Giro d'Italia 1997 : the real numbers of doping

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Last update 27/08/2025 - cyclisme-dopage.com

Statistics

The table below establishes, team by team, the count of the riders who have been or will be subsequently "pinned" in doping cases.

Teams Riders Pinned Top 10 Pinned Podium Pinned
Mapei - GB 10 5 2 2 1 1
AKI - Safi 10 4 2 2 0 0
Amore & Vita 10 6 0 0 0 0
Asics - CGA 10 3 0 0 0 0
Batik - Del Monte 10 7 0 0 0 0
Brescialat - Oyster 10 3 1 0 0 0
Cantina Tollo - Carrier - Starplast 10 3 0 0 0 0
Festina - Lotus 10 3 0 0 0 0
Kelme - Costa Blanca - Eurosport 10 6 2 1 0 0
Kross - Montanari - Selle Italia 10 5 0 0 0 0
Mercatone Uno 10 7 1 1 0 0
Maglificio MG - Technogym 10 6 0 0 0 0
Ceramiche Refin - Mobilvetta Design 10 1 0 0 0 0
Roslotto - ZG Mobili 10 4 0 0 0 0
Ros Mary - Minotti Italia - Ideal 10 3 0 0 0 0
Saeco - Estro 10 6 1 1 1 1
Scrigno - Gaerne 10 4 0 0 0 0
Polti 10 7 1 0 1 0
Total 180 83 10 7 3 2
Pourcentage 46% 70% 67%

Pinned: Number of riders who violated the anti-doping rules.
Included in this category: riders who have been tested positive (including refuse to submit to doping control or hematocrit> 50%), having acknowledged having doped, having been sanctioned (by the justice, their federation or their team).
Not included (for example) : those whose sample B was negative.
Top 10: number of riders present in the top 10 of the final general classification.
Podium: number of riders present in the first 3 of the final general classification.

Other data :


The official ranking

Ranking source : www.procyclingstats.com (05/09/2020)

