![]() |
Tour of Spain 1997 : the real numbers of doping |
![]() |
The table below establishes, team by team, the count of the riders who have been or will be subsequently "pinned" in doping cases.
Teams | Riders | Pinned | Top 10 | Pinned | Podium | Pinned |
ONCE | 9 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
AKI | 9 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Asics | 9 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Banesto | 9 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Brescialat | 9 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Cantina Tollo | 9 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Casino | 9 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Cofidis | 9 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Estepona | 9 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Euskadi | 9 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Gan | 9 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Kelme | 9 | 6 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
Festina | 9 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Maia | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Mapei | 9 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Rabobank | 9 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Refin | 9 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Flavia | 9 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
TVM | 9 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Saeco | 9 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Scrigno | 9 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
US Postal | 9 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Total | 198 | 78 | 10 | 8 | 3 | 2 |
Pourcentage | 39% | 80% | 67% |
Pinned: Number of riders who violated the anti-doping rules.
Included in this category: riders who have been tested positive (including refuse to submit to doping control or hematocrit> 50%), having acknowledged having doped, having been sanctioned (by the justice, their federation or their team).
Not included (for example) : those whose sample B was negative.
Top 10: number of riders present in the top 10 of the final general classification.
Podium: number of riders present in the first 3 of the final general classification.
Other data :
Ranking source : www.tour-giro-vuelta.net (11/10/2010)
The ranking as it would be if we excluded all racers "pinned" in doping cases during their career.
The list of participants by team
18 years of existence, 19 cases, ie 1,06 per year
1. Zülle Alex - 1993 : positive control (no penalty) ; 1994 : positive control (no penalty) ; 1998 : blood test, urine, hair ; 1998 : confessions in 1998 (sanction not known)
2. Cuesta Lopez De Castro Inigo
3. Diaz Zabala Herminio
4. Garmendia Aitor - 1998 : blood test
5. Jalabert Laurent - 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
6. Leanizbarrutia Alberto
7. Mauri Melchior
8. Mauleon Javier
9. Zarrabeitia Mikel
27 years of existence, 13 cases, ie 0,48 per year
11. Honchar Sergei - 1999 : blood test ; 2007 : blood test
12. Dalla Costa Oscar
13. Gorini Gianluca
14. Leoni Endrio - 2001 : in the act ; 2002 : positive control
15. Miceli Nicola - 1998 : blood test
16. Pavanello Luca
17. Zanotti Marco
18. Radaelli Mauro
19. Zanetti Mauro
3 years of existence, 3 cases, ie 1 per year
21. Chiappucci Claudio - 1993 : police investigation ; 1997 : blood test ; 1997 : blood test
22. Colonna Federico
23. Ferrari Diego
24. Noe Andrea
25. Roscioli Fabio
26. Schiavina Samuele
27. Shefer Alexandre
28. Simeoni Filippo - 1993 : confessions in 1999 (no penalty) ; 2001 : positive control
29. Zaina Enrico
44 years of existence, 29 cases, ie 0,66 per year
31. Olano Abraham - 1994 : positive control ; 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
32. Alonso Marino
33. Casero Angel - 1996 : positive control (no penalty)
34. De Las Cuevas Armand - 1995 : border control ; 2006 : positive control
35. Garcia Acosta Jose-vicente
36. Indurain Prudencio
37. Jimenez José-maria - 199x : dead in 2003 ; 1993 : positive control (sanction not known)
38. Osa Aitor
39. Rodrigues Gomes Orlando Sergio
41. Belli Wladimir
42. Camin Claudio
