Soler Manuel at 1h24'49''
  48. Pascual Rodriguez Javier at 1h25'34'' Red card 2003 : positive control
  49. Rincon Quintana Oliveiro at 1h27'32''
  50. Tebaldi Valerio at 1h28'41''
  51. Gonzalez Capilla Santos at 1h36'11'' Red card 2005 : internal control (no penalty) ; 2005 : internal control (no penalty) ; 2006 : positive control
  52. Sanchez Garcia Antonio at 1h40'07''
  53. Arenas Gonzalez Juan-rodrigo at 1h41'44''
  54. Canzonieri Angelo at 1h43'04''
  55. Gainetdinov Romes at 1h45'24''
  56. Bugno Gianni at 1h47'09'' Red card 1994 : positive control ; 1997 : judicial investigation (no penalty) ; 1999 : in the act
  57. Alonso Monje Marino at 1h51'42''
  58. Audehm Gerd at 1h52'06''
  59. Anguita Hinojosa Eleuterio at 1h52'20''
  60. Cignali Daniele at 1h52'31''
  61. Livingston Kevin at 1h53'21'' Yellow card 1999 : judicial investigation (no penalty) ; 1997 : positive control (no penalty) ; 1999 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
  62. Gonzalez Galdeano Alvaro at 1h59'39'' Red card 2000 : positive control ; 2001 : police investigation (sanction not known)
  63. Diaz Zabala Herminio at 2h00'57''
  64. Zanini Stefano at 2h03'08'' Red card 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty) ; 2001 : in the act
  65. Rodriguez Garcia José at 2h04'51''
  66. Plaza David at 2h05'10''
  67. Werner Jurgen at 2h08'16''
  68. Dal Sie Roberto at 2h15'40''
  69. Pascual Llorente Javier at 2h16'22'' Red card 2003 : positive control
  70. Lopez Uriarte Oscar at 2h22'09''
  71. Zanette Denis at 2h24'01'' Yellow card 2001 : in the act (sanction not known)
  72. Dominguez Juan-carlos at 2h25'09'' Red card 1998 : blood test ; 2006 : blood test
  73. Celestino Mirko at 2h25'13''
  74. Valoti Paolo at 2h26'00''
  75. Odriozola Mugar. Jon at 2h28'26'' Yellow card 1997 : absence to control (no penalty) ; 2001 : police investigation (sanction not known)
  76. Hodge Stephen at 2h34'06'' Red card 1991 : confessions in 2012
  77. Leysen Bart at 2h35'13''
  78. Hoffman Tristan at 2h37'35'' Yellow card 1998 : positive control (no penalty)
  79. Laiseka Jaoi Roberto at 2h38'42''
  80. Wesemann Steffen at 2h39'05''
  81. Pavanello Luca at 2h39'18''
  82. Pereira De Andrade Joaquim Adrego at 2h40'26''
  83. Locatelli Martial at 2h43'05''
  84. Kummer Mario at 2h43'35'' Yellow card 1995 : police investigation (no penalty)
  85. Edo Alsina Angel at 2h44'08'' Red card 1998 : blood test
  86. Steels Tom at 2h44'50'' Yellow card 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty) ; 1999 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
  87. Gallorini Sauro at 2h45'42''
  88. Politano Antonio at 2h46'00''
  89. Mori Massimilliano at 2h46'08'' Red card 2003 : fraud
  90. Agnolutto Christophe at 2h46'39''
  91. Garcia Camacho Ignacio at 2h47'31''
  92. Smetanine Serguei at 2h55'34''
  93. Paluan Andrea at 2h57'47'' Red card 2009 : positive control
  94. Cabello Luque Francisco at 2h58'42'' Red card 1994 : positive control (5 times)
  95. Goenetxea Sasiain Asier at 2h58'44''
  96. Minali Nicola at 2h58'46'' Yellow card 1997 : absence to control (no penalty) ; 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
  97. Brignoli Ermanno at 2h59'42'' Red card 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty) ; 2001 : in the act
  98. Johnsen Lars-christian at 3h00'40''
  99. Hvastija Martin at 3h01'02'' Red card 2001 : in the act
  100. Blijlevens Jeroen at 3h01'32'' Yellow card 1998 : judicial investigation (no penalty) ; 1999 : senate inquiry and confessions in 2013 (no penalty) ; 2001 : police investigation (sanction not known)
  101. Petacchi Alessandro at 3h02'16'' Red card 2007 : positive control ; 2012 : judicial investigation
  102. Di Renzo Marco-antonio at 3h05'33''
  103. Cordes Tom at 3h06'19''
  104. Vona Franco at 3h06'49''
  105. Di Silvestro Lorenzo at 3h07'28''
  106. Gonzalez Galdeano Igor at 3h09'15'' Red card 2002 : positive control
  107. Citterio Giuseppe at 3h10'10'' Yellow card 1991 : positive control (sanction not known)
  108. Mcrae Chann at 3h10'23''
  109. Calzavara Leonardo at 3h17'39''
  110. Brognara Andrea at 3h27'05''
  111. Dante Stefano at 3h29'56''
  112. Recanati Juri at 3h33'19''
  113. Aranguren Armino Oscar at 3h36'30''
  114. Miguelanez Joaquim at 3h44'37''
  115. Redant Hendrik at 3h52'40''