  1. Gotti Ivan in 102h53'58'' Red card 1998 : blood test (sanction not known) ; 2001 : in the act
  2. Tonkov Pavel at 0h01'27'' Yellow card 1999 : blood test (sanction not known)
  3. Guerini Giuseppe at 0h07'40''
  4. Miceli Nicola at 0h12'20'' Red card 1998 : blood test
  5. Honchar Serhiy at 0h12'44'' Red card 1999 : blood test ; 2007 : blood test
  6. Belli Wladimir at 0h12'44''
  7. Di Grande Giuseppe at 0h12'54'' Red card 2001 : in the act
  8. Serrano Rodriguez Marcos-antonio at 0h16'07'' Yellow card 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
  9. Garzelli Stefano at 0h18'08'' Red card 2002 : positive control
  10. Rubiera Vigil José-luis at 0h18'56''
  11. Noe Andrea at 0h20'51''
  12. Garcia Casas Felix Manuel at 0h21'50''
  13. Savoldelli Paolo at 0h24'20'' Red card 2005 : disciplinary investigation
  14. Frigo Dario at 0h31'35'' Red card 1996 : confessions in 2001 (sanction not known) ; 2001 : confessions in 2001 ; 2005 : judicial investigation and confessions
  15. Gonzalez Pico Jaime "chepe" at 0h37'34'' Red card 2001 : in the act
  16. Volpi Alberto at 0h41'32'' Yellow card 1993 : positive control (no penalty) ; 1997 : absence to control (no penalty)
  17. Podenzana Massimo at 0h43'28'' Red card 1986 : positive control
  18. Conti Roberto at 0h47'22'' Red card 2002 : in the act
  19. Merckx Axel at 0h47'44'' Yellow card 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
  20. Berzin Evgueni at 0h49'02'' Red card 1997 : absence to control (no penalty) ; 2000 : blood test
  21. Forconi Riccardo at 0h51'47'' Red card 1998 : positive control ; 2001 : positive control
  22. Gomez Gonzalo Javier at 0h53'47''
  23. Gentili Massimiliano at 0h54'16''
  24. Petito Roberto at 1h02'58'' Yellow card 1997 : positive control (no penalty)
  25. Bettini Paolo at 1h04'55''
  26. Siboni Marcello at 1h05'06'' Red card 2001 : in the act
  27. Puttini Felice at 1h13'14''
  28. Faresin Gianni at 1h14'37'' Red card 2000 : blood test
  29. De Paoli Daniele at 1h15'11'' Red card 2001 : in the act
  30. Velo Marco at 1h16'10'' Red card 1994 : positive control ; 1999 : positive control ; 2000 : positive control
  31. Jeker Fabian at 1h16'18''
  32. Sgambelluri Roberto at 1h29'16'' Red card 2002 : positive control
  33. Coppolillo Michele at 1h30'01'' Yellow card 1999 : positive control (no penalty)
  34. Bortolami Gianluca at 1h30'32'' Red card 1998 : confessions (sanction not known) ; 1999 : judicial search (sanction not known) ; 2000 : blood test (sanction not known) ; 2003 : positive control
  35. Calzavara Leonardo at 1h33'24''
  36. Pierdomenico Germano at 1h34'22''
  37. Konyshev Dimitri at 1h36'55''
  38. Donati Massimo at 1h37'32''
  39. Pellicioli Oscar at 1h39'50''
  40. Cenghialta Bruno at 1h42'29'' Yellow card 199x : judicial investigation (sanction not known)
  41. Mazzanti Luca at 1h43'22''
  42. Paluan Andrea at 1h43'56'' Red card 2009 : positive control
  43. Barbero Sergio at 1h45'13'' Red card 2001 : positive control
  44. Loda Nicola at 1h46'24'' Yellow card 1999 : positive control (no penalty)
  45. Padrnos Pavel at 1h46'24'' Yellow card 2001 : in the act (sanction not known)
  46. Fincato Marco at 1h47'56''
  47. Sivakov Alexei at 1h49'21''
  48. Piccoli Mariano at 1h53'17'' Red card 1999 : police investigation (sanction not known) ; 1999 : positive control (no penalty) ; 2001 : police investigation (no penalty) ; 2005 : police investigation (sanction not known) ; 2010 : police investigation ; 201x : judicial investigation (no penalty)
  49. Patuelli Andrea at 1h59'59''
  50. Lozano Moncada Alvaro at 2h00'22''
  51. Ouslamine Sergei at 2h03'27''
  52. Gonzalez Gutierrez Arsenio at 2h06'29''
  53. Missaglia Gabriele at 2h06'34'' Yellow card 2001 : in the act (sanction not known) ; 2005 : police investigation (sanction not known)
  54. Dotti Fausto at 2h09'16''
  55. Vergnani Marco at 2h11'54''
  56. Lecchi Angelo at 2h14'40''
  57. Molinari Maurizio at 2h14'46''
  58. Finesso Stefano at 2h16'15''
  59. Hvastija Martin at 2h19'17'' Red card 2001 : in the act
  60. Della Vedova Marco at 2h21'16''
  61. Poser Michel at 2h25'53''
  62. Gualdi Mirko at 2h26'21''
  63. Roscioli Fabio at 2h29'07''
  64. Hernandez Jaime at 2h29'50''
  65. Laddomada Michele at 2h31'36'' Red card 2007 : positive control
  66. Boscardin Bruno at 2h33'52''
  67. Mondini Gianpaolo at 2h39'18'' Red card 2001 : in the act
  68. Lebreton Lylian at 2h40'53'' Yellow card 1994 : confessions in 1998 (sanction not known) ; 1996 : confessions in 1998 (sanction not known)
  69. Tebaldi Valerio at 2h43'17''
  70. Baronti Alessandro at 2h44'16'' Red card 2002 : police investigation (sanction not known) ; 2002 : positive control
  71. Frattini Francesco at 2h44'35''
  72. Moos Alexandre at 2h48'05''
  73. Pumar Omar at 2h48'42''
  74. Pozzi Alessandro at 2h49'38''
  75. Bugno Gianni at 2h50'07'' Red card 1994 : positive control ; 1997 : judicial investigation (no penalty) ; 1999 : in the act
  76. Caruso Roberto at 2h53'59''
  77. Zanette Denis at 2h54'29'' Yellow card 2001 : in the act (sanction not known)
  78. Vidal Jose-angel at 2h54'41''
  79. Crepaldi Mirko at 2h55'14'' Yellow card 2018 : police investigation (sanction not known)
  80. Djavanian Viatcheslav at 2h55'26''
  81. Cabello Luque Francisco at 2h55'26'' Red card 1994 : positive control (5 times)
  82. Chiesa Mario at 2h55'58'' Yellow card 1993 : police investigation (no penalty)
  83. Apollonio Massimo at 2h59'24'' Red card 1998 : blood test
  84. Tani David at 2h59'24'' Red card 2006 : positive control ; 200x : confessions in 2005 (sanction not known)
  85. Magnusson Glenn at 2h59'36''
  86. Frattini Cristiano at 3h01'13''
  87. Schmidt Torsten at 3h01'30''
  88. Bettin Mauro at 3h03'39''
  89. Cipollini Mario at 3h05'38'' Yellow card 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
  90. Dalla Costa Oscar at 3h09'47''
  91. Brasi Rossano at 3h13'54'' Red card 2000 : blood test
  92. Fontanelli Fabiano at 3h14'24'' Red card 1996 : positive control ; 2001 : blood test
  93. Alberati Paolo at 3h15'34'' Red card 1998 : blood test ; 2013 : positive control (sanction not known)
  94. Ouchakov Serguei at 3h16'16'' Red card 1998 : judicial investigation (no penalty) ; 1999 : positive control
  95. Giraldi Stefano at 3h17'14'' Yellow card 2002 : police investigation (sanction not known)
  96. Bramati Davide at 3h17'59''
  97. Gallorini Sauro at 3h21'07''
  98. Fornaciari Paolo at 3h24'44''
  99. Bottaro Dario at 3h25'06''
  100. Spruch Zbigniew at 3h26'09''
  101. Pianegonda Gianluca at 3h26'43''
  102. Bontempi Fabrizio at 3h34'24''
  103. Calcaterra Giuseppe at 3h34'49'' Yellow card 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
  104. Peschel Uwe at 3h36'24''
  105. Wust Marcel at 3h37'48''
  106. Cassani Enrico at 3h40'47'' Red card 2003 : positive control
  107. Santaromita Mauro-antonio at 3h51'36'' Red card 1997 : blood test ; 199x : blood test (no penalty)
  108. Giacomelli Sandro at 4h04'38''
  109. Cauz Michelangelo at 4h05'44''
  110. Di Renzo Marco-antonio at 4h22'23''