43. Della Vedova Marco
44. Gelfi Luca
45. Milesi Marco
46. Piccoli Mariano - 1999 : police investigation (sanction not known) ; 1999 : positive control (no penalty) ; 2001 : police investigation (no penalty) ; 2005 : police investigation (sanction not known) ; 2010 : police investigation ; 201x : judicial investigation (no penalty)
47. Raimondi Gian Carlo
48. Serpellini Marco - 2005 : police investigation (sanction not known)
49. Sgambelluri Roberto - 2002 : positive control
51. Gentili Massimiliano
52. Cembali Stefano
53. Dante Stefano
54. Di Renzo Marco-antonio
55. Dolci Andrea - 1998 : blood test
56. Hvastija Martin - 2001 : in the act
57. Ramacciotti Nicola
58. Paluan Andrea - 2009 : positive control
59. Frizzo Maurizio
32 years of existence, 17 cases, ie 0,53 per year
61. Richard Pascal
62. Barthe Stéphane - 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty) ; 199x : judicial investigation (no penalty)
63. Bessy Frédéric
64. Bordenave Philippe
65. Durand Jacky - 1996 : positive control ; 1996 : positive control ; 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
66. Gougot Fabrice
67. Chanteur Pascal - 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
68. Massi Rodolfo - 1998 : in the act ; 1998 : confessions in 1998 (sanction not known)
69. Pontier Frédéric - 1997 : confessions in 1998 (sanction not known) ; 1998 : positive control
28 years of existence, 21 cases, ie 0,75 per year
71. Rominger Tony - 1994 : positive control (no penalty)
72. Andreu Frankie - 1995 : confessions in 2006 (no penalty)
73. Desbiens Laurent - 1996 : positive control ; 1996 : positive control ; 1996 : positive control ; 1996 : positive control ; 1998 : confessions (sanction not known) ; 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
74. Fondriest Maurizio
75. Gaumont Philippe - 1996 : positive control ; 1996 : positive control ; 1996 : positive control ; 1998 : positive control (2 times) (no penalty) ; 1999 : blood test ; 2004 : confessions
76. Moreau Francis - 1996 : positive control
77. Plaza David
78. Rinero Christophe
79. Thibout Bruno
81. Clavero Sebastian Daniel - 1998 : blood test ; 2001 : police investigation
82. Anguita Hinojosa Eleuterio
83. Cerezo Perales Francisco
84. Zintchenko Andrei
85. Moller Claus Michael - 1999 : positive control
86. Moratilla Victor
87. Smetanine Serguei
88. Uria Gonzales José-manuel
89. Vicario Barbera Juan-carlos
91. Solaun Solana César - 2001 : police investigation (sanction not known)
92. Aiarzaguena Urkidi Inaki
93. Ajuria Gordon Ibon
94. Garcia Marquina David
95. Gonzalez De Heredia Inigo
96. Gonzales De Galdeano Alvaro - 2000 : positive control ; 2001 : police investigation (sanction not known)
97. Gonzales De Galdeano Igor - 2002 : positive control
98. Laiseka Jaoi Roberto
99. Lopez Uriarte Oscar
67 years of existence, 75 cases, ie 1,12 per year
101. Boardman Chris
102. Hubert Emmanuel
103. Ledanois Yvon - 1999 : judicial investigation
104. Moncassin Frédéric - 199x : confessions in 2000 (no penalty) ; 1998 : senate inquiry and confessions in 2013 (no penalty)
105. Poli Eros - 1986 : positive control
106. Rue Gérard
107. Simon François
108. Teyssier Francisque
109. Vasseur Cédric
111. Escartin Fernando
112. Botero Santiago - 1999 : positive control ; 2002 : positive control (no penalty)
113. Dominguez Juan-carlos - 1998 : blood test ; 2006 : blood test
114. Edo Angel - 1998 : blood test
115. Gonzales Arsenio
116. Heras Roberto - 2005 : positive control (no penalty)
117. Rodriguez Garcia José
118. Gonzalez Capilla Santos - 2005 : internal control (no penalty) ; 2005 : internal control (no penalty) ; 2006 : positive control
119. Serrano Rodriguez Marcos-antonio - 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
12 years of existence, 31 cases, ie 2,58 per year
121. Dufaux Laurent - 1998 : blood test, urine, hair, confessions in 1998
122. Brochard Laurent - 1991 : positive control (no penalty) ; 1997 : confessions in 2000 (no penalty) ; 1998 : confessions in 1998 ; 1998 : positive control
123. Garcia Casas Felix Manuel
124. Hervé Pascal - 1998 : blood test, urine, hair ; 1998 : confessions in 2000 (sanction not known) ; 2001 : positive control