Red card reports a rider who was sanctioned in a doping case
Yellow card reports a rider pinned in our doping directory but who has not been sanctioned or whose we are not aware of the possible sanction


The alternative ranking

The ranking as it would be if we excluded all racers "pinned" in doping cases during their career.

  1. Pistore Roberto
  2. Faustini Stefano
  3. Escartin Fernando
  4. Bobrik Vladislav
  5. Mauleon Javier
  6. Jeker Fabian
  7. Hundertmarck Kai
  8. Gonzalez Arrieta José-ramon
  9. Lecchi Angelo
  10. Aiarzaguena Urkidi Inaki
  11. Chaurreau Inigo
  12. Gougot Fabrice
  13. Zarrabeitia Mikel
  14. Mauri Melchior
  15. Blanco Gil Santiago
  16. Rodrigues Gomes Orlando Sergio
  17. Konyshev Dimitri
  18. Gonzales Arsenio
  19. Lietti Marco
  20. Cerezo Perales Francisco
  21. Den Bakker Maarten
  22. Zintchenko Andrei
  23. Abreu Campos Manuel
  24. Cuesta Lopez De Castro Inigo
  25. Pascual Soler Manuel
  26. Rincon Quintana Oliveiro
  27. Tebaldi Valerio
  28. Sanchez Garcia Antonio
  29. Arenas Gonzalez Juan-rodrigo
  30. Canzonieri Angelo
  31. Gainetdinov Romes
  32. Alonso Marino
  33. Audehm Gerd
  34. Anguita Hinojosa Eleuterio
  35. Cignali Daniele
  36. Diaz Zabala Herminio
  37. Rodriguez Garcia José
  38. Plaza David
  39. Werner Jurgen
  40. Dal Sie Roberto
  41. Lopez Uriarte Oscar
  42. Celestino Mirko
  43. Valoti Paolo
  44. Leysen Bart
  45. Laiseka Jaoi Roberto
  46. Wesemann Steffen
  47. Pavanello Luca
  48. Pereira De Andrade Joaquim Adrego
  49. Locatelli Martial
  50. Gallorini Sauro
  51. Politano Antonio
  52. Agnolutto Christophe
  53. Garcia Camacho Ignacio
  54. Smetanine Serguei
  55. Goenetxea Sasiain Asier
  56. Johnsen Lars-christian
  57. Di Renzo Marco-antonio
  58. Cordes Tom
  59. Vona Franco
  60. Di Silvestro Lorenzo
  61. Mcrae Chann
  62. Calzavara Leonardo
  63. Brognara Andrea
  64. Dante Stefano
  65. Recanati Juri
  66. Aranguren Armino Oscar
  67. Miguelanez Joaquim
  68. Redant Hendrik