Red card reports a rider who was sanctioned in a doping case
Yellow card reports a rider pinned in our doping directory but who has not been sanctioned or whose we are not aware of the possible sanction


The alternative ranking

The ranking as it would be if we excluded all racers "pinned" in doping cases during their career.

  1. Guerini Giuseppe
  2. Belli Wladimir
  3. Rubiera Vigil José-luis
  4. Noe Andrea
  5. Garcia Casas Felix Manuel
  6. Gomez Gonzalo José Javier
  7. Gentili Massimiliano
  8. Bettini Paolo
  9. Puttini Felice
  10. Jeker Fabian
  11. Calzavara Leonardo
  12. Pierdomenico Germano
  13. Konyshev Dimitri
  14. Donati Massimo
  15. Pellicioli Oscar
  16. Mazzanti Luca
  17. Fincato Marco
  18. Sivakov Alexei
  19. Patuelli Andrea
  20. Lozano Moncada Alvaro
  21. Ouslamine Serguei
  22. Gonzales Arsenio
  23. Dotti Fausto
  24. Vergnani Marco
  25. Lecchi Angelo
  26. Molinari Maurizio
  27. Finesso Stefano
  28. Della Vedova Marco
  29. Poser Michel
  30. Gualdi Mirko
  31. Roscioli Fabio
  32. Hernandez Jaime
  33. Boscardin Bruno
  34. Tebaldi Valerio
  35. Frattini Francesco
  36. Moos Alexandre
  37. Pumar Omar
  38. Pozzi Alessandro 2
  39. Caruso Roberto
  40. Vidal Jose-angel
  41. Djavanian Viatcheslav
  42. Magnusson Glenn
  43. Frattini Cristiano
  44. Schmidt Torsten
  45. Bettin Mauro
  46. Dalla Costa Oscar
  47. Bramati Davide
  48. Gallorini Sauro
  49. Fornaciari Paolo
  50. Bottaro Dario
  51. Spruch Zbigniew
  52. Pianegonda Gianluca
  53. Bontempi Fabrizio
  54. Peschel Uwe
  55. Wust Marcel
  56. Giacomelli Sandro
  57. Cauz Michelangelo
  58. Di Renzo Marco-antonio


