The team doping directory

Statistics

• 12 years of existence
• 31 cases (6th out of 586 teams) involving 25 team members
• 2,58 cases per year (9th out of 586 teams)

Successive names

Year	Team	Category
2001	Festina	0
2000	Festina - Lotus	0
1999	Festina - Lotus	0
1998	Festina - Lotus	19
1997	Festina - Lotus	5
1996	Festina - Lotus	2
1995	Festina - Lotus	0
1994	Festina - Lotus	2
1993	Festina - Lotus	2
1992	Festina - Lotus	0
1991	Festina - Lotus	1
1990	Festina - Lotus	0

List of team doping cases

Rider	Product	Race	Year	Penalization	Control
Bortolami Gianluca	EPO		1998	Unknown	Confession
Brochard Laurent	EPO, amphétamines, nandrolone, hormones de croissance	Tour de France	1998	Yes	Aveux en 1998
Brochard Laurent	EPO, Hormones de croissance, corticoïdes		1998	Yes	Positive control
Chabiron Joël			1998	Yes	Police investigation
Dalibot Jean			1998	Yes	Police investigation
D'Hont Jeff			1998	Yes	Police investigation
Dufaux Laurent	EPO, Hydrocortisone, cortisone	Tour de France	1998	Yes	Analyses sang, urine, cheveux, aveux en 1998
Hervé Pascal	Hématocrite = 52,6%, amphétamines, Cortisone	Tour de France	1998	Yes	Analyses sang, urine, cheveux
Hervé Pascal	EPO		1998	Unknown	Aveux en 2000
Meier Armin	EPO, Hormone de croissance	Tour de France	1998	Yes	Aveux en 1998
Meier Armin	EPO, amphétamines	Tour de France	1998	Yes	Analyses sang, urine, cheveux
Moreau Christophe	Amphétamines, corticoïdes	Tour de France	1998	No	Analyses sang, urine, cheveux, aveux
Moreau Christophe	Mestérolone (anabolisant)	Critérium international de la route	1998	Yes	Positive control
Rous Didier	EPO, amphétamines, hydrocortisone, cortisone	Tour de France	1998	Yes	Analyses sang, urine, cheveux et aveux en 1998
Roussel Bruno			1998	Yes	Police investigation
Stephens Neil	EPO, hydrocortisone, cortisone, HGH	Tour de France	1998	Unknown	Analyses sang, urine, cheveux, aveux en 1998
Virenque Richard	EPO, cortisone	Tour de France	1998	Unknown	Analyses sang, urine, cheveux
Zülle Alex	EPO, amphétamines, hormone de croissance	Tour de France	1998	Unknown	Aveux en 1998
Zülle Alex	EPO		1998	Yes	Analyses sang, urine, cheveux
Bouvard Gilles	EPO		1997	Unknown	Aveux en 1998
Brochard Laurent	Lidocaïne , EPO, hormone de croissance	Championnats du Monde	1997	No	Aveux en 2000
Laurent Thierry	Hématocrite > 50%	Tour d'Italie	1997	Yes	Blood test
Laurent Thierry	EPO, corticoïdes		1997	Unknown	Aveux en 2003
Lebreton Lylian	EPO		1997	Unknown	Aveux en 1998
Lebreton Lylian	EPO		1996	Unknown	Aveux en 1998
Moreau Christophe	EPO, Hormone de croissance		1996	Yes	Aveux en 1998
Leblanc Luc	EPO, Corticoïdes, Hormones de croissance, Amphétamines		1994	No	Aveux en 1998
Virenque Richard	EPO, ACTH, Hormone de croissance		1994	Yes	Aveux en 2000
Koerts Jans	Testosterone		1993	No	Aveux en 2007
Lino Pascal	Testosterone	Amstel Gold Race	1993	Yes	Positive control
Berrojalbiz Zarrabeitia Joseba	Nandrolone	Ronde des Pyrennées	1991	Unknown	Positive control

Other doping directories

Disclaimer

For a good understanding, the following should be kept in mind:

• We've done our best to piece together the history of the teams beyond their name changes. This would not have been possible without the considerable work of three websites: www.museociclismo.it, www.memoire-du-cyclisme.eu and www.velorooms.com.
• For each team, this list cannot be exhaustive. Indeed, our doping directory , from which the cases listed here are taken, is by nature incomplete. Moreover, we have not been able to precisely date some doping cases. As a result, these cannot be linked with certainty to such or such a team. They therefore do not appear in this list.
• By doping case, one must understand the positive tests, the reports of deficiency , the disciplinary, parliamentary or judicial inquiries or confessions. When we do not know the outcome, we indicate it in the penalty column. We also mention a number of cases for which there was no sanction. This is the case, for example, of late confessions which did not lead to any prosecution.

If you notice any errors or omissions, please let us know by sending a message here .