The list of participants

The list of participants by team

ONCE

18 years of existence, 20 cases, ie 1,11 per year

1. Jalabert Laurent Yellow card 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
2. Cuesta Lopez De Cas. Inigo
3. Diaz Zabala Herminio
4. Leanizbarrutia Alberto
5. Mauri-prat Melchior
6. Rincon Quintana Oliveiro
7. Stephens Neil Yellow card 1998 : analyses sang, urine, cheveux, aveux en 1998 (sanction not known)
8. Zarrabeitia Mikel
9. Zülle Alex Red card 1993 : positive control (no penalty) ; 1994 : positive control (no penalty) ; 1998 : blood test, urine, hair ; 1998 : confessions in 1998 (sanction not known)

AKI

27 years of existence, 13 cases, ie 0,48 per year

11. Konyshev Dimitri
12. Faustini Stefano
13. Citterio Giuseppe Yellow card 1991 : positive control (sanction not known)
14. Colombo Luca Red card 1997 : blood test ; 1997 : absence to control (no penalty) ; 199x : blood test (no penalty)
15. Zanette Denis Yellow card 2001 : in the act (sanction not known)
16. Gorini Gianluca
17. Vona Franco
18. Pavanello Luca
19. Dal Sie Roberto

Banesto

45 years of existence, 29 cases, ie 0,64 per year

21. Indurain Miguel Yellow card 1994 : positive control (no penalty)
22. Casero Moreno Angel-luis Yellow card 1996 : positive control (no penalty)
23. Blanco Gil Santiago
24. Nijboer Erwin
25. Gonzalez Arrieta José-ramon
26. Jimenez José Maria Yellow card 199x : dead in 2003 ; 1993 : positive control (sanction not known)
27. Aparicio Vila Vicente
28. Rodrigues Gomes Orlando Sergio
29. Alonso Monje Marino

Cantina Tollo

31. Dante Stefano
32. Di Renzo Marco-antonio
33. Gentili Massimiliano
34. Paluan Andrea Red card 2009 : positive control
35. Pierdomenico Germano
36. Hvastija Martin Red card 2001 : in the act
37. Di Silvestro Lorenzo
38. Recanati Juri
39. Valoti Paolo

Euskadi

41. Garcia Marquina David
42. Gonzalez Galdeano Alvaro Red card 2000 : positive control ; 2001 : police investigation (sanction not known)
43. Solaun Solana Cesar Yellow card 2001 : police investigation (sanction not known)
44. Lopez Uriarte Oscar
45. Gonzalez Galdeano Igor Red card 2002 : positive control
46. Goenetxea Sasiain Asier
47. Laiseka Jaoi Roberto
48. Gonzalez De Heredia Inigo
49. Aiarzaguena Urkidi Inaki

Gewiss

51. Bobrik Vladislav
52. Minali Nicola Yellow card 1997 : absence to control (no penalty) ; 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
53. Zanini Stefano Red card 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty) ; 2001 : in the act
54. Santaromita Mauro-antonio Red card 1997 : blood test ; 199x : blood test (no penalty)
55. Brignoli Ermanno Red card 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty) ; 2001 : in the act
56. Odriozola Mugar. Jon Yellow card 1997 : absence to control (no penalty) ; 2001 : police investigation (sanction not known)
57. Bottaro Dario
58. Cerioli Ivan
59. Brognara Andrea

Kelme

61. Escartin Fernando
62. Buenahora Hernan Red card 2006 : positive control ; 2008 : positive control
63. Cabello Luque Francisco Red card 1994 : positive control (5 times)
64. Garcia Camacho Ignacio
65. Serrano Rodriguez Marcos-antonio Yellow card 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
66. Gonzalez Capilla Santos Red card 2005 : internal control (no penalty) ; 2005 : internal control (no penalty) ; 2006 : positive control
67. Dominguez Juan-carlos Red card 1998 : blood test ; 2006 : blood test
68. Rodriguez Garcia José
69. Edo Alsina Angel Red card 1998 : blood test