List of doping cases during the race

Rider Product Race Year Sanction Control
Gili Marco Hématocrite > 50% Tour d'Italie 1997 Oui Contrôle positif
Laurent Thierry Hématocrite > 50% Tour d'Italie 1997 Oui Analyse sang
Moretti Roberto Hématocrite > 50% Tour d'Italie 1997 Oui Contrôle positif
Petito Roberto Stéroïdes anabolisants Tour d'Italie 1997 Non Contrôle positif
Poulnikov Vladimir Hématocrite > 50% Tour d'Italie 1997 Oui Contrôle positif
Simeoni Filippo Testostérone, hormone de croissance, insuline Tour d'Italie 1997 Oui Contrôle positif


The list of participants

The list of participants by team

Mapei - GB

33 years of existence, 31 cases, ie 0,94 per year

1. Tonkov Pavel Yellow card 1999 : blood test (sanction not known)
2. Bugno Gianni Red card 1994 : positive control ; 1997 : judicial investigation (no penalty) ; 1999 : in the act
3. Di Grande Giuseppe Red card 2001 : in the act
4. Bramati Davide
5. Faresin Gianni Red card 2000 : blood test
6. Lanfranchi Paolo
7. Missaglia Gabriele Yellow card 2001 : in the act (sanction not known) ; 2005 : police investigation (sanction not known)
8. Pianegonda Gianluca
9. Svorada Jan
10. Spruch Zbigniew

AKI - Safi

27 years of existence, 14 cases, ie 0,52 per year

11. Faustini Stefano
12. Cauz Michelangelo
13. Calzavara Leonardo
14. Dalla Costa Oscar
15. Leoni Endrio Red card 2001 : in the act ; 2002 : positive control
16. Radaelli Mauro
17. Murtas Emiliano
18. Honchar Serhiy Red card 1999 : blood test ; 2007 : blood test
19. Miceli Nicola Red card 1998 : blood test
20. Zanette Denis Yellow card 2001 : in the act (sanction not known)

Amore & Vita

33 years of existence, 11 cases, ie 0,33 per year

21. Forconi Riccardo Red card 1998 : positive control ; 2001 : positive control
22. Magnusson Glenn
23. Larsen Nicolay Bo Red card 2000 : blood test
24. Meloni Filippo Red card 1999 : blood test
25. Mondini Gianpaolo Red card 2001 : in the act
26. Vergnani Marco
27. Giacomelli Sandro
28. Andriotto Dario Yellow card 2001 : in the act (no penalty)
29. Laddomada Michele Red card 2007 : positive control
30. Patuelli Andrea

Asics - CGA

3 years of existence, 5 cases, ie 1,67 per year

31. Baronti Alessandro Red card 2002 : police investigation (sanction not known) ; 2002 : positive control
32. Zaina Enrico
33. Chiesa Mario Yellow card 1993 : police investigation (no penalty)
34. Bonetti Enrico
35. Simeoni Filippo Red card 1993 : confessions in 1999 (no penalty) ; 1996 : positive control
36. Molinari Maurizio
37. Pozzi Oscar
38. Sheffr Alexandre
39. Roscioli Fabio
40. Noe Andrea

Batik - Del Monte

5 years of existence, 12 cases, ie 2,4 per year

41. Berzin Evgueni Red card 1997 : absence to control (no penalty) ; 2000 : blood test
42. Brignoli Ermanno Red card 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty) ; 2001 : in the act
43. Brognara Andrea
44. Cenghialta Bruno Yellow card 199x : judicial investigation (sanction not known)
45. Colombo Gabriele
46. Frattini Francesco
47. Meier Armin Red card 1998 : confessions in 1998 ; 1998 : blood test, urine, hair
48. Minali Nicola Yellow card 1997 : absence to control (no penalty) ; 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
49. Spezialetti Alessandro Red card 2004 : in the act
50. Volpi Alberto Yellow card 1993 : positive control (no penalty) ; 1997 : absence to control (no penalty)

