The team doping directory : Saint-Raphaël

Statistics

Year	Team	Category
1964	St. Raphael - Gitane	1
1963	St. Raphael - Gitane	0
1962	St. Raphael-Helyett	1
1961	Saint Raphael - Geminiani - Dunlop	0
1960	St. Raphael - Geminiani	1
1959	St. Raphael - Geminiani	0
1958	St. Raphael	1
1957	St. Raphael	2
1956	St. Raphael - Geminiani	1
1955	St. Raphael	0
1954	St. Raphael	0

For a good understanding, the following should be kept in mind:

We've done our best to piece together the history of the teams beyond their name changes. This would not have been possible without the considerable work of three websites: www.museociclismo.it, www.memoire-du-cyclisme.eu and www.velorooms.com.
For each team, this list cannot be exhaustive. Indeed, our doping directory , from which the cases listed here are taken, is by nature incomplete. Moreover, we have not been able to precisely date some doping cases. As a result, these cannot be linked with certainty to such or such a team. They therefore do not appear in this list.
By doping case, one must understand the positive tests, the reports of deficiency , the disciplinary, parliamentary or judicial inquiries or confessions. When we do not know the outcome, we indicate it in the penalty column. We also mention a number of cases for which there was no sanction. This is the case, for example, of late confessions which did not lead to any prosecution.

If you notice any errors or omissions, please let us know by sending a message here .