Festina

12 years of existence, 31 cases, ie 2,58 per year

71. Dufaux Laurent Red card 1998 : blood test, urine, hair, confessions in 1998
72. Arenas Gonzalez Juan-rodrigo
73. Goubert Stéphane
74. Hodge Stephen Red card 1991 : confessions in 2012
75. Jeker Fabian
76. Lebreton Lylian Yellow card 1994 : confessions in 1998 (sanction not known) ; 1996 : confessions in 1998 (sanction not known)
77. Plaza David
78. Martin Yvan
79. Tebaldi Valerio

Maia

81. Abreu Campos Manuel
82. Pereira De Andrade Joaquim Adrego
83. Azevedo José
84. Barroso Paulo
85. Felgueiras Ricardo
86. Ferreira Paulo
87. Sampaio Campos Joaquim Alberto
88. Silva Joao
89. Rodriguez Gil Manuel

Mapei

32 years of existence, 26 cases, ie 0,81 per year

91. Rominger Tony Yellow card 1994 : positive control (no penalty)
92. Gonzalez Gutierrez Arsenio
93. Mauleon Unsuain Francesco-javier
94. Bortolami Gianluca Red card 1998 : confessions (sanction not known) ; 1999 : judicial search (sanction not known) ; 2000 : blood test (sanction not known) ; 2003 : positive control
95. Unzaga Bombin Jon
96. Leysen Bart
97. Pena Miguel Angel
98. Nardello Daniele Yellow card 1999 : positive control (no penalty)
99. Steels Tom Yellow card 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty) ; 1999 : senate inquiry (no penalty)

MG

101. Baldato Fabio
102. Bugno Gianni Red card 1994 : positive control ; 1997 : judicial investigation (no penalty) ; 1999 : in the act
103. Loda Nicola Yellow card 1999 : positive control (no penalty)
104. Rodriguez Gil Manuel
105. Lecchi Angelo
106. Lietti Marco
107. Molinari Maurizio
108. Pistore Roberto
109. Ferdeghini Lorenzo

Motorola

16 years of existence, 4 cases, ie 0,25 per year

111. Julich Bobby Red card 1996 : confessions in 2012 ; 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
112. Livingston Kevin Yellow card 1999 : judicial investigation (no penalty) ; 1997 : positive control (no penalty) ; 1999 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
113. Merckx Axel Yellow card 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
114. Montoya Alarcon Jesus
115. Ozers Kaspars
116. Peron Andrea Yellow card 2001 : in the act (no penalty) ; 2004 : in the act (no penalty) ; 2011 : positive control (sanction not known)
117. Sciandri Maximilian Yellow card 2001 : police investigation (sanction not known)
118. Van Heeswijk Max Yellow card 2007 : confessions in 2011 (no penalty)
119. Vanzella Flavio Red card 1986 : positive control

MX Onda

121. Wust Marcel
122. Cordes Tom
123. Moller Klaus-michael Red card 1999 : positive control
124. Gamito Vitor Manuel
125. Cerezo Perales Francisco
126. Anguita Hinojosa Eleuterio
127. Vicario Barbera Juan-carlos
128. Espinosa Hernan. Jose-antonio Yellow card 1993 : positive control (sanction not known)
129. Clavero Sebastian Daniel Red card 1998 : blood test ; 2001 : police investigation

Casino

131. De Las Cuevas Armand Red card 1995 : border control ; 2006 : positive control
132. Agnolutto Christophe
133. Locatelli Martial
134. Bessy Frederic
135. Chanteur Pascal Yellow card 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
136. Gougot Fabrice
137. Kasputis Arturas
138. Kirsipuu Jan Yellow card 1993 : positive control (sanction not known)
139. Mengin Christophe