Brescialat - Oyster

13 years of existence, 3 cases, ie 0,23 per year

51. Belli Wladimir
52. Bontempi Fabrizio
53. Contrini Daniele
54. Della Vedova Marco
55. Frattini Cristiano
56. Milesi Marco
57. Piccoli Mariano Red card 1999 : police investigation (sanction not known) ; 1999 : positive control (no penalty) ; 2001 : police investigation (no penalty) ; 2005 : police investigation (sanction not known) ; 2010 : police investigation ; 201x : judicial investigation (no penalty)
58. Pumar Omar
59. Sgambelluri Roberto Red card 2002 : positive control
60. Velo Marco Red card 1994 : positive control ; 1999 : positive control ; 2000 : positive control

Cantina Tollo - Carrier - Starplast

12 years of existence, 15 cases, ie 1,25 per year

61. Valoti Paolo
62. Pozzi Alessandro
63. Pierdomenico Germano
64. Peschel Uwe
65. Hvastija Martin Red card 2001 : in the act
66. Gentili Massimiliano
67. Dolci Andrea Red card 1998 : blood test
68. Di Silvestro Lorenzo
69. Di Renzo Marco-antonio
70. Paluan Andrea Red card 2009 : positive control

Festina - Lotus

12 years of existence, 30 cases, ie 2,5 per year

71. Bortolami Gianluca Red card 1998 : confessions (sanction not known) ; 1999 : judicial search (sanction not known) ; 2000 : blood test (sanction not known) ; 2003 : positive control
72. Boscardin Bruno
73. Garcia Casas Felix Manuel
74. Halgand Patrice
75. Hernandez Jaime
76. Jeker Fabian
77. Laurent Thierry Red card 1995 : confessions in 2000 (sanction not known) ; 1996 : positive control ; 1997 : confessions in 2003 (sanction not known) ; 1997 : blood test
78. Lebreton Lylian Yellow card 1994 : confessions in 1998 (sanction not known) ; 1996 : confessions in 1998 (sanction not known)
79. Wust Marcel
80. Tebaldi Valerio

Kelme - Costa Blanca - Eurosport

36 years of existence, 27 cases, ie 0,75 per year

81. Dominguez Juan-carlos Red card 1998 : blood test ; 2006 : blood test
82. Gonzalez Gutierrez Arsenio
83. Edo Alsina Angel Red card 1998 : blood test
84. Serrano Rodriguez Marcos-antonio Yellow card 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
85. Buenahora Hernan Red card 2006 : positive control ; 2008 : positive control
86. Gonzalez Pico Jaime "chepe" Red card 2001 : in the act
87. Rubiera Vigil José-luis
88. Cabello Luque Francisco Red card 1994 : positive control (5 times)
89. Gomez Gonzalo Javier
90. Vidal Jose-angel

Kross - Montanari - Selle Italia

31 years of existence, 28 cases, ie 0,9 per year

91. Pulnikov Vladimir
92. Roncancio Gonzalez Celio-roberto
93. Gili Marco Red card 1997 : positive control ; 2004 : positive control
94. Lozano Moncada Alvaro
95. Davidenko Vassilli Red card 2001 : positive control
96. Biasci Simone Red card 200x : positive control
97. Calzolari Alessandro
98. Citracca Angelo
99. Moretti Roberto Red card 1997 : positive control
100. Giraldi Stefano Yellow card 2002 : police investigation (sanction not known)

Mercatone Uno

7 years of existence, 19 cases, ie 2,71 per year

101. Pantani Marco Red card 1993 : medical control (sanction not known) ; 1995 : medical control + poursuites judiciaires ; 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty) ; 1999 : blood test ; 2001 : in the act
102. Podenzana Massimo Red card 1986 : positive control
103. Pellicioli Oscar
104. Garzelli Stefano Red card 2002 : positive control
105. Traversoni Mario
106. Bottaro Dario
107. Borgheresi Simone Yellow card 2001 : police investigation (sanction not known)
108. Conti Roberto Red card 2002 : in the act
109. Barbero Sergio Red card 2001 : positive control
110. Siboni Marcello Red card 2001 : in the act