125. Jeker Fabian
126. Tebaldi Valerio
127. Rous Didier - 1998 : analyses sang, urine, cheveux et aveux en 1998
128. Stephens Neil - 1998 : analyses sang, urine, cheveux, aveux en 1998 (sanction not known)
129. Wust Marcel
131. Barbosa Candido
132. Pereira De Andrade Joaquim Adrego
133. Azevedo José Bento
134. Barroso Paulo
135. Sanchez De La Rocha José-luis
136. Ferreira Paulo
137. Jarque Jose-francisco
138. Sampaio Campos Joaquim Alberto
139. Silva Joao
31 years of existence, 26 cases, ie 0,84 per year
141. Tonkov Pavel - 1999 : blood test (sanction not known)
142. Ballerini Franco - 1994 : positive control (no penalty) ; 1996 : positive control
143. Bramati Davide
144. Bugno Gianni - 1994 : positive control ; 1997 : judicial investigation (no penalty) ; 1999 : in the act
145. Faresin Gianni - 2000 : blood test (sanction not known)
146. Lanfranchi Paolo
147. Nardello Daniele - 1999 : positive control (no penalty)
148. Svorada Jan
149. Zanini Stefano - 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty) ; 2001 : in the act
40 years of existence, 24 cases, ie 0,6 per year
151. Luttenberger Peter
152. Jonasson Danny
153. Jonker Patrick
154. Koerts Jans - 1993 : confessions in 2007 (no penalty)
155. Moerenhout Koos
156. Nelissen Danny - 1996 : confessions in 2013 (no penalty)
157. Van Bon Leon
158. Van Heeswijk Max - 2007 : confessions in 2011 (no penalty)
159. Vierhouten Aart
161. Colage Stefano - 2021 : positive control
162. Aggiano Elio
163. Balducci Gabriele
164. Bettin Mauro
165. Lietti Marco
166. Piepoli Leonardo - 2007 : positive control (2 times) ; 2008 : positive control (2 times)
167. Ouslamine Serguei
168. Salvato Cristian
169. Werner Jurgen
171. Castelblanco Jose - 1996 : positive control ; 1999 : laboratory inquiry (no penalty) ; 2004 : positive control
172. Aguirre Julio-cesar
173. Contreras Carlos-alberto
174. Hernandez Montoya Jairo
175. Osorio Hernan Alonso
176. Munoz Federico - 2004 : positive control
177. Palacio Montoya Hector-ivan
178. Ramirez Calderon Juan Diego
179. Rico Lizarazo Efrain
181. Andersson Michel
182. Petilleau Stephane
183. Knaven Servais - 1998 : judicial investigation (no penalty)
184. Hamburger Bo - 1993 : positive control (no penalty) ; 1995 : confessions in 2007 (no penalty) ; 1998 : confessions in 1998 (sanction not known) ; 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty) ; 1999 : positive control (no penalty) ; 1999 : laboratory inquiry (no penalty) ; 2001 : positive control ; 2003 : positive control
185. Ivanov Sergueï - 1998 : judicial investigation (no penalty) ; 2000 : blood test
186. Michaelsen Lars - 1998 : judicial investigation (no penalty)
187. Voskamp Bertus - 1998 : judicial investigation and confessions (no penalty)
188. Skibby Jesper - 1990 : confessions in 2006 (no penalty) ; 1991 : confessions in 2006 (no penalty) ; 1992 : confessions in 2006 (no penalty)
189. Hoffman Tristan
15 years of existence, 20 cases, ie 1,33 per year
191. Cipollini Mario - 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
192. Calcaterra Giuseppe - 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
193. Canzonieri Angelo
194. Di Basco Alessio - 1992 : positive control
195. Furlan Giorgio - 1999 : police investigation (sanction not known) ; 2000 : blood test (sanction not known)
196. Mazzoleni Eddy - 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty) ; 2004 : in the act ; 2004 : positive control ; 2005 : police investigation
197. Petito Roberto - 1997 : positive control (no penalty)
198. Salmeron Gines
199. Scirea Mario - 2004 : in the act
201. Guidi Fabrizio - 2005 : positive control (no penalty)
202. Apollonio Massimo - 1998 : blood test
203. Casarotto Davide
204. Conte Biagio
205. Petacchi Alessandro - 2007 : positive control ; 2012 : judicial investigation
206. Pieri Dario
207. Rossato Mirko
208. Tronca Amilcare
209. Vatteroni Andrea
17 years of existence, 20 cases, ie 1,18 per year
211. Ekimov Viatcheslav
212. Baker Darren
213. Villatoro Anton
214. Gragus Eddy
215. Lupeikis Remigius
216. Mercier Scott
217. Meinert-nielsen Peter - 1993 : positive control
218. Robin Jean-cyril - 199x : confessions in 2004 (sanction not known)
219. Teutenberg Sven