Polti

18 years of existence, 10 cases, ie 0,56 per year

141. Rebellin Davide Red card 2008 : positive control
142. Gianetti Mauro Yellow card 1998 : judicial investigation (no penalty)
143. Lombardi Giovanni Yellow card 2001 : police investigation (sanction not known)
144. Totschnig Georg Yellow card 2005 : judicial investigation (sanction not known)
145. Outschakov Serguei Red card 1998 : judicial investigation (no penalty) ; 1999 : positive control
146. Chaurreau Inigo
147. Crepaldi Mirko Yellow card 2018 : police investigation (sanction not known)
148. Celestino Mirko
149. Calzavara Leonardo

Saeco

15 years of existence, 20 cases, ie 1,33 per year

151. Casagrande Francesco Red card 1998 : positive control ; 1998 : positive control ; 2004 : positive control
152. Furlan Giorgio Yellow card 1999 : police investigation (sanction not known) ; 2000 : blood test (sanction not known)
153. Canzonieri Angelo
154. Mazzoleni Eddy Red card 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty) ; 2004 : in the act ; 2004 : positive control ; 2005 : police investigation
155. Politano Antonio
156. Sanchez Garcia Antonio
157. Pascual Soler Manuel
158. Lelli Massimiliano
159. Mori Massimilliano Red card 2003 : fraud

Porcelena Santa Clara

4 years of existence, 1 case, ie 0,25 per year

161. Gainetdinov Romes
162. Aranguren Armino Oscar
163. Vaughters Jonathan Yellow card 1996 : confessions in 2012 (no penalty) ; 1997 : confessions (no penalty) ; 1998 : confessions in 2012 (no penalty)
164. Mcrae Chann
165. Miguelanez Joaquim
166. Pascual Rodriguez Javier Red card 2003 : positive control
167. Pascual Llorente Javier Red card 2003 : positive control
168. Smetanine Serguei
169. Zintchenko Andrei

Scrigno

171. Vatteroni Andrea
172. Casarotto Davide
173. Rossato Mirko
174. Cignali Daniele
175. Gallorini Sauro
176. Barbagli Alessio
177. Conte Biagio
178. Apollonio Massimo Red card 1998 : blood test
179. Petacchi Alessandro Red card 2007 : positive control ; 2012 : judicial investigation

Telekom

23 years of existence, 48 cases, ie 2,09 per year

181. Andersson Michel
182. Dietz Bert Yellow card 1994 : confessions in 2007 (sanction not known)
183. Kummer Mario Yellow card 1995 : police investigation (no penalty)
184. Meinert-nielsen Peter Red card 1993 : positive control
185. Wesemann Steffen
186. Audehm Gerd
187. Hundertmarck Kai
188. Lafis Michel
189. Werner Jurgen

TVM

191. Den Bakker Maarten
192. Hamburger Bo Red card 1993 : positive control (no penalty) ; 1995 : confessions in 2007 (no penalty) ; 1998 : confessions in 1998 (sanction not known) ; 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty) ; 1999 : positive control (no penalty) ; 1999 : laboratory inquiry (no penalty) ; 2001 : positive control ; 2003 : positive control
193. Hoffman Tristan Yellow card 1998 : positive control (no penalty)
194. Johnsen Lars-christian
195. Redant Hendrik
196. Blijlevens Jeroen Yellow card 1998 : judicial investigation (no penalty) ; 1999 : senate inquiry and confessions in 2013 (no penalty) ; 2001 : police investigation (sanction not known)
197. Pulnikov Vladimir
198. Skibby Jesper Yellow card 1990 : confessions in 2006 (no penalty) ; 1991 : confessions in 2006 (no penalty) ; 1992 : confessions in 2006 (no penalty)
199. Voskamp Bart Yellow card 1998 : judicial investigation and confessions (no penalty)

Red card reports a rider who was sanctioned in a doping case
Yellow card reports a rider pinned in our doping directory but who has not been sanctioned or whose we are not aware of the possible sanction


See also