Maglificio MG - Technogym

8 years of existence, 10 cases, ie 1,25 per year

111. Baldato Fabio
112. Casagranda Stefano Red card 2000 : in the act
113. Bettini Paolo
114. Coppolillo Michele Yellow card 1999 : positive control (no penalty)
115. Fontanelli Fabiano Red card 1996 : positive control ; 2001 : blood test
116. Lecchi Angelo
117. Pistore Roberto
118. Santaromita Mauro-antonio Red card 1997 : blood test ; 199x : blood test (no penalty)
119. Loda Nicola Yellow card 1999 : positive control (no penalty)
120. Simoni Gilberto Red card 1998 : blood test ; 2002 : positive control (no penalty) ; 2002 : positive control (no penalty)

Ceramiche Refin - Mobilvetta Design

2 years of existence, 1 case, ie 0,5 per year

121. Piepoli Leonardo Red card 2007 : positive control (2 times) ; 2008 : positive control (2 times)
122. Puttini Felice
123. Mazzanti Luca
124. Aggiano Elio
125. Balducci Gabriele
126. Ouslamine Sergei
127. Steinhauser Tobias
128. Werner Jurgen
129. Lietti Marco
130. Bettin Mauro

Roslotto - ZG Mobili

9 years of existence, 11 cases, ie 1,22 per year

131. Ferrigato Andrea
132. Fincato Marco
133. Ugrumov Piotr Yellow card 1995 : judicial investigation (sanction not known)
134. Konyshev Dimitri
135. Djavanian Viatcheslav
136. Schmidt Torsten
137. Savoldelli Paolo Red card 2005 : disciplinary investigation
138. Padrnos Pavel Yellow card 2001 : in the act (sanction not known)
139. Manzoni Mario Red card 1998 : blood test
140. Sivakov Alexei

Ros Mary - Minotti Italia - Ideal

19 years of existence, 7 cases, ie 0,37 per year

141. Bobrik Vladislav
142. Caruso Roberto
143. De Paoli Daniele Red card 2001 : in the act
144. Dotti Fausto
145. Galletti Alessio Red card 2000 : in the act ; 2004 : in the act
146. Finesso Stefano
147. Poser Michel
148. Tani David Red card 2006 : positive control ; 200x : confessions in 2005 (sanction not known)
149. Tomi Maurizio
150. Scopsi Manuel

Saeco - Estro

15 years of existence, 20 cases, ie 1,33 per year

151. Gotti Ivan Red card 1998 : blood test (sanction not known) ; 2001 : in the act
152. Cipollini Mario Yellow card 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
153. Calcaterra Giuseppe Yellow card 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
154. Donati Massimo
155. Fagnini Gianmatteo
156. Fornaciari Paolo
157. Frigo Dario Red card 1996 : confessions in 2001 (sanction not known) ; 2001 : confessions in 2001 ; 2005 : judicial investigation and confessions
158. Moos Alexandre
159. Petito Roberto Yellow card 1997 : positive control (no penalty)
160. Scirea Mario Red card 2004 : in the act

Scrigno - Gaerne

44 years of existence, 18 cases, ie 0,41 per year

161. Casagrande Filippo Yellow card 1999 : positive control (no penalty)
162. Casagranda Stefano Red card 2000 : in the act
163. Secchiari Francesco
164. Barbagli Alessio
165. Apollonio Massimo Red card 1998 : blood test
166. Vatteroni Andrea
167. Gasperoni Cristian
168. Rossato Mirko
169. Gallorini Sauro
170. Alberati Paolo Red card 1998 : blood test ; 2013 : positive control (sanction not known)

Polti

18 years of existence, 9 cases, ie 0,5 per year

171. Leblanc Luc Yellow card 1993 : confessions in 1998 (no penalty)
172. Merckx Axel Yellow card 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
173. Brasi Rossano Red card 2000 : blood test
174. Cassani Enrico Red card 2003 : positive control
175. Celestino Mirko
176. Crepaldi Mirko Yellow card 2018 : police investigation (sanction not known)
177. Gualdi Mirko
178. Guerini Giuseppe
179. Ouchakov Serguei Red card 1998 : judicial investigation (no penalty) ; 1999 : positive control
180. Sacchi Fabio Red card 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty) ; 2002 : in the act

Red card reports a rider who was sanctioned in a doping case
Yellow card reports a rider pinned in our doping directory but who has not been sanctioned or whose we are not aware of the possible sanction


See also